<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aktsar Roskiana Ahmad</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abd. Malik</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Selpida Handayani</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Iskandar Zulkarnain</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amliati A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nur Lailatulqadri</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mardatilla Mamas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antioxidant Activity of Senna (Senna alexandrina MILL.) Leaf Extracts</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antioxidant</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flavonoid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Senna leaf; Maceration; Phenolic</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December 2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1355-1358</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Senna leaf plant (Senna alexandrina Mill.) is empirically effective in treating several diseases. Senna leaves contain saponins, alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, phenols, sesquiterpenes, tannins, and phytosterols. This study aims to assess Senna leaf extract's antioxidant activity, flavonoid, and phenolic content (Senna alexandrina Mill.) with various extraction methods and solvent variations.&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;Read more . . .&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1355</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aktsar Roskiana Ahmad&lt;sup&gt;1,2*&lt;/sup&gt;, Abd. Malik&lt;sup&gt;1,2&lt;/sup&gt;, Selpida Handayani&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Iskandar Zulkarnain&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Amliati&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Nur Lailatulqadri&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Mardatilla Mamas&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Magister of Pharmacy, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Okram Ronibala Devi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lutrika Moirangthem</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ojit Singh Keithellakpam</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nanaocha Sharma</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kshetrimayum Birla Singh</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytochemical Screening and Evaluation of Antioxidant Potential in Euryale ferox Salisb. and Eupatorium birmanicum DC. of Manipur, India</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antioxidant</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flavonoid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Foxnut</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Northeast India</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phenol</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytochemical</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December 2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1231-1237</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Euryale ferox Salisb. popularly called “Foxnut” is a spiny aquatic plant locally named “Thangjing” in Manipur and is one of the most highly consumed aquatic crops while &lt;em&gt;Eupatorium birmanicum&lt;/em&gt; DC. locally named “Langthrei” is an endemic ethnomedicinal plant found in Manipur, India. &lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This study was carried out to examine the phytochemical content, evaluate the Total Phenolic Content (TPC), Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) and the in vitro antioxidant potential (DPPH and ABTS assays) in the seeds, arils of &lt;em&gt;E. ferox&lt;/em&gt; and leaves of &lt;em&gt;E. birmanicum.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Phytochemicals such as phenols, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids and steroids were detected from the plant samples studied. Among the samples, TPC was found in the range 21.95 ± 1.18 mgGAE/g ext to 119.80 ± 2.63 mgGAE/g ext while, TFC was recorded in the range 2.57 ± 0.07 mgQE/g ext to 7.27 ± 0.28 mgQE/g ext with the highest value of TPC and TFC in &lt;em&gt;E. ferox &lt;/em&gt;seeds. In case of DPPH and ABTS assays, the recorded IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; value were attained in the range 16.99 ± 0.49 μg/mL to 335.90 ± 2.19 μg/mL and 70.69 ± 1.83 μg/mL to 576.26 ± 4.41 μg/mL respectively with the lowest IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; value recorded in &lt;em&gt;E. ferox&lt;/em&gt; seeds. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/strong&gt; The results of our study revealed that seeds and arils of &lt;em&gt;E. ferox&lt;/em&gt; as well as leaves of &lt;em&gt;E. birmanicum &lt;/em&gt;contain a variety of phytochemicals and promising antioxidant activity which will contribute a scientific insight for exploration of their therapeutic potentials in the future.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1231</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Okram Ronibala Devi&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Lutrika Moirangthem&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Ojit Singh Keithellakpam&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Nanaocha Sharma&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Kshetrimayum Birla Singh&lt;sup&gt;1,*&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Zoology, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal, Manipur, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;²Department of Biochemistry, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal, Manipur, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;³Animal Bioresources Division, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Takyelpat, Imphal, Manipur, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rut Novalia Rahmawati Sianipar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Komar Sutriah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dyah Iswantini</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suminar Setiati Achmadi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inhibitory Capacity of Xanthine Oxidase in Antigout Therapy by Indonesian Medicinal Plants</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Competitive inhibition kinetics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flavonoid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gout</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Indonesia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xanthine Oxidase</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April 2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">470-479</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;The traditional medicine has been used in Indonesia since the days of the Ancient Mataram Kingdom (about 12 centuries ago). Indonesia is rich in medicinal plants. For this reason, it is necessary to inform the broader community regarding medicinal plants in Indonesia that have the potential as antigout. The prevalence of gout in Indonesia is in the range of 1.6−13.6 per 100,000 people and will increase with age. There are 25 species of Indonesian plants that have more than 50% xanthine oxidase (XO) enzyme inhibitory activity. XO is responsible for catalyzing hypoxanthine to xanthine then producing uric acid, accompanied by the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during catalysis. The magnitude of the inhibitory power to XO ranged from 50.00±1.16% to 97.53%. The lowest inhibitory power of 50.00±1.16% was in &lt;em&gt;Phaleria macrocarpa,&lt;/em&gt; while Orthosiphon aristatus had the highest inhibitory power of 97.53%. The major compounds that inhibit xanthine oxidase are flavonoids. The structural similarity of flavonoids in rings A and C with xanthine as a substrate causes hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonds, and van der Waals forces between flavonoids and XO. It means that flavonoids bind to the XO active site, thereby preventing the formation of uric acid. The type of inhibitory kinetics that occurs between flavonoids and XO is competitive inhibition. Five plants with competitive inhibition kinetics against XO are&lt;em&gt; Sida rhombifolia, Syzygium polyanthum, Cyperus rotundus, Ruellia tuberosa &lt;/em&gt;and &lt;em&gt;Phaleria macrocarpa.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Review Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">470</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rut Novalia Rahmawati Sianipar&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Komar Sutriah&lt;sup&gt;1,*&lt;/sup&gt;, Dyah Iswantini&lt;sup&gt;1,2,*&lt;/sup&gt;, Suminar Setiati Achmadi&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1,2&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor 16680, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, IPB University, Bogor 16128, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diah Dhianawaty</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nur Atik</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Resti Gradia Dwiwina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Iskandar Muda</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Preliminary Identification and Quantification of Four Secondary Metabolites, Total Tannin and Total Flavonoid Contents in Guava Fruit Ethanol Extract</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flavonoid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guava fruit</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psidium guajava</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tannin</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April 2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">350-357</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;The study on guava fruit ethanol extract from Dukuhwaluh Village, Purwokerto, Central Java, Indonesia showed increased megakaryocytes and platelet numbers in thrombocytopenic mice model. The study of acute oral toxicity of the extract did not show toxic effects in the kidney and liver at doses of 2000 and 5000 mg/kg b.w. The aim of the study was to determine the profile and quantity of four metabolite compounds and total tannin and flavonoid in the extract. &lt;strong&gt;Materials and Method&lt;/strong&gt;: gallic acid, ellagic acid, rutin and kaemferol in the extract were identified and quantified by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with column LiChroCART 250-4,6 RP 18E, isocratic mobile phases with the composition of mixture:0.1% acetic acid, acetonitrile and methanol (40:50:10) respectively, and at temperature 300C. The total tannin and flavonoid were determined using the by spectrophotometry method, Fe(III) chloride and 1.10-phenanthroline at wavelength 510 nm for tannin and aluminium chloride and rutin at wavelength 422 nm for flavonoid, respectively. &lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Percentage of gallic acid, ellagic acid, rutin and kaempferol were 0.77%, 1.37 %, 0.41 % and 0.35 %, respectively. Total tannin and flavonoid contents were 1.20% (TAE) and, 1.18% (RE) respectively. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion&lt;/strong&gt;: The guava fruit ethanol extract contained gallic acid, ellagic acid, rutin, kaempferol, tannin and flavonoid.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research Article </style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">350</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Diah Dhianawaty&lt;sup&gt;1,*&lt;/sup&gt;, Nur Atik&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Resti Gradia Dwiwina&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Iskandar Muda&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Diploma of Nursing Program, Faculty of Medicine, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, East Kalimantan, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Raden Anita Indriyanti</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eko Fuji Ariyanto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hermin Aminah Usman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ristaniah Rose Effendy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diah Dhianawaty</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quantification of total polyphenols and flavonoids, antioxidant activity, and Sinensetin and Imperatorin contents of Imperata cylindrica root ethanol extract</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antioxidant</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flavonoid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Imperata cylindrica</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polyphenol</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August 2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">327-337</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;Imperata cylindrica&lt;/em&gt;, commonly known as cogon grass, is currently widely distributed and used as a medicinal plant. The major compounds that have been isolated and identified are polyphenols and flavonoids, which have many biological activities such as antioxidant, and anticancer. Polyphenols and flavonoids are mostly found in the roots and leaves. This study aimed to perform phytochemical screening on &lt;em&gt;I. cylindrica&lt;/em&gt; root ethanol extract from Sragen, Central Java, Indonesia and determine the total polyphenol, flavonoid, antioxidant activity and quantify Sinensetin and Imperatorin contents of the extract.&lt;strong&gt; Method:&lt;/strong&gt; Quantification of all parameters were measured using visible spectrophotometric methods. Total polyphenol, total flavonoid contents, as well as antioxidant activity were measured using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, aluminum chloride reagent, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, respectively, and quantification of Sinensetin and Imperatorin were measured using High Performance Liquid Chromatography. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; I cylindrica&lt;/em&gt; root ethanol extract had a total polyphenol content of 1.109% gallic acid equivalent, total flavonoid content of 0.1% quercetin equivalent, and antioxidant activity IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; 824.30 μg/ml. Sinensetin and Imperatorin were also identified in Fractions 1 to 11 with concentrations of 0.0157 and 0.0178 mg/kg extract, respectively. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;I. cylindrica &lt;/em&gt;root ethanol extract from Sragen had active phytochemical compounds of polyphenols, flavonoids, and antioxidants as well as Sinensetin and Imperatorin.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article </style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></accession-num><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">327</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Raden Anita Indriyanti&lt;sup&gt;1,2*&lt;/sup&gt;, Eko Fuji Ariyanto&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Hermin Aminah Usman&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;, Ristaniah Rose Effendy&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;, Diah Dhianawaty&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Bandung Islamic University, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Doctoral Program in Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Department Pathology Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anita Kumari Tharu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mukti Ram Paudel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ananda Prakash Joshi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Laxman Bhandari</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hari Prasad Aryal</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Screening of Secondary Metabolites and Antioxidant Activity of Wild Edible Termite Mushroom</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DPPH assay</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flavonoid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phenolic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytochemical</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Termite mushroom</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April 2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">301-307</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;Wild edible mushrooms produce a variety of bioactive compounds that are known to have antioxidant properties. Natural antioxidants can protect against oxidative induced free radicals without any side effects. Thus, they are consumed by people for food and nutraceutical values. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the phytochemicals and antioxidant activity of three wild edible termite mushrooms (&lt;em&gt;Termitomyces albuminosus, T. eurhizus and T. robustus&lt;/em&gt;). Different phytochemicals were screened in the 50% ethanol, methanol and water extracts of three termite mushrooms. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by Folin-Ciocalteau and aluminium chloride method respectively. The antioxidant activity of three termite mushrooms was evaluated by DPPH assay. Qualitative screening of phytochemicals has revealed that alkaloid, steroid, fatty acid, flavonoid, saponin, tannin, carbohydrate and protein are found in the 50% ethanol, methanol and water extracts of three species of termite mushroom. A high amount of total phenolic and flavonoid content was found in the 50% ethanol extract of&lt;em&gt; T. albuminosus, T. eurhizus and T. robustus&lt;/em&gt; (TPC: 50.28, 54.56 and 57.63 mg GAE/g extract; TFC: 16.30, 18.43 and 18.80 mg QE/g extract respectively). Due to high phenolic and flavonoid content, 50% ethanol extract of three termite mushrooms has shown high antioxidant activity (i.e., lowest IC50: 710.00 - 714.05 μg/ml). These termite mushrooms have antioxidant properties due to the presence of bioactive secondary metabolites that can potentially be used as a source of natural antioxidants in the form of food and nutraceutical.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">301</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Anita Kumari Tharu&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Mukti Ram Paudel&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Ananda Prakash Joshi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Laxman Bhandari&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Hari Prasad Aryal&lt;sup&gt;1,*&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Central Department of Botany, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, NEPAL.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Ayshwarya Multiple Campus, Dhangadhi, KAILALI.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;National Medicines Laboratory, Department of Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Population, Kathmandu, NEPAL&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ayun Dwi Astuti</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Awaluddin Iwan Perdana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rosdiana Natzir</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhammad Nasrum Massi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Subehan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gemini Alam</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Compound Analysis and Genetic Study of Selected Plectranthus scutellarioides Varieties from Indonesia</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Coleus scutellarioides</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Densitometer</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flavonoid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FTIR</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GC-MS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RbcL.</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">November 2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1516-1526</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Plectranthus scutellarioides &lt;/em&gt;is one of medicinal plants in Indonesia, which has several hundred varieties but only one is known by local people as medicine. &lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; Six varieties of &lt;em&gt;Plectranthus scutellarioides &lt;/em&gt;were analyzed for their total flavonoid content, chemical compound, and moleculer genetic. &lt;strong&gt;Methods&lt;/strong&gt;: TFCs were analyzed using AlCl3 colorimetric method, chemical compounds were identified using TLC-scanning densitometer, GC-MS, and FTIR, moleculer genetic were observed using DNA barcoding rbcL gene. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The TFCs of &lt;em&gt;trailing psycholeus,&lt;/em&gt; and flamingo varieties were higher than the other varieties. TLC-scanner densitometer showed that color &lt;em&gt;blaze dark star,&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;trailing psycholeus&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;trailing&lt;/em&gt; queen had similar profiles, as did &lt;em&gt;beale street, trailing &lt;/em&gt;rose, and flamingo. The GCMS results showed notable difference in &lt;em&gt;trailing psycholeus&lt;/em&gt; and trailing queen which have 2-oleoylglycerol and 9(E),11(E)-conjugated linoleic acid in larger amounts than others, respectively. Multivariate analysis of the FTIR spectra showed the closeness of all varieties, except for &lt;em&gt;beale street &lt;/em&gt;which had the lowest similarity with the others. Despite that, genetic studies using the rbcL gene and comparing the results with the &lt;em&gt;P. scutellarioides&lt;/em&gt; gene in the database (MW538954.1) showed&lt;em&gt; beale street&lt;/em&gt; was the most similar (99.52%). The phylogenetic analysis showed that &lt;em&gt;beale street&lt;/em&gt; and&lt;em&gt; trailing psycholeus&lt;/em&gt; have the highest similarity among others.