<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Swati Som</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Justin Antony</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Palanisamy Dhanabal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sivasankaran Ponnusankar</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytochemical Profiling of Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. ex Schult and its Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Neuroprotection Linked Enzyme Inhibitory Properties</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acetylcholinesterase</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antioxidant</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Butyrylcholinesterase</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hemidesmus indicus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monoamine oxidase</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">January 2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">196-205</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction:&lt;/strong&gt; Exponential expansion in the usage of herbal medicines was observed in recent decades due to the increasing importance of the traditionally used natural remedies. In order to identify bioactive components of medicinal value, in the present study, we aimed to screen different extracts of&lt;em&gt; Hemidesmus indicus&lt;/em&gt; (L.) R. Br. ex Schult for health beneficial effect by exploring its biological properties and phytochemical profile. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; By using sequential extraction method, &lt;em&gt;H. indicus &lt;/em&gt;roots were extracted with various solvents based on low to high polarity. Subsequently, quantitative phytochemical profiling, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities were tested by using standard protocols. The MTT assay was carried out in SHSY-5Y cell lines to evaluate anti-inflammatory effect. &lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Methanol extract displayed highest phytochemical content with high concentration of terpenoid (59.82±0.97 mg LE/g of extract) and saponin (15.03±0.45 mg DE/g of extract). All the extracts exhibited concentration dependent pharmacological activities. In comparison, methanol extract produced highest activities with IC&lt;sub&gt;50 &lt;/sub&gt;of 15.21±0.31 and 11.36±0.39 μg/ml against NO and DPPH radical scavenging assays respectively. Also, methanol extract showed maximum inhibition against acetylcholinesterase (IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt;=17.46±0.49 μg/ml) and butyrylcholinesterase (IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt;=31.05±0.39 μg/ml), however, aqueous extract displayed highest potency against monoamine oxidase-B inhibition (IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt;=24.60±0.45 μg/ml). At 12.5-100 μg/mL concentrations, methanol and aqueous extracts did not show any cytotoxic effect on SH-SY5Y cells and dose dependently suppressed TNF-α and IL-6 production.&lt;strong&gt; Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Collectively,&lt;em&gt; H. indicus&lt;/em&gt; could act as a disease modifying therapeutic in pharmaceutical industries by utilizing it as alternative therapy for the management of oxidative stress and its related disorders.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">196</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Swati Som&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Justin Antony&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, S Palanisamy Dhanabal&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Sivasankaran Ponnusankar&lt;sup&gt;1,&lt;/sup&gt;* &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacy Practice, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education &amp;amp; Research, Ooty, Tamilnadu 643001, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education &amp;amp; Research, Ooty, Tamilnadu 643001, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education &amp;amp; Research, Ooty, Tamilnadu 643001, INDIA&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Norhafizoh Abdul Somat</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zaini Yusoff</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Che Puteh Osman</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemical Constituents from Diospyros discolor Willd. and their Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activity</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acetylcholinesterase</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ebenaceae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flavonoid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Triterpenes</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">November 2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1547-1551</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Diospyros discolor&lt;/em&gt; is commonly known as ‘buah mentega’ and traditionally used to treat various diseases. Many compounds especially triterpenes in &lt;em&gt;Diospyros&lt;/em&gt; sp. were reported to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase enzymes &lt;em&gt;in vitro &lt;/em&gt;and &lt;em&gt;in vivo.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;D. discolor &lt;/em&gt;was reported to contain triterpenes, yet to be investigated for their AChE inhibitory activity. &lt;em&gt;D. discolor&lt;/em&gt; leaves extract showed high (95.80 ± 1.57 %) AChE inhibitory activity at the concentration of 100 μg/mL. &lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; The aim of the present study is to identify chemical constituents from &lt;em&gt;D. discolor &lt;/em&gt;and their AChE inhibitory activity. &lt;strong&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; The leaves and stem barks of &lt;em&gt;D. discolor&lt;/em&gt; were air dried, powdered and successively extracted using n-hexane, dichloromethane and methanol. The solvents were evaporated to obtain dried crude extracts. The compounds were purified using exhaustive chromatographic procedures and their structures were determined by analyses of spectral data. The AChE inhibitory activity was carried out using Ellman’s method. &lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A new flavonol, 7,4’-dihydroxy-5,3’,5’-trimethoxyflavonol &lt;strong&gt;(1)&lt;/strong&gt;, along with five known flavonoids &lt;strong&gt;(2-6)&lt;/strong&gt; and six known triterpenes &lt;strong&gt;(7-13)&lt;/strong&gt; were isolated from the leaves and stem barks of &lt;em&gt;D. discolor. &lt;/em&gt;Selected compounds were evaluated for AChE inhibitory activity, in which stigmast-4-ene- 3-one &lt;strong&gt;(7)&lt;/strong&gt; showed the lowest inhibition concentration with an IC&lt;sub&gt;50 &lt;/sub&gt;value of 11.77 ± 2.11 μM. