<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hebert Adrianto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sri Subekti</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heny Arwati</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Etha Rambung</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hanna Tabita Hasianna Silitonga</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Etik Ainun Rohmah</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Another Mode of Action of Temephos Against Aedes aegypti Larvae: A Stomach Poison Investigation</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ae. aegypti</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Histopathology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Midgut</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Temephos</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April 2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">298-303</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;em&gt;Aedes aegypti&lt;/em&gt; is a key vector for the spread of several severe arboviral infections. The Indonesian Ministry of Health launched Temephos as a national effort to limit the &lt;em&gt;Aedes aegypti &lt;/em&gt;larvae population. The old theory has been passed down for generations that the principle of the mechanism of action of temephos as a neurotoxin. The main aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of action of temephos as a stomach poison by using histopathology study.&lt;strong&gt; Method:&lt;/strong&gt; There are two treatments with three replications: a container containing only 100 ml of water with tween 20 and a container containing 100 ml of water with 1 ppm of temephos 8G. The 20 third-instar Ae. aegypti larvae in containers containing 100 ml of water with 1 ppm of temephos 8G were compared with those in 100 ml of water containing Tween-20. The experiment was done in three replications. The number of dead larvae was recorded after 24 hours of treatment. Histological sections of the larval midgut were prepared and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE). Light microscopy was used to examine changes in the length of the midgut lumen and the epithelium. Data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA. The appearances of the nucleus of the epithelial cell and the degree of damage were qualitatively observed. &lt;strong&gt;Results&lt;/strong&gt;: The results showed that no dead larvae were found in the control group, however, 100% mortality was found in the temephos group. The changes in midgut lumen length and in the epithelium length were significantly different from those in the control group (p&amp;lt;0.05). Nuclei of epithelial cells were lost and midgut cells were damaged in the temephos group. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/strong&gt; This study reports the first discovery of the mechanism of action of temephos other than a neurotoxin, namely stomach poison&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article </style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">298</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hebert Adrianto&lt;sup&gt;1,2&lt;/sup&gt;, Sri Subekti3,&lt;sup&gt;4,*&lt;/sup&gt;, Heny Arwati&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;, Etha Rambung&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Hanna Tabita Hasianna Silitonga&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Etik Ainun Rohmah&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60131, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;School of Medicine, Universitas Ciputra, Surabaya 60219, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Entomology Laboratory, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universita&lt;/p&gt;
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