&lt;strong&gt; Conclusions&lt;/strong&gt;: There is a slight difference in chemical composition between varieties as well as the genetic. Therefore, quality control or standardisation is needed in the use of this plant as a traditional medicine.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1516</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ayun Dwi Astuti&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Awaluddin Iwan Perdana&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Rosdiana Natzir&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Muhammad Nasrum Massi&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;, Subehan&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;, Gemini Alam&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;,*&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Medicinal Science, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, State Islamic University- Alauddin, Gowa 92118, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacognosy- Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xuan Phong Pham</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tran Thi Tuyet Nhung</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hoai Nam Trinh</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Do Minh Trung</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dang Truong Giang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Binh Duong Vu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nguyen Trọng Diep</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nguyen Van Long</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Van Thu Nguyen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chu Van Men</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Isolation and Structural Characterization of Compounds from Blumea lacera</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asteraceae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blumea lacera</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Column chromatography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flavonoid</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">July 2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">999-1004</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;The medicinal plants consider as a rich resource of ingredients which can be used in drug development and synthesis. Blumea lacera (Burm. f.) DC. is generally used in traditional medicine for the treatment of cough, bronchitis, dysentery, wound healing. The aim of this study is to isolate and identify the compounds from the aerial parts of Blumea lacera. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; The aerial parts of B. lacera were dried, powdered and extracted using EtOH, and the concentrated extract was partitioned in succession with n-hexane, CH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;Cl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, and EtOAc. From the EtOAc fraction, the compounds were isolated through column chromatography and their chemical structures were elucidated by NMR spectroscopy and confirmed by comparison of their NMR data with literature data. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Repeated column chromatography of the EtOAc-soluble fraction from the aerial parts of B. lacera resulted in the isolation of β-sitosterol (1), campesterol (2), artemetin (3) and acid paracatechuic (4).&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">999</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Xuan Phong Pham&lt;sup&gt;1,&lt;/sup&gt;#, Tran Thi Tuyet Nhung&lt;sup&gt;1,&lt;/sup&gt;#, Hoai Nam Trinh&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Do Minh Trung&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;, Dang Truong Giang&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Binh Duong Vu&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Nguyen Trọng Diep&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Nguyen Van Long&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Van Thu Nguyen&lt;sup&gt;3,&lt;/sup&gt;*, Chu Van Men&lt;sup&gt;4,&lt;/sup&gt;*&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Military Institute of Traditional Medicine, 442 Kim Giang, Hoang Mai, Ha Noi, VIETNAM.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;The Drug R&amp;amp;D Center, Vietnam Military Medical University, 160 Phung Hung, Ha Dong, Hanoi, VIETNAM.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Institute of Pharmaceutical Education, Vietnam Military Medical University, 160 Phung Hung, Ha Dong, Hanoi, VIETNAM.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam Military Medical University, 160 Phung Hung, Ha Dong, Hanoi, VIETNAM.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nadilla N Atikasari</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhammad Hanafi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Berna Elya</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arginase Inhibitory, Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenolic Content and Total Flavonoid Content of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Caesalpiniaturtuosa Roxb Stem Bark</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antioxidant</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arginase</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Caesalpiniaturtuosa Roxb</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flavonoid</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March 2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">227-231</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;The purpose of this study is to investigate arginase inhibition, antioxidant activity, total phenolic content and total flavonoid content of ethyl acetate extract of &lt;em&gt;Caesalpiniaturtuosa &lt;/em&gt;Roxb. &lt;strong&gt;Material and method: &lt;/strong&gt;stem bark of &lt;em&gt;Caesalpiniaturtuosa &lt;/em&gt;Roxb was extracted using hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol subsequently. The ethyl acetate extract was fractioned. Then, the fractions were subjected to arginase inhibition, antioxidant activity, total phenolic content and total flavonoid assay. Correlation was considered by statistical analysis. &lt;strong&gt;Result: &lt;/strong&gt;Out of eight fractions, two fractions have no activity. Two fractions (3 and 6) have strong activity in arginase with inhibition 90.72 % and 91.41% respectively. Fraction 3 and 6 have strong antioxidant activity with IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; 25.98 μg/mL and 48.01 μg/mL respectively. Statistical analysis shows arginase inhibitor activity was not related with antioxidant activity, total phenolic content and total flavonoid content in this plant. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; Activity in arginase inhibition of fraction from ethyl acetate extract of &lt;em&gt;Caesalpiniaturtuosa &lt;/em&gt;Roxb are not related to antioxidant, total phenolic and flavonoid content.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">227</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nadilla N. Atikasari&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Muhammad Hanafi&lt;sup&gt;2,3&lt;/sup&gt;, Berna Elya&lt;sup&gt;1,&lt;/sup&gt;* &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Research Center for Chemistry Indonesian Institute of Science (LIPI), Serpong, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Faculty of Pharmacy, Pancasila University, Jakarta, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Norhafizoh Abdul Somat</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zaini Yusoff</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Che Puteh Osman</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemical Constituents from Diospyros discolor Willd. and their Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activity</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acetylcholinesterase</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ebenaceae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flavonoid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Triterpenes</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">November 2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1547-1551</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Diospyros discolor&lt;/em&gt; is commonly known as ‘buah mentega’ and traditionally used to treat various diseases. Many compounds especially triterpenes in &lt;em&gt;Diospyros&lt;/em&gt; sp. were reported to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase enzymes &lt;em&gt;in vitro &lt;/em&gt;and &lt;em&gt;in vivo.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;D. discolor &lt;/em&gt;was reported to contain triterpenes, yet to be investigated for their AChE inhibitory activity. &lt;em&gt;D. discolor&lt;/em&gt; leaves extract showed high (95.80 ± 1.57 %) AChE inhibitory activity at the concentration of 100 μg/mL. &lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; The aim of the present study is to identify chemical constituents from &lt;em&gt;D. discolor &lt;/em&gt;and their AChE inhibitory activity. &lt;strong&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; The leaves and stem barks of &lt;em&gt;D. discolor&lt;/em&gt; were air dried, powdered and successively extracted using n-hexane, dichloromethane and methanol. The solvents were evaporated to obtain dried crude extracts. The compounds were purified using exhaustive chromatographic procedures and their structures were determined by analyses of spectral data. The AChE inhibitory activity was carried out using Ellman’s method. &lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A new flavonol, 7,4’-dihydroxy-5,3’,5’-trimethoxyflavonol &lt;strong&gt;(1)&lt;/strong&gt;, along with five known flavonoids &lt;strong&gt;(2-6)&lt;/strong&gt; and six known triterpenes &lt;strong&gt;(7-13)&lt;/strong&gt; were isolated from the leaves and stem barks of &lt;em&gt;D. discolor. &lt;/em&gt;Selected compounds were evaluated for AChE inhibitory activity, in which stigmast-4-ene- 3-one &lt;strong&gt;(7)&lt;/strong&gt; showed the lowest inhibition concentration with an IC&lt;sub&gt;50 &lt;/sub&gt;value of 11.77 ± 2.11 μM. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; A new flavonol &lt;strong&gt;(1) &lt;/strong&gt;and twelve known compounds were identified and characterized. Even though &lt;em&gt;D. discolor&lt;/em&gt; extracts showed high percent inhibition against AChE enzyme, the isolated compounds showed moderate inhibition.