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; A new flavonol &lt;strong&gt;(1) &lt;/strong&gt;and twelve known compounds were identified and characterized. Even though &lt;em&gt;D. discolor&lt;/em&gt; extracts showed high percent inhibition against AChE enzyme, the isolated compounds showed moderate inhibition.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6s</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1547</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Norhafizoh Abdul Somat&lt;sup&gt;1,2&lt;/sup&gt;, Zaini Yusoff&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Che Puteh Osman&lt;sup&gt;1,2,&lt;/sup&gt;* &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, MALAYSIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, MALAYSIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Perlis, Kampus Arau, 02600 Arau, Perlis, MALAYSIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dinesh Kumar Singh</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Divya jyoti Singh</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Photoactivated chlorophyllin and acetylcholinesterase/ cytochrome oxidase activity in Fasciola gigantica cercaria larvae</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acetylcholinesterase</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cercaria larva</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cytochrome oxidase</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fasciola Gigantica</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lymnaea acuminata</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nervous tissue</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">May 2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://fulltxt.org/article/667</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">768-772</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; The effect of chlorophyllin (CHL), CHL + freeze dried cow urine (FCU) and FCU on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and cytochrome oxidase activity in the nervous tissue of the host snail &lt;em&gt;Lymnaea acuminata&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;and&lt;/em&gt; parasitic cercaria larvae of &lt;em&gt;Fasciola gigantica&lt;/em&gt; were studied. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Whole cercaria larvae and snail nervous tissue was homogenized and supernatant was used as an enzyme source. Enzyme activity was measured in 10-mm path length cuvette using incubation mixtures and change in optical density was recorded. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Sublethal 4 h LC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; 40% and 80% of these formulations in sunlight and laboratory conditions caused no significant change in AChE activity in the nervous tissue of host snail. It was noted that sublethal &lt;em&gt;in vivo&lt;/em&gt; 8 h exposure to 40% and 80% of 4 h LC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; of single and binary combination of CHL+FCU, CHL and FCU significantly altered the AChE and cytochrome oxidase activity in the cercaria larvae. Binary combinations of CHL+FCU in sunlight were more effective in inhibiting both the enzymes. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; The present study reported that enzymes AChE and cytochrome oxidase were inhibited by chlorophyllin formulations and thus causing the larval death inside the snail body without affecting the snail itself which is an important bioindicator of aquatic ecosytem.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">768</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dinesh Kumar Singh&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;, Divya Jyoti Singh&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Malacology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, D.D.U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, Pin: 273 009, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Srikanth Jeyabalan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kavimani Subramanian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Uma Maheswara Reddy Cheekala</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chitra Krishnan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In vitro &amp; ex vivo Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activity of Morinda citrifolia Linn (Noni) Fruit Extract</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acetylcholinesterase</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ex vivo.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">in vitro</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morinda citrifolia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neuroprotective activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Noni</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September 2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://fulltxt.org/article/194</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">900-905</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; Psychological problem is a key medical issue for numerous neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases, for example, schizophrenia, Alzheimer&amp;rsquo;s, dementia, seizure and Parkinsonism. &lt;em&gt;Morinda citrifolia&lt;/em&gt; (Noni) has been utilized for a considerable length of time to cure or counteract assortment of diseases by conventional therapeutic professionals in Hawaii and Polynesia. &lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; The present study is focused to identify the neuroprotective activity of &lt;em&gt;Morinda citrifolia &lt;/em&gt;fruit extract (MCFE) on &lt;em&gt;in vitro&lt;/em&gt; and ex vivo animal model by inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), an enzyme target used for the treatment of Alzheimer&amp;rsquo;s disease. