<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chandra Mohini Nemkul</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gan B Bajracharya</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hayato Maeda</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ila Shrestha</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ethnomedicinal Knowledge Verification for the Antidiarrheal and Antioxidant Effects of Rhus chinensis Mill. Fruits with Identification of Thirty Constituents</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antibacterial susceptibility assay</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DPPH radical scavenging assay</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GC-MS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">total phenolic content</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">January 2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">37-43</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; Ethnobotanical survey in the rural villages in Nepal revealed that the fruits of&lt;em&gt; Rhus chinensis&lt;/em&gt; Mill. have been using for the treatment of diarrhea and dysentery. &lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To evaluate antimicrobial and antioxidant effects, and identification of chemical constituents in the fruits of &lt;em&gt;R. chinensis&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Phytochemical screening was performed on the hexane and 70% methanolic extracts of the sample followed by gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS). Total phenolic content (TPC) was estimated using Folin-Ciocalteu method. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays were used to evaluate the antioxidant capacity. Antibacterial effect was estabilished by the Agar well diffusion assay. &lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 30 compounds belonging to phenolics, anhydrides, aldehydes, fatty acids and hydrocarbons were identified in the extracts. The TPC value of 123.52±1.29 mg GAE/g dry extract was estimated. IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; value of 135.54±0.82 μg/mL was calculated in DPPH free radical scavenging assay. Scavenging of 42.69±0.1% DPPH free radical and 63.20±1.48% hydrogen peroxide at 100 μg/mL concentration of 70% methanolic extract were estimated. The maximum zone of inhibition (ZOI) observed was 23.00±0.57 mm against &lt;em&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/em&gt; at loading dose of 5 mg of the extract.&lt;strong&gt; Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;All together 30 compounds were identified in the fruits. The extracts efficiently inhibited the growth of &lt;em&gt;E. coli &lt;/em&gt;and &lt;em&gt;Shigella dysenteriae&lt;/em&gt; verifying the rural knowledge. At the same time, the extracts displayed efficient antioxidant activity. The phytochemicals identified were responsible for these activities.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">37</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Chandra Mohini Nemkul&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Gan B Bajracharya&lt;sup&gt;2,&lt;/sup&gt;*, Hayato Maeda&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Ila Shrestha&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Departement of Botany, Tri-Chandra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Ghantaghar, Kathmandu, NEPAL.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Faculty of Science, Nepal Academy of Science and Technology, Khumaltar, Lalitpur, NEPAL.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3-Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, JAPAN.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Departement of Botany, Patan Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Patandhoka, Lalitpur, NEPAL.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jorge Coronado-Olano</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ritva Repo-Carrasco-Valencia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oscar Reategui</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Emily Toscano</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elisa Valdez</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mirko Zimic</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ivan Best</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inhibitory activity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase by phenolic compounds of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) and cañihua (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen) from the Andean region of Peru</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andean grains</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DPPH radical scavenging assay</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HPLC-DAD</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">in vitro antidiabetic activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polyphenols</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">July 2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">896-901</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Chenopodium quinoa&lt;/em&gt; Willd. and &lt;em&gt;Chenopodium pallidicaule&lt;/em&gt; Aellen are grains from the Andean region of Peru, which in addition to having a high nutritional value, have health-promoting properties related to the prevention of chronic diseases such as diabetes. &lt;strong&gt;Objetive:&lt;/strong&gt; The present study aimed to identify phenolic compounds associated with an inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes associated with type 2 diabetes. &lt;strong&gt;Material and Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Two varieties of quinoa