<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elham Akbari</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kawsar Alami</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dawood Hossaini</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mohammad Latif Nazari</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mohammad Hossein Salehi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Meysam Sajjadi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sayed Yousof Mousavi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effect of Afghan Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) Aqueous Extract on Withdrawal Signs in Morphine-Dependent Rats</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aqueous extract</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Crocus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morphine dependence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Withdrawal signs</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">November 2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1727-1731</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Opioid dependency, as a global problem is accompanied with serious personal, economic, social and hygienic disorders. Synthetic drugs beside their efficacies, have numerous adverse effects. As the medicinal plants have low costs and adverse effects, and they are also affective on different stages of dependency treatment, they attracted the attention of the researchers in the field of medicine. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of the aqueous extract of Afghan saffron on the withdrawal signs in morphine-dependent rats. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Rats divided into 5 groups (1 Normal Saline, 1 Morphine, and 3 Extract groups). The rats that received morphine and extract became morphine-dependent by subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of morphine hydrochloride for 7 days (2.5, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40 mg/kg doses twice daily on 1st to 6th days respectively, and a single dose of 50 mg/kg on 7th day). The extract groups received 100, 150 and 200 mg/kg doses of the saffron aqueous extract by intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration simultaneously with morphine. Two hours after the administration of the last dose of morphine, Naloxone (3 mg/kg, i.p.) was injected and withdrawal signs were noted for 30 minutes. &lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The results showed that the administration of the saffron aqueous extract (100, 150 and 200 mg/kg) significantly decreased most of the withdrawal signs in morphine-dependent rats (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;&amp;lt;0.05). &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; Afghan saffron aqueous extract can alleviate the withdrawal signs in morphine-dependent rats.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6s</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1727</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Elham Akbari&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Kawsar Alami&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Dawood Hossaini&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Mohammad Latif Nazari&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Mohammad Hossein Salehi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Meysam Sajjadi&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Sayed Yousof Mousavi&lt;sup&gt;3,&lt;/sup&gt;* &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Research and Technology Center, Khatam Al-Nabieen University, Karte 4, 1st street, Kabul, AFGHANISTAN.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biology, Kabul Medical University, Ataturk avenue, Jamal Mena, 3rd District, Kabul, AFGHANISTAN.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Physiology, Khatam Al- Nabieen university, Karte 4, 1st street, Kabul, AFGHANISTAN.&lt;/p&gt;
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