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Acetylcholinesterase inhibition assay was performed by &lt;em&gt;in vitro&lt;/em&gt; &amp;amp; &lt;em&gt;ex vivo&lt;/em&gt; methods as described by Ellman et al.&lt;em&gt; In vitro&lt;/em&gt; antioxidant assay of the extract was performed by DPPH free radical scavenging activity &amp;amp; nitric oxide scavenging activity. &lt;strong&gt;Statistical analysis used:&lt;/strong&gt; Statistical analysis was carried out using non linear regression analysis for plotting the line of best fit for the observed values using Graph- Pad Prism software. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; By performing &lt;em&gt;in vitro&lt;/em&gt; antioxidant assay the IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; value of the standard quercetin was found to be 46.22 &amp;mu;g/ml as compared to the MCFE which has an IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; value of 43.14 &amp;mu;g/ml for DPPH free radical scavenging activity. Similarly the IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; value of the standard ascorbic acid was found to be 81.85 &amp;mu;g/ml as compared to the MCFE which has an IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; value of 148.0 &amp;mu;g/ml for nitric oxide scavenging activity. Acetylcholinesterase inhibition assay was performed by &lt;em&gt;in vitro&lt;/em&gt; method and the IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; value of MCFE and neostigmine was found to be 31.84 &amp;mu;g/ml &amp;amp; 19.71 &amp;mu;g/ml respectively. Conclusions: The present study investigated the neuroprotective activity of MCFE and it was identified by both &lt;em&gt;in vitro&lt;/em&gt; and&lt;em&gt; ex vivo&lt;/em&gt; techniques that the phytoconstituents has the ability to improve the learning and memory function by inhibiting the acetylcholinesterase.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">900</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Srikanth Jeyabalan&lt;sup&gt;1*&lt;/sup&gt;, Kavimani Subramanian&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Uma Maheswara Reddy Cheekala&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Chitra Krishnan&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai &amp;ndash; 600 116, Tamil Nadu, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacology, Mother Theresa Post Graduate and Research Institute of Health Sciences, Puducherry - 605006, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai &amp;ndash; 600 116, Tamil Nadu, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmaceutical chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai &amp;ndash; 600 116, Tamil Nadu, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gargi Nag</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sukriti Das</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Susmita Das</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suvra Mandal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bratati De</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antioxidant, anti-acetylcholinesterase and anti-glycosidase properties of three species of Swertia, their xanthones and amarogentin: A comparative study</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acetylcholinesterase</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antioxidant.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Glycosidase</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Swertia Sp.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xanthone</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">27th Dec, 2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">117-123</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aim: &lt;/strong&gt;The aim of the study was to analyze the antioxidant, anti-amylase, anti-glucosidase and antiacetylcholinesterase (anti-AChE) properties of the leafy shoots of three Indian species of &lt;em&gt;Swertia&lt;/em&gt; e.g. &lt;em&gt;Swertia chirata&lt;/em&gt; and its substitutes &lt;em&gt;Swertia bimaculata,&lt;/em&gt; and Swertia decussata, their xanthones and amarogentin. &lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Antioxidant activity of the methanolic extracts of leafy shoots was measured in terms of DPPH, superoxide and nitric oxide radical scavenging activities as well as metal chelating properties. Enzyme inhibitory properties were measured using AChE, &amp;alpha;-amylase and &amp;alpha;-glucosidase respectively. Five xanthones bellidifolin (1), swerchirin (2), decussatin (3), mangiferin (4) and 1-hydroxy-3,5,8-trimethoxy xanthone (6) and one iridoid, amarogentin (5) were isolated from &lt;em&gt;Swertia chirata&lt;/em&gt;. The activities of the isolated components were compared. &lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Swertia chirata&lt;/em&gt; exhibited best antioxidant and anti-AChE properties than the other two species. The plants also possessed &amp;alpha;-glucosidase inhibitory properties but weak &amp;alpha;-amylase inhibitory activity. Highest activities were observed in &lt;em&gt;Swertia chirata&lt;/em&gt;. We report here, for the first time, the antioxidant, anti-AChE and anti-glycosidase activity of 1-hydroxy-3,5,8-trimethoxy xanthone. This xanthone had strongest DPPH radical scavenging activity and anti-AChE property. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; The results suggest the beneficial effects of the xanthones of &lt;em&gt;Swertia chirata&lt;/em&gt;. But further study should be carried out to prove the efficacy &lt;em&gt;in vivo. &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Key words:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; Swertia Sp.,&lt;/em&gt; Xanthone, Glycosidase, Acetylcholinesterase, Antioxidant.