<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arif Budiman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diah Lia Aulifa</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antibacterial Activity and Mode of Action of Black Mulberry (Morus nigra) Fruits Extract Against Streptococcus mutans</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Black mulberry fruits extract</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cellular membrane damage</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Streptococcus mutans</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">November 2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1722-1726</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Black mulberry was a member of the plant groups from genus Morus, which contains the highest total phenolic compounds compared to other species. It could be a potential source of antimicrobial agents. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the fruits extract against &lt;em&gt;Streptococcus mutans.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Agar diffusion and microdilution methods were used for evaluation of the antibacterial activity and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extract. Protein and ion leakage from the bacterial cells induced by the extract was analyzed spectrophotometrically. The morphological change was determined using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Black mulberry (BM) fruits extract showed antibacterial activity against &lt;em&gt;S. mutans&lt;/em&gt; with MIC value of 8 mg/mL, as well as contributed to the aforementioned leakage. Meanwhile, cellular membrane damage was observed, indicating that the extract might inhibit growth of the bacteria. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;BM extract could be a potential raw material for herbal medicine, especially anticaries which has antibacterial activity.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6s</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1722</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Arif Budiman&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Diah Lia Aulifa&lt;sup&gt;2,&lt;/sup&gt;* &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21. INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Sekolah Tinggi Farmasi Indonesia (Indonesian School of Pharmacy), Jl. Soekarno-Hatta No 354, Bandung 40266, West Java, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
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