Evaluation of defatted fenugreek seed flakes (Fenuflakes™) and soluble fibers from fenugreek seeds for digestive enzyme inhibition (in vitro)

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder marked by elevated blood glucose and related complications. Inhibiting α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and lipase helps to control postprandial glucose and lipids, with natural extracts as safer alternatives. Objective: The objective of the study was to explore the antidiabetic mechanisms of defatted fenugreek seed flakes (Fenuflakes^TM) and soluble fibers from fenugreek seeds by inhibiting key digestive enzymes involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Methods: In vitro assays were conducted to evaluate the inhibitory activity of the Fenuflakes and soluble fibers against α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and pancreatic lipase. Enzyme inhibition was assessed in a concentration-dependent manner and compared with standard reference inhibitors. Results: Fenuflakes and soluble fibers demonstrated inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, indicating potential suppression of carbohydrate digestion. It also showed pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity, suggesting reduced lipid hydrolysis. Conclusion: Fenuflakes and soluble fibers exhibit promising antidiabetic potential, primarily through multitarget inhibition of digestive enzymes, supporting their role as natural agents for glycemic and metabolic regulation.