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6s</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1547</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Norhafizoh Abdul Somat&lt;sup&gt;1,2&lt;/sup&gt;, Zaini Yusoff&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Che Puteh Osman&lt;sup&gt;1,2,&lt;/sup&gt;* &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, MALAYSIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, MALAYSIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Perlis, Kampus Arau, 02600 Arau, Perlis, MALAYSIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ika Aulia Rahmi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mahdi Jufri</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abdul Mun’im</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Extraction of Quercetin from Nothopanax scutellarium Leaves via Ionic Liquid-based Microwave-assisted Extraction</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flavonoid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Green extraction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Green technology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ionic liquid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mangkokan Leaf</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">November 2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1512-1517</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Nothopanax scutellarium&lt;/em&gt; leaves have been used in Indonesian traditional medicine to treat several diseases. Previous studies used conventional extraction methods with large volumes of organic solvents, long extraction times, and low levels of quercetin content. This study was aimed to identify the optimal solvent among different ionic liquids that has the highest quercetin content. &lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Ionic liquids including 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate, and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, for extracting quercetin from&lt;em&gt; N. scutellarium&lt;/em&gt; leaves using microwave-assisted extraction under the following conditions: ratio, 1:10; operation time, 10 min; and power, 10 W. Then, quercetin was fractionated using ethyl acetate and separated using 0.01 mol/L sodium bocarbonate, dipotassium phosphate or sodium cloride. The total flavonoid content was determined using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer, and quercetin content was determined using HPLC. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Extraction with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride using NaCl as the separation salt was associated with the highest total flavonoid (360.57 mg/g) content among the ILs, whereas 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate combined with sodium chloride generated the highest quercetin content (26.13 mg/g). &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate is the optimal solvent for extracting quercetin from &lt;em&gt;N. scutellarium &lt;/em&gt;leaves.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6s</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1512</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ika Aulia Rahmi&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Mahdi Jufri&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Abdul Mun’im&lt;sup&gt;3,&lt;/sup&gt;*&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Graduate Program of Herbal, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department Pharmaceutical Technology and Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kesaktian Manurung</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Delmi Sulastri</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nasrul Zubir</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Syafruddin Ilyas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In silico Anticancer Activity and in vitro Antioxidant of Flavonoids in Plectranthus amboinicus</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anticancer</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antioxidant</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flavonoid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">in silico</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">in vitro</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">November 2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1573-1577</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Plectranthus amboinicus&lt;/em&gt; (Lour.) Spreng is a plant that has a high flavonoid content. The leaves of &lt;em&gt;Plectranthus amboinicus&lt;/em&gt; (Lour.) Spreng contain many flavonoids Chrysoeriol, Cirsimaritin, Eriodictyol, Luteolin, Rutin, Salvigenin, Thymoquinone, Quercetin, Apigenin, and 5-O-Methyl-Luteolin. &lt;strong&gt;Objectives:&lt;/strong&gt; To determine the antioxidant activity and anticancer activity of flavonoid compounds contained in &lt;em&gt;Plectranthus amboinicus&lt;/em&gt; (Lour.) Spreng. &lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Anticancer activity testing was carried out by in silico against several cancer receptors and antioxidant activity testing was carried out by in vitro using the 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picryhydrazil method. The results showed that the flavonoid compounds contained in &lt;em&gt;Plectranthus amboinicus&lt;/em&gt; (Lour.) Spreng have similar anticancer activity to the reference molecule at the P-Glycoprotein-1, Cyclin Dependent Kinase-2, and Phosphoinositide-3-Kinase receptors, as well as better anticancer activity than the reference molecule for the Cyclooxygenase-2 and Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase receptors. &lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The antioxidant activity of the extract gave an Inhibitory Concentration 50% value of 9.77 μg/mL, the flavonoid compounds contained in &lt;em&gt;Plectranthus amboinicus &lt;/em&gt;(Lour.) Spreng gave an Inhibitory Concentration 50% value that lower than the extract, which ranged from 6.92 μg/mL to 8.50 μg/mL. Flavonoids in &lt;em&gt;Plectranthus amboinicus&lt;/em&gt; (Lour.) Spreng anticancer activity by in silico molecular docking and antioxidant activity by in vitro 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picryhydrazil method.&lt;strong&gt; Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;All the flavonoid compounds contained in the ethanolic extract of&lt;em&gt; Plectranthus amboinicus &lt;/em&gt;(Lour.) Spreng leaves exhibit very strong anti-cancer and antioxidant activity, which results in ethanolic extract of&lt;em&gt; Plectranthus amboinicus &lt;/em&gt;(Lour.) Spreng leaves have very strong antioxidant activity.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6s</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1573</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Kesaktian Manurung&lt;sup&gt;1,2&lt;/sup&gt;, Delmi Sulastri&lt;sup&gt;3,&lt;/sup&gt;*, Nasrul Zubir&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Syafruddin Ilyas&lt;sup&gt;4 &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Limau Manis, Pauh, Padang, Sumatera Barat 25163, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Sari Mutiara Indonesia University, Helvetia Tengah, Medan Helvetia, Medan, Sumatera Utara 20124, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Limau Manis, Pauh, Padang, Sumatera Barat 25176, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Sciences, Sumatera Utara University, Padang Bulan, Medan Baru, Medan, Sumatera Utara 20155, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aina Akmal Mohd Noor</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Siti Nurul Najiha Othman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pei Teng Lum</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shankar Mani</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mohd Farooq Shaikh</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mahendran Sekar</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molecules of Interest – Karanjin – A Review</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flavonoid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karanja</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karanjin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pongam oil tree</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pongamia pinnata</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June 2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">938-945</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;At the present time, several plants are largely contributing to the medical field due to its valuable use. Scientific evidence generated with their special inherent compounds gave more confidence to the scientific community. &lt;em&gt;Pongamia pinnata&lt;/em&gt; (Linn.) is an Indian native plant and well exploited in Ayurvedic medicinal system. Concurrently, a few pieces of scientific research have been done to prove the therapeutic activity of this medicinal plant. The medicinal properties of this plant are most likely due to its principal active compound, karanjin. As a molecule of interest, karanjin is an antioxidant and also exerts other biological benefits. Karanjin has also been recognized to be used in agricultural and environmental management other than medicinal purposes. &lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;This review aimed to provide a brief information on the chemical and biological properties of karanjin along with its traditional uses. It is also discusses the scientific evidences available for its various biological properties. &lt;strong&gt;Materials and Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Various databases such as Google, Google Scholar Scopus, Web of Science, Pubmed had been searched and the data was obtained. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The chemistry and reported biological properties of karanjin were highlighted. Karanjin revealed antidiabetic, anticancer, antioxidant, gastroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and anti-Alzheimer's activities, and thus has several possible applications in clinical research. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Therefore, further research may help in exploiting its properties and emergent phytopharmaceuticals based on it.