<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Niluh Suwasanti</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cecilia Putri Tedyanto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silvia Sutandhio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teguh Hari Sucipto</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Dried Red Jujube Fruit (Ziziphus jujuba) Ethanol Extract against DENV-2</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antiviral</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dengue virus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DENV-2</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">dried red jujube fruit</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ziziphus jujuba</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October 2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1047-1050</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;Dengue infection has become one of the most important mosquito-borne diseases worldwide and is caused by the dengue virus (DENV). Recently, neither patent drug, phytopharmaceutical medicine, nor standardized herbal medicine has been officially available against DENV. Dried red jujube fruit &lt;em&gt;(Ziziphus jujuba)&lt;/em&gt; ethanol extract has been proven to have an antiviral effect, anti-inflammatory efficacy, and antioxidant properties, which have potential activity against DENV infection. This research was conducted to analyze the antiviral activity of dried red jujube fruit ethanol extract against DENV-2 in vitro. The halfmaximal cytotoxic concentration (CC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt;) and half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt;) were examined on Vero cells by a 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, whereas the halfmaximal effective concentration (EC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt;) was determined using luminescence assay. The selectivity index (SI) value was determined from the ratio of CC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; and EC50. Dried red jujube fruit ethanol extracts inhibited DENV-2 in 24.59%, 22.39%, 17.98%, 14.5%, 6.42%, and 1.28% at 80 μg/mL, 40 μg/mL, 20 μg/mL, 10 μg/ mL, 5 μg/mL, and 2.5 μg/mL, respectively. The extract exhibited antiviral activity against DENV-2, showing a CC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; of 67.73 μg/mL, an IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; value of 166.18 μg/mL, and an EC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; of 64.87 μg/mL, with an SI of 1.04. The LD&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; value was 707.95 mg/kg. Dried red jujube fruit ethanol extract could be a potential candidate for developing an antiviral against DENV-2.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1047</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Niluh Suwasanti&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Cecilia Putri Tedyanto&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Silvia Sutandhio&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Teguh Hari Sucipto&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya, Surabaya, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Research Assistant, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya, Surabaya, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya, Surabaya, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Dengue Study Group, Institude of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nismawati Natsir</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A Arsunan Arsin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hasanuddin Ishak</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ilham Alimuddin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Masni Masni</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhammad Nasrun Massi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anwar Mallongi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Transmission of Four Serotypes of Dengue Virus in Several Asian Countries Literature Review</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asian Countries</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dengue virus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DENV-1</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DENV-2</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DENV-3</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DENV-4</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Serotypes</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December 2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1244-1249</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;The serotype of the virus that causes infection in a person can influence the severity of the dengue disease experienced so it is necessary to monitor and understand the dengue virus serotypes circulating in an area. &lt;strong&gt;Method:&lt;/strong&gt; We searched for studies through two electronic databases (Pubmed and Scince direct). In the first stage, database search, 74 studies were obtained. The criteria for including studies were four human dengue virus serotypes published in 2013 – 2023. In the final search there were 10 studies included. &lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Serotypes DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4 have been reported in Singapore but DENV1 and DENV-2 are the main causes of dengue cases in this country. Serotypes DENV- 1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4 have been reported in Indonesia but the prevalence of certain serotypes can vary from year to year and between regions in the country. Serotypes DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 have been reported in Nepal but DENV-2 is found in high altitude and cold weather areas. Serotypes DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4 have been reported in Pakistan but serotype DENV-1 is the main cause of dengue cases in this country. Serotypes DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4 have been reported in India, however serotype DENV-4 was found to be the main cause of dengue cases both alone and in combination with dengue causes in this country. Serotypes DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4 have been reported in Thailand but serotype DENV-2 is the main cause of dengue cases in this country. Serotypes DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4 have been reported in Sri Lanka but serotype DENV- 2 is the main cause of dengue cases in this country. Serotypes DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4 have been reported in China but serotype DENV-2 is the main cause of dengue cases in this country. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; Countries in Asia remain endemic for all four DENV serotypes, although some genotype- related evolution has been found in certain strains.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6s</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Review Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1244</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nismawati Natsir&lt;sup&gt;1 *&lt;/sup&gt;, A Arsunan Arsin&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; , Hasanuddin Ishak&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; , Ilham Alimuddin&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt; , Masni Masni&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt; , Muhammad Nasrun Massi&lt;sup&gt;6 &lt;/sup&gt;, Anwar Mallongi&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Doctoral Program and Department of Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Geological Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biostatistic, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Microbiology Medical faculty, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ichwan Baihaki</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beti Ernawati Dewi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Viol Dhea Kharisma</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ahmad Affan Ali Murtadlo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhammad Badrut Tamam</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Devi Purnamasari</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nunuk Hariani Soekamto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ANM Ansori</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kuswati</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Riso Sari Mandeli</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kawther Ameen Muhammed Saeed Aledresi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nur Farhana Mohd Yusof</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vikash Jakhmola</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maksim Rebezov</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pavel Burkov</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marina Derkho</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pavel Scherbakov</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rahadian Zainul</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhammad Raffi Ghifari</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asmi Citra Malina AR Tasakka</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tengku Siti Hajar Haryuna</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Correlation of the Presence of Non Structural-1 (NS1) Antigen Dengue Virus with Severity of Dengue Infection</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dengue virus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NS1 antigen</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thrombocytopenia</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December 2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">813-816</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;Dengue is a major public health threat worldwide, affecting approximately 3 billion people. More than 100 countries in the world located in tropical and subtropical areas, there are at least 100 to 400 million people infected with the dengue virus which causes dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). Soluble Non Structural Protein (sNS1) DENV is a soluble NS1 protein that is secreted and found in the serum of patients during acute infection. Because of its presence early in infection, sNS1 is used as a diagnostic indicator of acute dengue infection. NS1 can directly activate platelets through TLR4 and can further increase platelet aggregation, endothelial cell adhesion, and phagocytosis by macrophages that can cause thrombocytopenia so that high sNS1 levels are associated with disease severity. From the results of the study showed p &amp;lt;0.05. This indicates that there is a correlation between the presence of NS1 and the severity of dengue infection.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research Article </style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">813</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ichwan Baihaki&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Beti Ernawati Dewi&lt;sup&gt;2,3&lt;/sup&gt;, Viol Dhea Kharisma&lt;sup&gt;4,5&lt;/sup&gt;, Ahmad Affan Ali Murtadlo&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;, Muhammad Badrut Tamam&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;, Devi Purnamasari&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt;, Nunuk Hariani Soekamto&lt;sup&gt;8&lt;/sup&gt;, ANM Ansori&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;, Kuswati&lt;sup&gt;10&lt;/sup&gt;, Riso Sari Mandeli&lt;sup&gt;11&lt;/sup&gt;, Kawther Ameen Muhammed Saeed Aledresi&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt;, Nur Farhana Mohd Yusof&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;, Vikash Jakhmola&lt;sup&gt;14&lt;/sup&gt;, Maksim Rebezov&lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt;,&lt;sup&gt;16,17&lt;/sup&gt;, Pavel Burkov&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;, Marina Derkho&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;, Pavel Scherbakov&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;, Rahadian Zainul&lt;sup&gt;19,20,*&lt;/sup&gt;, Muhammad Raffi Ghifari&lt;sup&gt;21&lt;/sup&gt;, Asmi Citra Malina AR Tasakka&lt;sup&gt;22&lt;/sup&gt;, Tengku Siti Hajar Haryuna&lt;sup&gt;23&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Master Programme in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia-RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Infectious Disease and Immunology Cluster, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Jakarta, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;Division of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Generasi Biologi Indonesia Foundation, Gresik, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universitas Muhammadiyah Lamongan, Lamongan, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Radiology Engineering, Universitas Awal Bros, Pekanbaru, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;8&lt;/sup&gt;Chemistry Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Hasanuddin University, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;Professor Nidom Foundation, Surabaya, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;10&lt;/sup&gt;Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Jember University, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;11&lt;/sup&gt;Environmental Science, Postgraduate Programme, Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt;Biochemistry Department, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Arbil Governorate, Iraqi Kurdistan, IRAQ.