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">117</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Gargi Nag&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Sukriti Das&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Susmita Das&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Suvra Mandal&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Bratati De&lt;sup&gt;1*&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Phytochemistry and Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Chemistry, National Research Institute of Ayurvedic Drug Development, Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700091, India&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gargi Nag</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sukriti Das</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Susmita Das</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bratati De</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suvra Mandal</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antioxidant, anti-acetylcholinesterase and anti-glycosidase properties of three species of Swertia, their xanthones and amarogentin: A comparative study</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acetylcholinesterase</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antioxidant.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Glycosidase</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Swertia Sp.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xanthone</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mar-Apr 2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">117-123</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aim:&lt;/strong&gt; The aim of the study was to analyze the antioxidant, anti-amylase, anti-glucosidase and antiacetylcholinesterase (anti-AChE) properties of the leafy shoots of three Indian species of Swertia e.g. Swertia chirata and its substitutes Swertia bimaculata, and Swertia decussata, their xanthones and amarogentin. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Antioxidant activity of the methanolic extracts of leafy shoots was measured in terms of DPPH, superoxide and nitric oxide radical scavenging activities as well as metal chelating properties. Enzyme inhibitory properties were measured using AChE, &amp;alpha;-amylase and &amp;alpha;-glucosidase respectively. Five xanthones bellidifolin (1), swerchirin (2), decussatin (3), mangiferin (4) and 1-hydroxy-3,5,8-trimethoxy xanthone (6) and one iridoid, amarogentin (5) were isolated from Swertia chirata. The activities of the isolated components were compared. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Swertia chirata exhibited best antioxidant and anti-AChE properties than the other two species. The plants also possessed &amp;alpha;-glucosidase inhibitory properties but weak &amp;alpha;-amylase inhibitory activity. Highest activities were observed in Swertia chirata. We report here, for the first time, the antioxidant, anti-AChE and anti-glycosidase activity of 1-hydroxy-3,5,8-trimethoxy xanthone. This xanthone had strongest DPPH radical scavenging activity and anti-AChE property. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; The results suggest the beneficial effects of the xanthones of Swertia chirata. But further study should be carried out to prove the efficacy in vivo&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">117</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Gargi Nag&lt;sup&gt;1,&lt;/sup&gt; Sukriti Das&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Susmita Das&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Suvra Mandal&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Bratati De&lt;sup&gt;1*&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Phytochemistry and Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India 2Department of Chemistry, National Research Institute of Ayurvedic Drug Development, Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700091, India&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manish Kumar,</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Milind Parle</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacological Evaluation of Cucumber for Cognition Enhancing Effect on Brain of Mice</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acetylcholinesterase</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cholesterol</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dementia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Glucose</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hypoxia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">object recognition task</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8th April 2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">100-107</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction:&lt;/strong&gt; Cucumber is fruit of &lt;em&gt;Cucumis sativus&lt;/em&gt; var. &lt;em&gt;sativus&lt;/em&gt; L. which has been used traditionally in gastrointestinal problems, skin problems and as coolant in salad for body and brain. Cucumber is a great folk medicine used to reduce heat and inflammation. Cognitive effects of cucumber are assessed in this study.&lt;strong&gt; Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Fresh fruits of &lt;em&gt;Cucumis sativus&lt;/em&gt; L. were ground and a paste was prepared which consisted of different concentrations of cucumber (10, 20, 30 % w/w). The three doses were given ad &lt;em&gt;libitum&lt;/em&gt; to mice for 15 successive days. Animal models utilized were sodium nitrite induced hypoxia and object recognition task. Biochemical analysis employed estimation of acetylcholinesterase activity in brain, serum glucose levels, cholesterol levels, brain lipid peroxidation (MDA) levels and reduced glutathione levels in brain of mice.