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Review Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">938</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aina Akmal Mohd Noor&lt;sup&gt;1,2&lt;/sup&gt;, Siti Nurul Najiha Othman&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Pei Teng Lum&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Shankar Mani&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Mohd. Farooq Shaikh&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;, Mahendran Sekar&lt;sup&gt;1,&lt;/sup&gt;* &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh - 30450, Perak, MALAYSIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, MALAYSIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sri Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy, Adichunchanagiri University, BG Nagara, Nagamangala, Mandya - 571418, Karnataka, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Neuropharmacology Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, MALAYSIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhaimin Muhaimin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yusnaidar Yusnaidar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wilda Syahri</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Madyawati Latief</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Riski Dwimalida Putri</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andita Utami</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anis Yohana Chaerunisaa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andreas Yoga Aditama</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Josephine Elizabeth Siregar</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antiplasmodial Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Macaranga Gigantea Leaf and Its Major Constituent</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antiplasmodial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ex vivo</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flavonoid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Macaranga gigantea</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plasmodium berghei</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October 2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1181-1188</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;This research main goal is to study the antiplasmodial activity of &lt;em&gt;Macaranga gigantea&lt;/em&gt; leaf ethanolic extract and its major components on malaria parasites using &lt;em&gt;ex vivo&lt;/em&gt; model. &lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This study was conducted by extraction of&lt;em&gt; M. gigantea&lt;/em&gt; leaves using ethanol and isolation of its major constituent. The extract and isolate were tested &lt;em&gt;ex vivo &lt;/em&gt;on Balb-C mice’s blood after i.p. administration of &lt;em&gt;Plasmodium berghei &lt;/em&gt;strain ANKA. Antiplasmodial activity was observed from mice blood treated by various concentration of either extract or isolate and the parasitaemia percentage were determined by calculating infected blood cell after 24 h of the treatment. It is expressed as decreased of parasitaemia levels and percent of inhibition. Qualitative analysis of active fraction were tested by HPLC method. Chemical structure of isolate were characterized by using UV, IR,&lt;sup&gt; 1&lt;/sup&gt;H-NMR,&lt;sup&gt; 13&lt;/sup&gt;C-NMR and MS spectrophotometry. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Ex vivo &lt;/em&gt;antiplasmodial study gave the percent inhibition as much as 92.1; 85.7; 64.1; 41.5 and 21.7% at extract concentrations of 300, 100, 30, 10 and 3 μg/ mL respectively. The IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; values of the extract was 27.1 μg/ml. With respect to the percent of inhibition, at the same concentration, the isolate showed activity as much as 70.2; 62.5; 39.1; 21.7 and 10.8%. The IC&lt;sub&gt;50 &lt;/sub&gt;value of the isolate was 60.2 μg/ml. At the same concentration with extract and Isolate, Pyrimethamine as positive control gave percent inhibition of 94; 87.5; 44.8; 15.; and 12%, with IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; of 31.4 μg/ml. The results showed that major constituent of &lt;em&gt;M. gigantea&lt;/em&gt; leaves is flavonoid. HPLC analysis using a photo diode-array detector showed that the active fraction have same retention time with that of apigenin as standard. Based on instrumental analysis data and compared with literature, a flavonoid derivate known as apigenin can be said has been isolated.&lt;strong&gt; Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; It can be concluded that either &lt;em&gt;M. gigantea&lt;/em&gt; leaves extract or isolated active constituent known as apigenin have potent antiplasmodial property.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1181</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Muhaimin Muhaimin&lt;sup&gt;1,2&lt;/sup&gt;,*, Yusnaidar Yusnaidar&lt;sup&gt;1,2&lt;/sup&gt;, Wilda Syahri&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Madyawati Latief&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Riski Dwimalida Putri&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Andita Utami&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Anis Yohana Chaerunisaa&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Andreas Yoga Aditama&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;, Josephine Elizabeth Siregar&lt;sup&gt;4 &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Education, University of Jambi, Jambi, 36361, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Jambi, Jambi, 36361, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, 45363, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Mitochondria and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, 10430, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stefandi J Wijaya</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arry Yanuar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rosita Handayani</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rezi Riadhi Syahdi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In silico Analysis of Flavonoid Glycosides and its Aglycones as Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flavonoid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Glycosides</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HIV</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molecular docking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reverse transcriptase</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October 2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1252-1255</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; HIV continues to be a major global public health issue, having claimed more than 35 million lives so far. In 2016, 1 million people died from HIV-related causes globally. HIV-1 reverse transcriptase is one of HIV’s vital enzymes for virus reproduction. If the enzyme is inhibited, the virus multiplication could be significantly decreased. There are currently many treatments for HIV, but more effective treatment is always needed because of the possibility of drug resistance and side effects for long-term use. Based on the previous study, there are some natural compounds with high affinity to the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase enzyme. Some of these compounds are flavonoid glycosides. &lt;strong&gt;Aims and Method:&lt;/strong&gt; This study was aimed to learn more about &lt;em&gt;in silico&lt;/em&gt; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitory activities of flavonoid glycosides using docking method. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The results showed that the most recommended flavonoid glycosides are those with the lowest binding energy, which were kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside, myricetin-3-O-rhamnoside and quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside. This was due to the interactions of all three flavonoid rings and sugar moiety with key amino acid residues, which were Leu100, Lys101, Glu138, Tyr181, His235 and Tyr318. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Flavonoid glycosides with rhamnose as glycone showed lower binding energy on HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1252</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Stefandi J Wijaya, Arry Yanuar, Rosita Handayani, Rezi Riadhi Syahdi* &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Srinivasa Naidu Parijatham Kanchana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agnel Arul John Nayagam</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sandra Horta</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognostic Profile of Root and Stem of Indigofera Tirunelvelica Sanjappa</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alkaloid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flavonoid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Indigofera tirunelvelica Sanjappa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Root</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stem</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">November 2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1580-1586</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;The focus on herbal plants as medicine is increasing rapidly because of their efficacy and less side effects. The medicinal plants are great alternative as they are renewable and non exhaustive resources. In India these medicinal plants have been part of the people’s life dating back from centuries. &lt;strong&gt;Objectives:&lt;/strong&gt; The present study is aimed to evaluate anatomical characterization of stem and root of &lt;em&gt;Indigofera tirunelvelica&lt;/em&gt; Sanjappa for the first time which can be used in the identification and standardisation of &lt;em&gt;Indigofera tirunelvelica&lt;/em&gt; Sanjappa. &lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The stem and root of the plant were evaluated for their microscopic features. In that histochemical localisation of secondary metabolites and transverse section of stem and root were studied. The histochemical localisation result reveals the presence of terpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids and lignin were found in epidermal, cortical and xylem regions of the stem. Alkaloids, Terpenoids, phenols and lignin were found in the different areas of root. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;The present study thus emphasis the potentiality of the plant as a drug.