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;College of Engineering (Chemical), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Jalan Purnama, Bandar Seri Alam, Masai, Johor, MALAYSIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;14&lt;/sup&gt;Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Scientific Research, V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems, Moscow, RUSSIAN FEDERATION.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;16&lt;/sup&gt;Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Ural State Agrarian University, Yekaterinburg, RUSSIAN FEDERATION.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;17&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Scientific Research, Russian State Agrarian University, Moscow, RUSSIAN FEDERATION.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;Institute of Veterinary Medicine, South Ural State Agrarian University, Troitsk, RUSSIAN FEDERATION.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;19&lt;/sup&gt;Center for Advanced Material Processing, Artificial Intelligence, and Biophysic Informatics (CAMP-BIOTICS), Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;20&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;21&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Informatics Engineering, Faculty of Computer Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, INDONESIA&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;22&lt;/sup&gt;Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, INDONESIA&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;23&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, INDONESIA&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marissa Angelina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhammad Hanafi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Franciscus D Suyatna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beti Ernawati Dewi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drug of Action Cassia Alata Leaves Extract as Antiviral to Dengue Virus Serotype-2 in vitro</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antiviral</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cassia alata</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dengue virus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Early step</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Post infection</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June 2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">864-871</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background and Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;Dengue viruses (DENV) is a mosquito-borne members of the Flaviridae family.To date, more than 2.5 billion people in over 100 countries are at risk of infection, and approximately 20 million infections were reported annually. Currently, There is no specific antiviral treatment available for DENV infection. Natural products possess a wide range of biological and biochemical potential. Among them, plants are one of the most important sources for discovering new drugs for therapy. Our previous study, showed that &lt;em&gt;Cassia alata&lt;/em&gt; has potency as antiviral to DENV, however drug of action still unclear. &lt;strong&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; We explore the drug of action of C. alata leaves exract and its fraction through time of addition studies and effect of solvents wtih the dose based on the previous study. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The most effective inhibition druf of action was determined by focus assay. Meanwhile the toxicity was measured by MTT assay. These studies demosntrated that ethanol extract of &lt;em&gt;Cassia alata&lt;/em&gt; 1 mg/ml showed strong inhibition in both early step (receptor and attachment to host cells) and post infection with inhibition 96.04 % and 99.16 %.Compared with those fractions, &lt;em&gt;Cassia alata&lt;/em&gt; ethanol extract has strongest inhibition DENV in every step of virus replication. &lt;strong&gt;Conclussion: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Cassia alata&lt;/em&gt; ethanol extract has strongest inhibition DENV in every step of virus replication with the average of inhibition more than 95 %. Ethyl acetate and hexane has strongest inihibition with the average of inhibition 100 %.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">864</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Marissa Angelina&lt;sup&gt;1,2&lt;/sup&gt;, Muhammad Hanafi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Franciscus D. Suyatna&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Beti Ernawati Dewi&lt;sup&gt;4,&lt;/sup&gt;* &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Doctoral Programme in Biomedical Science Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jl. Salemba Raya 6, Jakarta 10430, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Research Centre for Chemistry LIPI , Kompleks Puspiptek Serpong 15416, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics Faculty of Medicine- RSCM Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Salemba Raya 6, Jakarta 10430, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Departement of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia- Cipto Mangukusumo Hospital, Jalan Pengangsaan Timur No. 16 Jakarta 10320, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
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