&lt;strong&gt; Results:&lt;/strong&gt; 6g/kg and 9g/kg doses of cucumber significantly (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;&amp;lt; 0.05, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;&amp;lt; 0.01) increased frequency of entry, number of entry and duration of entry in small compartment in sodium nitrite induced hypoxia model and depicted significantly (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;&amp;lt; 0.05, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;&amp;lt; 0.001) enhanced exploratory activity in object recognition task model. Further, biochemical analysis indicated good potential of cucumber in cognition enhancement. 9 g/kg dose (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;&amp;lt; 0.001) reduced brain &lt;strong&gt;AchE&lt;/strong&gt; activity along with blood glucose and serum cholesterol levels. 6 g/kg dose (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;&amp;lt; 0.01) replenished brain GSH levels and reduced lipid peroxides. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; Cucumber increased cognition in rodents.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Key words: &lt;/strong&gt;Hypoxia, object recognition task, acetylcholinesterase, glucose, cholesterol, dementia.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Manish Kumar&lt;sup&gt;a,&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt; and Milind Parle&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;strong&gt;b &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;Keshav College of Pharmacy, Salwan, Karnal 132046, India&lt;sup&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PS Dhivya</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">P Selvamani</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">S Latha</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vasudevan Mani</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nur Syamimi Mohd Azahan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In vitro Evaluation of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory and Neuroprotective Activity in Commiphora species: A Comparative Study</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acetylcholinesterase</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aβ25-35</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Commiphiora pubescens</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Commiphora berryi</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Commiphora caudata</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neuroprotective</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SH-SY5Y Cell line</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">202</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September 2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1223-1231</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Herbal medicines are widely used in the therapeutic intervention that could delay the onset of Neurodegenerative diseases like, Alzheimer’s disease. Despite intensive advancements in the field of research currently available therapeutic strategies are often limited due to their adverse effects. Hence there is a need for the search for novel compounds for effective medications to treat neurocognitive deficits. &lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;The present study focused on acetylcholinesterase inhibitory and neuroprotective activity of &lt;em&gt;Commiphora species&lt;/em&gt; plant for their possible use in Alzheimer’s disease. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Phytochemical screening, TLC bioautographic and colourimetric assay was performed to quantify their acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of ethanolic extracts of the &lt;em&gt;Commiphora species&lt;/em&gt;. The MTT assay was carried to evaluate the neuroprotective effect against the Aβ-induced cytotoxicity in SHSY5Y cell lines. &lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The bark of &lt;em&gt;Commiphora berryi&lt;/em&gt;, leaves of &lt;em&gt;Commiphora caudata&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Commiphora pubescens&lt;/em&gt; were found abundant in flavonoids, glycosides, steroids and terpenoids. Further, the ethanol extract of &lt;em&gt;Commiphora berryi&lt;/em&gt; (65.48% ± 0.10) showed the highest acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. The Aβ&lt;sub&gt;25-35&lt;/sub&gt; induced cell damage was as evidenced at a concentration of 20μM. The neuroprotective effect of the ethanol extracts was examined in neurodegenerative cells induced by Aβ&lt;sub&gt;25-35&lt;/sub&gt;. On pretreatment with plant extracts, significant improvement in cell viability was observed as 63.42 ± 2.02% (25μg/ml) for &lt;em&gt;Commiphora berryi&lt;/em&gt;. The maximum percentage of &lt;em&gt;in-vitro&lt;/em&gt; AChE inhibition and neuroprotective effect was effective in the ethanol bark extract of &lt;em&gt;Commiphora berryi&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; The results are very rousing to continue the screening of more unexplored plant species could be used for the development of novel bioactive compounds to treat the many diseases, especially for Alzheimer's disease.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1223</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;PS Dhivya&lt;sup&gt;1,&lt;/sup&gt;*, P Selvamani&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, S Latha&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Vasudevan Mani&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;, Nur Syamimi Mohd Azahan&lt;sup&gt;5 &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Anna University, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology Campus, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Centre for Excellence in Nanobio Translational Research (CENTRE), Anna University, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology Campus, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Centre for Excellence in Nanobio Translational Research (CENTRE), Anna University, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology Campus, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;Faculty of Pharmacy, UniversitiTeknologi MARA (UiTM), 42300 Bandar PuncakAlam, Selangor, MALAYSIA.&lt;/p&gt;
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