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6s</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1580</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Srinivasa Naidu Parijatham Kanchana&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Agnel Arul John Nayagam&lt;sup&gt;2,&lt;/sup&gt;*, Sandra Horta&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biochemistry, St, Francis College for Women (Autonomous), Hyderabad, Telangana, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;PG and research Department of Biochemistry, Srimad Andavan Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, St, Francis College for Women (Autonomous), Hyderabad, Telangana, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Messan Koffi Adjogblé</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Batomayena Bakoma</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kossi Metowogo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kodjovi Dotsè Amouzou</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yao Potchoo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kwashie Eklu-gadegbeku</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kodjo A Aklikokou</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Menssanvi Gbeassor</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognostic Studies and Artemisinin Content of Artemisia Annua L. Grown in Togo</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Artemisia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Artemisinin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flavonoid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognostic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Total Phenols</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October 2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1331-1335</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Artemisia annua &lt;/em&gt;grown in Togo is used as an antimalaria drug. The present study shows a detailed analysis of pharmacognostic evaluation of leaf powder and root that will be used for the purpose of identification, authentication, and consequent standardization. &lt;strong&gt;Materials and Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Both the leaf and root were evaluated for their macroscopic and microscopic features. The physicochemical parameters of the leaf powder and its phytochemical screening were done based on its total phenols and flavonoïd content. Artemisinin content was also performed using weigh method after extraction. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Physicochemical evaluation yielded water, alcohol, acetone, methanol, chloroform, and petroleum ether soluble extractive values which are 2.25%, 1.25%, 4.22%, 8.12% and 3.77% (w/w), respectively. Fluorescence analysis imparted characteristic colors to the leaf powder when observed under visible, UV light 254 and 365 nm. Phytochemical screening of leaf powder showed the presence of alkaloïds, flavonoïd, and anthracene derivatives. Total phenols and flavonoïd content were 32.5 ± 0.67 mEq Gallic Acid/100 mg and 11.3 ± 1.52. mgEq Quercetin/100 mg, respectively. Artemisinin content value was 0.009% (w/w). &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; Various pharmacognostic parameters which were evaluated assisted in identification and standardization of &lt;em&gt;A. annua &lt;/em&gt;leaf in powder and crude form.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1331</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Messan Koffi Adjogblé&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Batomayena Bakoma&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;,*, Kossi Metowogo&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, David Amouzou&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Yao Potchoo&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Kwashie Eklu-gadegbeku&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Kodjo A. Aklikokou&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Menssanvi Gbeassor&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lomé, Po Box: 1515 Lomé, TOGO.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Laboratory of Physiology/Pharmacology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lomé, Po Box: 1515 Lomé, TOGO.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;House of Artemisia Biodélice, Achanvé Tsévié, TOGO.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ladachart Taepongsorat</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Surapong Rattana</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antioxidant Activities of Ethanolic and Aqueous Extracts of Asparagus racemosus Roots</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">antioxidant activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asparagus racemosus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flavonoid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phenolic compound</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August 2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1129-1132</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Asparagus racemosus&lt;/em&gt; (AR) is commonly known as shatavari, satawar or satmuli in India and in Thailand it is call sam-sib or rak-sam-sib. The dried root of AR is used in Ayurveda as an antiulcerous and antiinflammatory and has medicinal/pharmacological value. &lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; To investigate the antioxidant activities of &lt;em&gt;Asparagus racemosus&lt;/em&gt; root extracts via total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of ethanolic and aqueous extracts. Methods: Antioxidant capacity measurements were carried out by DPPH, ABTS and FRAP methods. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method and the aluminum chloride colorimetric method, respectively. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The ethanolic extract possessed higher antioxidant capacities than the aqueous extract in the three antioxidant assays (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;&amp;lt;0.05).These results have shown high phenolic and flavonoid contents. The ethanolic extract of AR root possessed higher amounts of phenolic and flavonoid contents than the aqueous extract.&lt;strong&gt; Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; The antioxidant capacity of the ethanolic extract was higher than that in the aqueous extract.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1129</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ladachart Taepongsorat&lt;sup&gt;1,*&lt;/sup&gt;, Surapong Rattana&lt;sup&gt;2, 3 &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44000, THAILAND.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Natural Products Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44150, THAILAND.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Division of Science Education, Faculty of Education, Nakhon Phanom University, Nakhon Phanom 48000, THAILAND.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Siti Nur Dalila Mohd Zain</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wan Adnan Wan Omar</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenolic Content and Total Flavonoid Content of Water and Methanol Extracts of Phyllanthus species from Malaysia</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ABTS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DPPH</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flavonoid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phenolic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phyllanthus</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June 2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://fulltxt.org/article/649</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">677-681</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aims:&lt;/strong&gt; The effects of 2 types of solvents, water and methanol were investigated to determine the presence of antioxidant activity, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) from three &lt;em&gt;Phyllanthus&lt;/em&gt; species namely, &lt;em&gt;Phyllanthus urinaria, Phyllanthus niruri &lt;/em&gt;and &lt;em&gt;Phyllanthus debilis&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Materials&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;and&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; The antioxidant activities were measured using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,20- azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) assays. The chemical contents of the &lt;em&gt;Phyllanthus&lt;/em&gt; sp. were presented as total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC).&lt;strong&gt; Statistical analysis used:&lt;/strong&gt; All statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS for Windows, Version 22. All data were presented as mean &amp;plusmn; standard deviation. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Our result showed that &lt;em&gt;P. urinaria &lt;/em&gt;showed higher TPC, followed by &lt;em&gt;P. debilis &lt;/em&gt;and &lt;em&gt;P. niruri &lt;/em&gt;for both methanol and water extracts. Similarly, &lt;em&gt;P. urinaria&lt;/em&gt; showed higher TFC than &lt;em&gt;P. debilis &lt;/em&gt;and &lt;em&gt;P. niruri.&lt;/em&gt; The antioxidant activity by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrydydrazyl (DPPH) assay showed EC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; of samples ranged from 15.8 to 29.3 &amp;mu;g/mL for methanol extract and 33.5 to 73.0 &amp;mu;g/mL for water extract. The 2,20- azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline- 6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) assay showed EC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; ranges which were from 11.2 to 26.0 &amp;mu;g/mL for methanol extract and 13.5 to 37.4 &amp;mu;g/mL for water extract. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; Methanol extract showed higher TPC, TFC value and lower EC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; values for antioxidant activities when compared to water extract. In both methanol and water extracts, &lt;em&gt;P. urinaria&lt;/em&gt; had higher TPC and TFC value and lower EC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; for both DPPH and ABTS assay followed by &lt;em&gt;P. debilis &lt;/em&gt;and&lt;em&gt; P. niruri.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">677</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Siti Nur Dalila Mohd Zain, Wan Adnan Wan Omar &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia,&amp;nbsp;Kepala Batas, Penang, MALAYSIA.&lt;/div&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rini Prastiwi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Berna Elya</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rani Sauriasari</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhammad Hanafi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yesi Desmiaty</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arginase Inhibitory, Antioxidant Activity and Pharmacognosy Study of Sterculia macrophylla Vent. Leaves</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antioxidant</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arginase</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flavonoid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognostical</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sterculia macrophylla</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August 2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1109-1113</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; The purpose of this study was to investigate the arginase inhibitory activity, antioxidant activity, and also pharmacognostical study of &lt;em&gt;Sterculia macrophylla&lt;/em&gt; leaves. The main component of genus &lt;em&gt;Sterculia&lt;/em&gt; was flavonoid that was well known to demonstrate arginase inhibitory activity. