<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marco Mesia Guevara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jesus Rojas Jaimes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Luis Castañeda Pelaez</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proliferative effect of Dracontium spruceanum on Leishmania</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cell viability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cutaneous Leishmaniasis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dracontium spruceanum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Glucantime</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leishmania</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December 2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">683-687</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Leishmaniasis&lt;/em&gt;, transmitted by sandflies and caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania, primarily presents in its cutaneous form. Difficulties in diagnosis and the adverse effects of conventional treatments have driven the search for alternatives, such as &lt;em&gt;Dracontium spruceanum&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;sacha jergón&quot;), an Amazonian plant containing compounds with potential activity against &lt;em&gt;Leishmania&lt;/em&gt; spp., whose efficacy still requires scientific validation. &lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To determine the effect of the aqueous extract of &lt;em&gt;Dracontium spruceanum &lt;/em&gt;against &lt;em&gt;Leishmania&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Detection of &lt;em&gt;Leishmania &lt;/em&gt;(Viannia) spp. kDNA was performed by PCR using primers MP1-L and MP3-H, with LTB-300 (L. (V.) braziliensis) and DNAfree water as controls. Promastigotes were isolated from cutaneous lesion scrapings and cultured in biphasic medium, achieving differentiation into axenic amastigotes in Schneider medium, with pH 4.7 as the optimal condition for complete conversion. Plant material of &lt;em&gt;Dracontium spruceanum&lt;/em&gt; collected in Ucayali (Peru) was processed to obtain an aqueous extract (100 mg/mL). The antiparasitic activity of the extract was evaluated by the MTT assay against promastigotes and amastigotes, using Glucantime as a positive control. Data obtained were analyzed by ANOVA, considering p-values &amp;lt; 0.05 as significant. &lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;In &lt;em&gt;in vitro &lt;/em&gt;assays with &lt;em&gt;Leishmania &lt;/em&gt;sp., administration of Glucantime (25 mg/mL) produced a significant decrease in cell viability of promastigotes (71%) and axenic amastigotes (38%) compared to the control group. Conversely, the aqueous extract of &lt;em&gt;Dracontium spruceanum&lt;/em&gt; (8.33 mg/mL) caused a significant increase in promastigote (160%) and amastigote (179%) viability, indicating a stimulatory effect on parasite growth (p &amp;lt; 0.05). &lt;strong&gt;Discussion and conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;The in vitro effect of the aqueous extract of &lt;em&gt;Dracontium spruceanum&lt;/em&gt; on promastigotes and axenic amastigotes of &lt;em&gt;Leishmania &lt;/em&gt;sp. was investigated. Unlike Glucantime, which significantly decreased parasite viability, the extract consistently promoted proliferation in both forms. This result, uncommon in medicinal plant studies, could be linked to the presence of ceramides and cerebrosides, compounds in the genus Dracontium previously associated with mitogenic activity. Additional dose-response studies and phytochemical analysis are needed to identify the active compounds and clarify their mechanism of action.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">683</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Marco Mesía Guevara&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Jesús Rojas Jaimes&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Luis Castañeda Pelaez&lt;sup&gt;2*&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, PERU.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Privada del Norte, Lima, PERU.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jesús Rojas-Jaimes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marco Mesía-Guevara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alexander Murillo-Zenozain</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effect of Butionin-Sulfaximine and Fluphenazine as Trypanothione Inhibitory Drugs on Promastigotes and Axenic Amastigotes of Leishmania Peruviana and Leishmania Braziliensis</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Axenic Amastigote</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Butionin-Sulfaximine</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fluphenazine</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leishmania</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March 2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">82-85</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by the &lt;em&gt;Leishmania parasite&lt;/em&gt;, which is difficult to diagnose, causes disfigurement and is difficult to treat. Objectives: To determine the effect of Butionin-Sulfaximine (BSO) and Fluphenazine on trypomastigotes and axenic amastigotes of &lt;em&gt;Leishmania peruviana&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Leishmania braziliensis&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; A study was performed with Butionin-Sulfaximine (BSO), Fluphenazine, and Glucantime (positive control,) utilizing respective concentrations of 41.7 mg/ml, 4.17 mg/ml, and 50 mg/ml for twenty-four hours on axenic amastigotes. