Experience of Introduction of Two Species of Eryngium in the North Caucasus

The article gives recommendations on the cultivation of Eryngium caucasicum Trautv. and Eryngium planum L. in the Caucasus. Introduction: In Russia, grows about 20 species of Eryngium, in the Caucasus 8 species. Materials and Methods: The subjects of the study were two species: Eryngium caucasicum Trautv. and Eryngium planum L. The main methods of research: field, observation, mathematical. Results: The seedlings appear on the 14-16th day. In the first year of vegetation, a rosette of leaves is formed. In September, the rosettes of leaves have a diameter of 35-39 cm. Plants of the second year of vegetation pass through all phases of development: Eryngium caucasicum Trautv. for 180 days, Eryngium planum L. for 160 days. Conclusion: Seeds should be sown in late autumn (late October early November) or early spring (late February beginning of March). Seeds are sown to a depth of 1-2 cm, between rows 50-60 cm. Care of plants requires weeding from weeds and watering. Collection of seeds and fruits is recommended in August September.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
Plains of the Stavropol Territory receive 120-125 kcal / cm 2 of solar radiation per year.The maximum temperature reaches 37-45°C.The amount of rainfall is small, 170-180 mm per year.Seeds of Eryngium caucasicum Trautv.and Eryngium planum L. were harvested in various regions of Dagestan, Kabardino-Balkaria and the Stavropol Territory.Mature seeds were collected for research in August-September 2014.Seeds were placed in the soil in early spring (March) and late autumn (November).Seeds are small, 2-3 mm in length, sown to a depth of 1-2 cm, between rows -50-60 cm, since leaves can reach a diameter of 60 cm.The main methods of research are: Observation, Field, Mathematical.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Observations were carried out on plants of the first and second years of development.The species are propagated by seeds.In the first year, seeds were sown and the formation of a rosettes of leaves was observed.In 2017, spring seed sowing was carried out on March 30, when the air temperature was 12 degrees Celsius.Seedlings appeared on April 14-16.Rosettes of leaves began to form on May 4-6.The dynamics of rosettes growth, the number of formed leaves and temperature data in the first year of development are presented in Table 1.
According to the Table, that the formation of rosettes of leaves in the first year of development continues 60-70 days.During August, slightly increased the size of leaf rosettes.At the same time, air temperature has no special effect on the formation of rosettes.The diameter of the rosettes and the number of leaves in the Eryngium planum are somewhat smaller than in the Eryngium caucasicum (Figure 1).
In this state, the plants were before winter.In winter, some of the leaves die off, but in spring the new leaves grow back.
In 2017, the growth of plants of the second year began on March 8-9, when the air temperature was 4-9°С.Rosettes of leaves formed in Eryngium caucasicum until April 30, in Eryngium planum -until May 12. Their dimensions were 58-60 cm and 47-54 cm, respectively.
The results of observations on the phases of plant development in the second year of vegetation are presented in Table 2.
Plants in the second year of vegetation first form rosettes of leaves, then begin to develop shoots.The phase of budding is shown in Figure 2.
The duration of vegetation phases is presented in Table 3.
Such differences in the duration of developmental phases are explained by the different degree of branching of shoots.In Eryngium planum inflo-rescences less branched, more compact, Eryngium caucasicum forms a large number of lateral branches -the axes of inflorescences.As a result of the study, it was found that when sowing seeds at the end of March it took 150-160 days to completely form a rosette of leaves in the first year of vegetation.Rosettes of leaves had a diameter of 35-39 cm.In the second year of vegetation, the formation of new leaves and their growth began on March 8-9 at a temperature of 4-9°C.The fruits of Eryngium planum ripened in August, and Eryngium caucasicum -in September.For the full development of plants, it took 120-140 and 160-180 days, respectively.Care of plants consisted of weeding from weeds and watering.In the absence of precipitation it is necessary to water 1-2 times a week.The spring-summer period of 2017 was characterized by a large amount of rainfall in April-June.Therefore, the plants of this year have grown to 120-140 cm.Observations in 2017 confirm the possibility of successful cultivation of two species of Eringium in the Stavropol Territory.

Shcherbakova
Ekaterina Aleksandrovna: Postgraduate student at the Chair of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany Pyatigorsk medical-pharmaceutical Institute -branch FGBOU VO VolgGMU Ministry of health of Russia, RUSSIA.Research interests: Phytochemistry, Pharmacognosy.ABOUT AUTHORS Konovalov Dmitryi Alexeevich: Doctor of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Professor, Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany Pyatigorsk, Medical-Pharmaceutical Institute -branch FGBOU VO VolgGMU Ministry of health of Russia, RUSSIA.Research interests: Phytochemistry, Pharmacognosy, Sesquiterpene lactones, Polyacetylene compounds.Eliseeva Lyudmila Mikhailovna: Candidate of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Senior Lecturer, Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany Pyatigorsk Medical-Pharmaceutical Institute -branch FGBOU VO VolgGMU Ministry of health of Russia, RUSSIA.Research interests: Study of the flora of the Caucasian Mineral Waters, Micro morphologic study of plants of the Caucasus.Cite this article: Shcherbakova EA, Eliseeva LM, Konovalov DA Experience of Introduction of Two Species of Eryngium in the North Caucasus.Pharmacog J. 2018;10(6)Suppl:s59-s62.

Table 3 : Duration of vegetation phases of two species of Eringium in the second year of development (days).
Seed sowing should be done in late February -early March.In addition, you can sow in the autumn -in late October -early November.3. Seeds are placed in the soil at a depth of 1-2 cm, between rows -50-60 cm. 4. Make weeding and watering as necessary.5. Chemical protection of plants from pests is not required.6. Harvesting fruits and seeds in August-September.