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Sample was extracted gradually using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol solvents, subsequently. The n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extract were determined for their arginase inhibitory activity. The most active extract was methanol extract. This extract was determined for its antioxidant activity, arginase inhibitory activity, identification of chemical compound, chromatogram profile and determined the content of total flavonoid. The leaves and powder of &lt;em&gt;Sterculia macrophylla&lt;/em&gt; were identified with microscopic and macroscopic evaluation. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The most active extract was methanol extract with IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; 114,659 &amp;mu;g/mL for arginase inhibitory activity and IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; 78.47 &amp;mu;g/mL for DPPH scavenging activity. The secondary metabolite of methanol extract presence compound of alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin, terpene, and glycoside. The total flavonoid content was 141.10 mg/gram extract. The star-shape trichoma was identified as a specific fragment. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; The methanol extract of &lt;em&gt;Sterculia macrophylla&lt;/em&gt; showed activity as arginase inhibitor and antioxidant.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1109</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rini Prastiwi&lt;sup&gt;1,2&lt;/sup&gt;, Berna Elya&lt;sup&gt;1,&lt;/sup&gt;*, Rani Sauriasari&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Muhammad Hanafi&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;, Yesi Desmiaty&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacognosy- Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Universities Indonesia, Depok 16424, West Java, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacognosy- Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Science Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka University, 1340 Jakarta, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy Indonesia University, Depok 16424, West Java, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Research Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of Science, Serpong (LIPI) INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacognosy- Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Pancasila, Depok, West Java, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Catty Amalia Yaricsha</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rissyelly</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Katrin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ACE Inhibitory Activity, Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Content of Watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.) Extract</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ACE inhibitor</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flavonoid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phenolic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.)</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February 2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://phcogj.com/fulltext/309</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">249-251</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction:&lt;/strong&gt; Hypertension is the main risk factor for cardiovascular disease. There are many developed antihypertension drugs, one of them is focusing in ACE (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme) inhibition activity. ACE inhibition activity known can decrease vasoconstriction effect and also can decrease bradykinin degradation (vasodilator) by creating NO (nitric oxide). &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; In this study, we conducted an &lt;em&gt;in vitro&lt;/em&gt; ACE inhibition activity test which was obtained from watercress on 70% ethanolic extract and each fraction (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol). &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Results of the study showed that ethanolic extract of watercress had ACE activity with IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; value was 19.05 &lt;em&gt;&amp;mu;&lt;/em&gt;g/mL and the highest IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; of each fraction is ethyl acetate with IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; value was 2,303 &lt;em&gt;&amp;mu;&lt;/em&gt;g/ mL. n-butanol fraction had the highest total phenolic content with 15.798 mg GAE/g of the extract, while the highest total flavonoid content was obtained on ethyl acetate fraction with 82.847 mg QE/g of the extract. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; The results suggest that Watercress (&lt;em&gt;Nasturtium officinale&lt;/em&gt; R. Br.) possess ACE inhibitory activity.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">249</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Catty Amalia Yaricsha, Rissyelly*, Katrin &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Department of Pharmacognosy- Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus Baru UI Depok 16424, Depok, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sarlina Jihan Lusiyanti</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Katrin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rissyelly</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nuraini Puspitasari</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Putu Gita Maya Widyaswari Mahayasih</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ACE Inhibitory Activity, Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Content of Pereskia saccharose Griseb. Leaves Extract</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ACE inhibitor</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flavonoid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pereskia saccharose Griseb</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phenolic</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February 2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://phcogj.com/fulltext/316</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">285-287</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction:&lt;/strong&gt; Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) are drugs that can control hypertension. &lt;em&gt;Pereskia saccharose&lt;/em&gt; Griseb. leaves have been used traditionally as antihypertensive. &lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; The objective of this study was to determine the antihypertensive activity through inhibition of ACE activity, the total phenolic content and total flavonoid content of the ethanolic extract of &lt;em&gt;Pereskia saccharose&lt;/em&gt; Griseb. leaves and its fractions. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Extraction was done by maceration with 80% ethanol and fractionation performed by liquid-liquid partition. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;In vitro&lt;/em&gt; ACE inhibitory activity assay of the ethanolic extract using ACE Kit-WST Dojindo had IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; value of 3.448 &amp;mu;g/mL and ethyl acetate fraction had IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; value of 1.714 x 10-3 &amp;mu;g/mL. Ethyl acetate contained the highest amounts of both TPC (72.991 &amp;plusmn; 0.932 mg GAE/g sample) and TFC (61.337 &amp;plusmn; 1.612 mg QE/g sample). &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; The results suggest that &lt;em&gt;Pereskia saccharose&lt;/em&gt; Griseb. possess ACE inhibitory activity.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">285</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sarlina Jihan Lusiyanti, Katrin, Rissyelly*, Nuraini Puspitasari &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Department of Pharmacognosy- Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus Baru UI Depok 16424, Depok, INDONESIA.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amalia Cipta Sari</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Berna Elya</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Katrin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antioxidant Activity and Lipoxygenase Enzyme Inhibition Assay with Total Flavonoid Assay of Garcinia porrecta Laness. Stem Bark Extracts</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antioxidant</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flavonoid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FRAP</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garcinia porrecta Laness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lipoxygenase</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February 2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://phcogj.com/fulltext/311</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">257-266</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction:&lt;/strong&gt; The genus &lt;em&gt;Garcinia&lt;/em&gt; which is rich of secondary metabolites, mainly flavonoids, have known to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity through the inhibition of lipoxygenase. There isn&amp;rsquo;t found literature indicating research on inhibition of lipoxygenase activity been done in this plant. The purpose of this study is to obtain the data and determine the potential antioxidant activity, and inhibition of lipoxygenase activity of &lt;em&gt;Garcinia porrecta&lt;/em&gt; Laness. stem bark extracts. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; This research is included FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) method antioxidant assay, &lt;em&gt;in vitro&lt;/em&gt; lipoxygenase inhibition assay, flavonoids qualitative analysis by thin layer chromatography, and total flavonoids assay in the most active extract. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The results showed the methanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts of &lt;em&gt;G. porrecta&lt;/em&gt; Laness. stem bark using FRAP method, has antioxidant activity with EC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; values respectively 1.33; 4.97; and 19.96 &lt;em&gt;&amp;mu;&lt;/em&gt;g/mL and lipoxygenase inhibition activity with IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; values 0.23; 0.52; and 4.87 &lt;em&gt;&amp;mu;&lt;/em&gt;g/mL. The most active extract in the both assay is methanol extract which has total flavonoids of 5.66 mg QE/g (quercetin equivalent). &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; The results from the study show extracts of the stem bark of &lt;em&gt;G. porrecta&lt;/em&gt; Laness. has antioxidant activity and potential for lipoxygenase inhibition.