<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ramadanil Pitopang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nadhirah Nur Azizah Lubis</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mifthahul Jannah Tahapary Zubair</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Puti Andalusia Sarigando Banilai</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nurhaeni</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ihwan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Immunomodulatory and Acute Toxicity Tests of Rhizome Ethanol  Extract of Etlingera Flexuosa Poulsen (Zingiberaceae) on Male  Mice (Mus Musculus)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Etlingera flexuosa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Immunomodulators</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Immunostimulants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lethal Dose 50</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Macrophages</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phagocytosis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Toxicity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December 2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1077-1083</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction:&lt;/strong&gt; Immunomodulators are molecules of synthetic or biological origin that help to regulate the immune system. Many studies have focuses on exploring for phytochemical compounds that used as immunomodulatory properties in Indonesia, as well as in Sulawesi. The immunomodulatory activity of rhizome extract of&lt;em&gt; E. flexuosa&lt;/em&gt;, an endemic flowering plant of Sulawesi on male mice were studied. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; 25 male mice (&lt;em&gt;Mus musculus&lt;/em&gt;) used were randomly divided into 5 groups and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) was used as inducer. The negative control group was given 0.5% Na-CMC (Carboxymethyl Cellulosa Sodium), positive control group was given stimuno® and treatment groups were an ethanol extract of &lt;em&gt;E. flexuosa&lt;/em&gt; with successive doses of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight (BW) respectively. Each group was given the preparation orally for 7 days and on the 8th day the test animals were induced by &lt;em&gt;Staphylococcus aureus &lt;/em&gt;bacteria intraperitoneally. The mice were dissected and the peritoneal fluid was taken to determine the activity of the macrophage cells. Meanwhile, Thomson and Weil method was used to study the acute toxicity test and determine the lethal dose 50 (LD50). &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The percentage of macrophage activity in each group of negative control, positive control, extract doses of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg BW respectively were 40.40%, 82.65%, 53.05%, 69.38% and 82.06%. Based on the results obtained, it was shown that the &lt;em&gt;E. flexuosa&lt;/em&gt; rhizome extract has an optimum dose of 800 mg/kg BW, which was not significantly different from the positive control. Meanwhile, the symptoms of toxicity began to appear from a dose of 600 mg/kg BW to a dose of 2400 mg/kg BW including decreased motor activity, tremor, ataxia, lids and writhing. LD50 expressed in LD50 within the criteria of being practically non-toxic. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/strong&gt; The&lt;em&gt; E. flexuosa&lt;/em&gt; rhizome ethanolic extract showed the immunomodulatory activity at optimum dose of 800 mg/kg BW by the increasing of macrophage phagocytosis activity. Moreover, the extract was also practically non-toxic based on LD50 value.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1077</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ramadanil Pitopang&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; , Nadhirah Nur Azizah Lubis&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; , Mifthahul Jannah Tahapary&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; , Muhammad Sulaiman Zubair&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; , Puti Andalusia Sarigando Banilai&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt; , Nurhaeni3 , Ihwan&lt;sup&gt;2,&lt;/sup&gt;* &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics &amp;amp; Natural Sciences, Tadulako University, Palu 94117, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics &amp;amp; Natural Sciences, Tadulako University, Palu 94117, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics &amp;amp; Natural Sciences, Tadulako University, Palu 94117, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Postgraduate School, Magister Program of Epidemiology. Diponegoro University, Semarang 50241, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Salman Umar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nengsyih Putri Erman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Armenia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elsa Badriyya</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yufri Aldi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Activities of Pegagan Embun (Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam.) on TNF-α, Macrophages and Leukocytes Male White Mice Exposed by H5N1 Virus Antigens</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Immunomodulators</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leukocytes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leukocytes types</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Macrophages</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TNF-α</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April 2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">253-261</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction:&lt;/strong&gt; Pegagan embun (&lt;em&gt;Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides &lt;/em&gt;Lam.) has been known to have immunostimulatory activity, it can increase the activity and capacity of mice macrophage phagocytosis at optimum dose of 200 mg/kgbw. &lt;strong&gt;Aim:&lt;/strong&gt; This study aims to determine the activity of the ethanol extract of pegagan embun on TNF-α levels, total macrophages, total leukocytes, and percentage of leukocytes types. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Mice were divided into four groups, one group as control was given 0.5% Na CMC suspension, three groups were given pegagan embun extract at a dose of 10 mg/kgbw, 50 mg/kgbw and 200 mg/kgbw orally for 7 days. On the 8&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; day, all mice were induced with 0.3 mL H5N1 vaccine subcutaneously, then left for 24 hours. After 24 hours, the mice were sacrificed and then TNF-α levels, total macrophages, total leukocytes, and percentage of leukocytes types were determined. The research data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA (significance was taken at p&amp;lt;0.05) and continued with the Duncan test.&lt;strong&gt; Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The results showed that pegagan embun extract significantly reduce TNF-α levels and total macrophages, also significantly increase total leukocytes and percentage of leukocyte types in mice (p&amp;lt;0.05). Significant increases and decreases occurred on average at doses of 50 mg/kgbw and 200 mg/kgbw. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; Based on these results, it can be concluded that pegagan embun extract have immunomodulatory activity.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">01</style></accession-num><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">253</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Salman Umar*, Nengsyih Putri Erman, Armenia, Elsa Badriyya, Yufri Aldi&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;Faculty of Pharmacy, University Andalas, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
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