<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ihyan Amri</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abdul Hafid Bajamal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">David S. Perdanakusuma</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effect of Hypnoanesthesia on Endogenous Opioids (Beta Endorphin and Enkephalin)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beta-Endorphin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Enkephalin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Glutamic Acid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hypnoanesthesia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Substance P.</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March 2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">141-145</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background&lt;/strong&gt;: Hypnoanesthesia is a state of anesthesia achieved through hypnosis techniques. Meanwhile, hypnosis is a condition in which the mind receives information without analyzing it. Hypnoanesthesia has been empirically utilized in surgery since the 18th century, but the mechanism remains unclear. &lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;This study aims to prove nociceptive pain relief due to hypnoanesthesia in minor surgery, with indications of changes in the serum levels of several excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in the physiological mechanism of pain. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; The study subjects included patients with benign soft tissue tumors consisting of 40 people who were divided into 2 groups (treatment and control). The treatment group underwent minor surgery using hypnoanesthesia, while the control group underwent minor surgery using 2% lidocaine local anesthesia. Pain in both groups was measured by FPS (Face Pain Scale) and monitored by a vital sign monitor. Changes in the serum levels of glutamic acid, substance P, beta-endorphin and enkephalin neurotransmitters in both groups before and after the intervention were analyzed using ELISA. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; There were no significant changes in serum levels of neurotransmitters, pre and post intervention in both groups, both excitatory neurotransmitters Glutamic Acid and Substance P and inhibitory neurotransmitters Beta Endorphins and Enkephalin (p &amp;gt; 0.05). &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Based on the results of the data analysis, it can be concluded that the empirical nociceptive pain relief occurred in patients who underwent minor surgery with hypnoanesthesia and there was no significant change in betaendorphin, enkephalin, glutamate acid, and substance P serum levels before and after hypnoanesthesia&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">141</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ihyan Amri&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Abdul Hafid Bajamal&lt;sup&gt;2,*&lt;/sup&gt;, David S. Perdanakusuma&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Departement of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Departement of Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ihyan Amri</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abdul Hafid Bajamal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">David S. Perdanakusuma</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Effect of Hypnoanesthesia on Serotonin</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Glutamate Acid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hypnoanesthesia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Serotonin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Substance P.</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March 2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">146-149</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; Every minor and major surgical procedure requires anesthesia to relieve pain during surgery. The neuro-biomolecular mechanism of pain relief in hypnoanesthesia remains uncomprehended.&lt;strong&gt; Objective&lt;/strong&gt;: This study aims to observe the effect of hypnoanesthesia on several neurotransmitters, including serotonin, glutamic acid, and substance P, which play a role in the mechanism of pain. Methods: The study subjects included patients with benign soft tissue tumors consisting of 40 people who were divided into two groups, namely treatment and control groups. Minor surgery with hypnoanesthesia was performed in the treatment group, whereas in the control group, minor surgery was performed with 2% lidocaine local anesthetic. Pain in both groups was measured by FPS (Face Pain Scale) and monitored by a vital sign monitor. The processes of the study were recorded with a camcorder. Changes in serum levels of excitatory (glutamic acid and substance P) and inhibitory (serotonin) neurotransmitters before and after the intervention were analyzed using ELISA (Enzym-Link Immunosorbent Assay) in both groups. &lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The control and treatment groups had the same end result, which was pain relief. The results of regression and ANOVA analysis indicated that serotonin simultaneously had a significant effect on substance P at 98.4% and glutamic acid at 98.2%. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;There was no statistically significant change in serotonin levels before and after hypnoanesthesia. Serotonin, as an inhibitory neurotransmitter, simultaneously has a significant effect on both excitatory neurotransmitters, namely Glutamate Acid and Substance P, in the mechanism of nociceptive pain relief with hypnosis.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">146</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ihyan Amri&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Abdul Hafid Bajamal&lt;sup&gt;2,*&lt;/sup&gt;, David S. Perdanakusuma&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Departement of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Departement of Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
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