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">257</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Amalia Cipta Sari, Berna Elya*, Katrin &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Department of Pharmacognosy- Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus Baru UI Depok, 16424, Depok, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shinta Marlin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Berna Elya</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Katrin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antioxidant Activity and Lipoxygenase Enzyme Inhibition Assay with Total Flavonoid Content from Garcinia hombroniana Pierre Leaves</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antiinflammation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antioxidant</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flavonoid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FRAP</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garcinia hombroniana Pierre</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lipoxygenase</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February 2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://phcogj.com/fulltext/312</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">267-272</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Garcinia hombroniana&lt;/em&gt; Pierre leaves extract have been known to contain flavonoid, but it has not been known yet for its antioxidant activity and inhibition of lipoxygenase activity. This study aims to determine antioxidant activity and inhibition of lipoxygenase activity of &lt;em&gt;G. hombroniana&lt;/em&gt; leaves extract. &lt;strong&gt;Method:&lt;/strong&gt; Antioxidant activity tested by using FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) method and inhibition of lipoxygenase activity using baicalein as the positive control. Total flavonoid assay is also quantitatively done by AlCl&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; colorimetric method on the most active extract using quercetin as the positive control. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The test result showed that the n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extract of &lt;em&gt;G. hombroniana&lt;/em&gt; Pierre leaves have antioxidant activity which showed by EC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; value consecutively are 36.260; 2.969; and 7.416 &amp;mu;g/mL, and also can inhibit lipoxygenase activity which showed by IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; value consecutively are 2.052; 0.134; and 1.314 &amp;mu;g/mL. Ethyl acetate extract of &lt;em&gt;G. hombroniana&lt;/em&gt; Pierre leaves has the most active antioxidant activity and inhibition of lipoxygenase activity. Total flavonoid content of ethyl acetate extract of &lt;em&gt;G. hombroniana&lt;/em&gt; Pierre leaves is 42.004 mg QE/g sample. Conclusion: &lt;em&gt;Garcinia hombroniana&lt;/em&gt; Pierre leaves extract has antioxidant activity and can inhibit lipoxygenase activity.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">267</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Shinta Marlin, Berna Elya, Katrin &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Jawa Barat, 16424, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mukti R Paudel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mukesh B Chand</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Basant Pant</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bijaya Pant</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cytotoxic Activity of Antioxidant-Riched Dendrobium longicornu</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dendrobium longicornu</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DPPH</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flavonoid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MTT</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polyphenol</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">May 2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">/files/PJ-9-4/10.5530pj.2017.4.81</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">499-503</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Context:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Dendrobium longicornu &lt;/em&gt;is a traditional medicinal plant widely used in Asia. It has many bioactive compounds like bibenzyl, phenanthrenes, phenolic compounds. There has been little research in the cytotoxic and antioxidant effects of &lt;em&gt;D. longicornu.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Aims:&lt;/strong&gt; The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of this plant. &lt;strong&gt;Settings and Design:&lt;/strong&gt; Antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of &lt;em&gt;Dendrobium longicornu&lt;/em&gt; extracts. &lt;strong&gt;Methods and Material:&lt;/strong&gt; The plant extracts were prepared by soxhlet&amp;rsquo;s extractor in organic solvents, acetone and ethanol. The total polyphenol content (TPC) in the extracts was determined spectrophotometrically by the Folin-Ciocalteu method and the total flavonoid content (TFC) by aluminium chloride method. The antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. The cytotoxic activity was evaluated against human brain tumor cells (U251) and cervical cancer cells (HeLa) using MTT assay. &lt;strong&gt;Statistical analysis used:&lt;/strong&gt; Regression analysis was done for calculation of IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt;. Duncan multiple range test and Dunnett test were done to compare the data. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The &lt;em&gt;Dendrobium longicornu &lt;/em&gt;acetonic extract (DLA) showed significantly highest TPC and TFC than &lt;em&gt;Dendrobium longicornu&lt;/em&gt; ethanolic extract (DLE). The antioxidant activity was also significantly higher in DLA followed by DLE. Highest cytotoxicity (i.e., lowest IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; value) was found for the DLA on U251 cells and DLE on HeLa cells. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/strong&gt; This result concluded that &lt;em&gt;D. longicornu&lt;/em&gt; is a potential source of antioxidant and cytotoxic agents.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">499</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mukti R Paudel&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Mukesh B Chand&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Basant Pant&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Bijaya Pant&lt;sup&gt;1 &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Central Department of Botany, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, NEPAL&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Annapurna Research Center, Maitighar, Kathmandu, NEPAL.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peraman Muthukumaran</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nachimuthu Saraswathy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vijayasekar Aswitha</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ramesh Balan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Venkatesh Babu Gokhul</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Palanikumar Indumathi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sivasubramani Yuvapriya</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Assessment of Total Phenolic, Flavonoid, Tannin Content and Phytochemical Screening of Leaf and Flower Extracts from Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) Backer ex K.Heyne: a comparative study</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flavonoid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peltophorum pterocarpum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phenolic content</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytochemicals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Solvent extraction.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tannin</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December 2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">140-143</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction:&lt;/strong&gt; Total phenolic, flavonoid and tannin content of leaf and flower extract of &lt;em&gt;Peltophorum pterocarpum&lt;/em&gt; (DC.) Backer ex K.Heyne was compared.&lt;strong&gt; Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To explore total phenolic, flavonoid and tannin content of both leaf and flower extracts of &lt;em&gt;Peltophorum pterocarpum &lt;/em&gt;(DC) K Heyne. &lt;strong&gt;Method: &lt;/strong&gt;Initially, collected fresh leaves and flower samples were shade dried and extracted with various solvents such as aqueous methanol (1:1), ethyl acetate, ethanol and aqueous. Qualitative analysis was performed for various phytochemical. Then the total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and total tannin content was estimated. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; In preliminary phyto-chemical examination of various solvent extracts of both leaf and flowers of &lt;em&gt;P. pterocarpum&lt;/em&gt; revealed that the presence of various phytochemicals such as phlobatannins, terpenoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannin, reducing sugars, phenols and steroids. In phtyochemical evaluation, when compare with all other solvents, Ethanolic extracts shows maximum extractive value. In case of ethyl acetate, it shows very low extractive value in all three phyto-chemicals. In phytochemical evaluation studies, total phenolic content of leaves shows highest in ethanolic extract (33.17 &amp;plusmn; 4.72 mg/g) and lowest in ethyl acetate extract from flower (4.71 &amp;plusmn; 0.07 mg/g), Similarly, flavonoid content of leaves shows highest in ethanolic extract (1.43 &amp;plusmn; 0.01 mg/g) and lowest in aqueous extract of flower (0.23 &amp;plusmn; 0.09 mg/g) but in case of tannin content, flower extracts shows higher tannin content in ethanolic extract (844.59 &amp;plusmn; 10.38 mg/g) whereas lowest tannin content in leaf ethyl acetate extract (9.54 &amp;plusmn; 6.98 mg/g).&lt;strong&gt; Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; This is first report of comparative studies on total phenolic, flavonoid and tannin content of various solvent extracts both leaves and flowers from &lt;em&gt;Peltophorum pterocarpum&lt;/em&gt; (DC) K Heyne.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">140</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Peraman Muthukumaran&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;, Nachimuthu Saraswathy, Vijayasekar Aswitha, Ramesh Balan, Venkatesh Babu Gokhul, Palanikumar Indumathi and Sivasubramani Yuvapriya&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Department of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India - 641 049&lt;/p&gt;
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