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; A significant difference (*P &amp;lt; 0.05) was found between the negative control group, Fluphenazine, and BSO within both the axenic amastigotes of L. peruviana (5.5 X 10&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt; / ml for the negative control, 0.15 X 10&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt; / ml for Fluphenazine, and 0.7 X 10&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt; / ml for BSO) and &lt;em&gt;L. braziliensis &lt;/em&gt;(6.9 X 10&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;/ml for the negative control, 0.18 X 10&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;/ml for Fluphenazine, and 0.22 X 10&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;/ml for BSO). Another significant difference (*P &amp;lt; 0.05) was found in the promastigotes of L. peruviana (5.9 X 10&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt; / ml for the negative control, 0.66 X 10&lt;sup&gt;5 &lt;/sup&gt;/ ml for Fluphenazine, and 3.1 X 10&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt; / ml for BSO) and L. braziliensis (8.7 X 10&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;/ml for the negative control and 5.68 X 10&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;/ml for Fluphenazine). &lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;From this, we conclude Fluphenazine and BSO present promising antiparasitic effects against axenic amastigotes of L. peruviana and L. braziliensis in both pharmacological tests of the in vivo model and their potential future use.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article </style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">82</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Jesús Rojas-Jaimes&lt;sup&gt;1,2,*&lt;/sup&gt;, Marco Mesia-Guevara&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Alexander Murillo- Zenozain&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;College of Human Medicine, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, PERÚ.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Privada del Norte, Lima, PERÚ.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jesús Rojas-Jaimes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marco Mesía-Guevara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maria Rojas-Puell</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Luis Castañeda- Pelaez</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antiparasitic effect of Psidium guajava on promastigotes and axenic amastigotes of Leishmania</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amastigote</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leishmania</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Promastigote</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psidium guajava</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">January 2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">973-977</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background&lt;/strong&gt;: Leishmaniasis is a stigmatic and mutilating disease due to pathogenic species of the genus Leishmania which, depending on the species and the individual's immune status, may vary clinically from a cutaneous, mucosal, and visceral form, and for which there is no suitable treatment without significant side effects.&lt;strong&gt; Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;To measure the effect of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of&lt;em&gt; Psidium guajava&lt;/em&gt; against axenic promastigotes and amastigotes of &lt;em&gt;Leishmania spp.&lt;/em&gt; Methods: The method of [3- (3,4 -dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide] was used to study the antiparasitic effects of ethanolic (100mg/mL) and aqueous (100mg/mL) extracts of &lt;em&gt;Psidium guajava&lt;/em&gt; on axenic amastigotes cultures (8.1 x103 parasite/mL) and promastigotes (12 x 104 parasite/mL) obtained from a patient with cutaneous&amp;nbsp;leishmaniasis, and the percentage of parasite death was evaluated in comparison with Glucantime (300mg/mL) and untreated parasite cultures. &lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Regarding parasite death in promastigotes, the ethanolic and aqueous extracts had a percentage of 22.58% and -45.16%, respectively, with no significant difference between treatments (N=3) (p= 0.058). In contrast, the ethanolic and aqueous extracts had an antiparasitic percentage of 91.67% and -70.83%, respectively, with a significant difference between treatments (N=3) (p&amp;lt;0.05).&lt;strong&gt; Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Our study showed high and significant effectiveness in parasite death (91.67%) of &lt;em&gt;Leishmania&lt;/em&gt; axenic amastigotes of the ethanolic extract (100mg/mL) of &lt;em&gt;Psidium guajava,&lt;/em&gt; being this result promising and the basis for in vivo studies, using the ethanolic extraction of P. guajava&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6s</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research Article </style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">973-977</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Jesús Rojas-Jaimes&lt;sup&gt;1,2,*&lt;/sup&gt;, Marco Mesía-Guevara&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Maria Rojas- Puell&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Luis Castañeda- Pelaez&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, PERU.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Privada del Norte, Lima, PERU.&lt;/p&gt;
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