and two varieties of cañihua from the Puno Region in Peru, were evaluated. Total phenolics, total flavonoids, identification of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity &lt;em&gt;in vitro&lt;/em&gt; were measured by Folin-Ciocalteu assay, aluminum chloride colorimetric method, HPLC-DAD and DPPH radical scavenging assay, respectively. &lt;em&gt;In vitro &lt;/em&gt;hypoglycemic activity was evaluated through the inhibition of the α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. Results: Gallic acid, rutin and chlorogenic acid were identified by HPLC-DAD in the varieties of quinoa and cañihua. The latter showed significantly higher levels of chlorogenic acid compared to quinoa varieties (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;&amp;lt;0.05). Both Andean grains exhibited inhibition of key-enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes, presenting IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; values of 7.99 to 34.05 and of 8.07 to 1158 μg/mL for α-amylase and α-glucosidase, respectively. Total phenolics, total flavonoids, DPPH radical scavenging assay, gallic acid and chlorogenic acid showed the greatest contribution to the inhibitory activity of the α-glucosidase enzyme (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;&amp;lt;0.05). &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; Our findings suggest that the phenolic compounds present in the varieties of quinoa and cañihua could modulate the inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes associated with type 2 diabetes.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">896</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Jorge Coronado-Olano&lt;sup&gt;1,5&lt;/sup&gt;, Ritva Repo-Carrasco-Valencia&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Oscar Reategui&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Emily Toscano&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Elisa Valdez&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;, Mirko Zimic&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Ivan Best&lt;sup&gt;6,&lt;/sup&gt;*&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Facultad de Industrias Alimentarias, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, PERU.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Carrera de Ingeniería Agroforestal, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, PERU.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Biología Molecular, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo (LID), Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, PERU.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima, PERU.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;Hersil S. A. Laboratorios Industriales Farmacéuticos, Lima, PERU.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;Unidad de Investigación en Nutrición, Salud, Alimentos Funcionales y Nutracéuticos, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola (UNUSANUSIL), Calle Toulon 310, 15024 Lima, PERU.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Resmi S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Divya V Nair</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Athulya Subhash</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rose Jose</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vishnu V</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Subin Mary Zachariah</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Isolation, Characterization and in vitro Pharmacological Activities of Tagetes Erectus Linn</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antibacterial activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disc diffusion method</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DPPH radical scavenging assay</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flavonoids</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quercetin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terpinolene</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">January 2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://fulltxt.org/article/495</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">384-393</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tagetes erectus &lt;/em&gt;(family: Asteraceae), commonly known as &amp;lsquo;African marigold&amp;rsquo;, is an ornamental plant widely distributed in India. The plant has been used in traditional medicines in India and elsewhere in the treatment of cold, bronchitis, rheumatism and inflammation. The flavonoid quercetin has been isolated from the methanol extract of the plant by column chromatography and identified by co-TLC, comparison of its melting point, UV, IR and NMR spectra. Quercetin content has been estimated as 1.22 (&amp;plusmn;0.26) % in the methanol extract of &lt;em&gt;Tageteserectus&lt;/em&gt; whole plant based on HPTLC method using the solvent systemchloroform: methanol (8.5:1.5). The essential oil was isolated by hydrodistillation (oil yield 0.04% v/w) and 25 compounds comprising 93.9% of the constituents were identified by GC-MS analysis. Monoterpenoids Predominated the oil (78.5%), with piperitone as the major compound (40.1%) followed by terpinolene (12.7%) and limonene (12.0%). The &lt;em&gt;in vitro&lt;/em&gt; antioxidant assays of the methanol extract showed moderate activity with IC50 values 109.45 (&amp;plusmn;1.22) &lt;em&gt;&amp;mu;&lt;/em&gt;g/ml for DPPH radical scavenging assay and 201.53 (&amp;plusmn;4.48) &lt;em&gt;&amp;mu;&lt;/em&gt;g/ml for superoxide scavenging assay and the marker compound quercetin showed IC50 values 26.40(&amp;plusmn;1.75) and 13.87 (&amp;plusmn;0.54) &lt;em&gt;&amp;mu;&lt;/em&gt;g/ml respectively. Reducing power assay also showed moderate activity. Antibacterial activity of the methanol extract and the essential oil against gram positive and gram-negative bacteria were done using disc diffusion method. The essential oil showed remarkable activity against the tested organisms, while the extract showed only moderate activity.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">384</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Resmi S, Divya V Nair, Athulya Subhash, Rose Jose, Vishnu V, Subin Mary Zachariah &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita University, Kochi-682041, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bunleu Sungthong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Methin Phadungkit</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anti-Tyrosinase and DPPH Radical Scavenging Activities of Selected Thai Herbal Extracts Traditionally Used as Skin Toner</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">anti-tyrosinase inhibitory activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">antioxidant activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dopachrome method</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DPPH radical scavenging assay</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">skin lightening</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">traditional skin toners</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">27th Dec, 2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">97-101</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction:&lt;/strong&gt; Skin darkness may be cosmetically undesirable for some people. Plant-derived materials traditionally used for skin lightening may produce satisfactory results. Besides innate tyrosinase activity, oxidative stress also plays an important role in skin darkness by activating tyrosinase. Therefore, herbal extracts with strong anti-tyrosinase and antioxidant activities could be considered as efficacious skin lightening agents. The aims of the present study were to determine the anti-tyrosinase and antioxidant activities of Thai medicinal plant extracts indigenously used as skin toners. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; The activities of seven Thai medicinal plants; &lt;em&gt;Zingiber cassumunar Roxb&lt;/em&gt;., &lt;em&gt;Phyllanthus emblica&lt;/em&gt; Linn., &lt;em&gt;Tagetes erecta &lt;/em&gt;Linn., Centella asiatica, Raphanus sativusvar. Longipinnatus Linn., &lt;em&gt;Cassia fistula &lt;/em&gt;Linn. and&lt;em&gt; Butea monosperma &lt;/em&gt;(Lam.) Taub. were investigated using the DOPA-chrome method to determine anti-tyrosinase activity and the DPPH free radical scavenging assay to determine antioxidant activity. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; With respect to tyrosinase inhibitory activity, &lt;em&gt;P. emblica&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;B. monosperma &lt;/em&gt;and R. sativusvar. &lt;em&gt;Longipinnatus &lt;/em&gt;extracts at a concentration of 1.67 mg/mL showed strong activities with the percentage of tyrosinase inhibition at 48.38&amp;plusmn;4.77, 46.92&amp;plusmn;3.77 and 42.85&amp;plusmn;6.54 %, respectively. In addition, P. &lt;em&gt;emblica &lt;/em&gt;and &lt;em&gt;B. monosperma &lt;/em&gt;extracts also exhibited high antioxidant activities with the IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt;values on 33.47&amp;plusmn;1.24 and 33.57&amp;plusmn;1.92 mg/mL, respectively. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; Based on tyrosinase inhibition activity and DPPH radical scavenging assays, the herbal extracts of&lt;em&gt; P. emblica &lt;/em&gt;and &lt;em&gt;B. monosperma&lt;/em&gt; show promise as potential skin lighteners in cosmetic formulations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Key words:&lt;/strong&gt; antioxidant activity, Dopachrome method, skin lightening, traditional skin toners, anti-tyrosinase inhibitory activity, DPPH radical scavenging assay.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">97</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Bunleu Sungthong* and Methin Phadungkit &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Natural Products Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, Kantarawichai district, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bunleu Sungthong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Methin Phadungkit</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anti-Tyrosinase and DPPH Radical Scavenging Activities of Selected Thai Herbal Extracts Traditionally Used as Skin Toner</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">anti-tyrosinase inhibitory activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">antioxidant activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dopachrome method</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DPPH radical scavenging assay</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">skin lightening</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">traditional skin toners</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">04/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">97-101</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Skin darkness may be cosmetically undesirable for some people. Plant-derived materials traditionally used for skin lightening may produce satisfactory results. Besides innate tyrosinase activity, oxidative stress also plays an important role in skin darkness by activating tyrosinase. Therefore, herbal extracts with strong anti-tyrosinase and antioxidant activities could be considered as efficacious skin lightening agents. The aims of the present study were to determine the anti-tyrosinase and antioxidant activities of Thai medicinal plant extracts indigenously used as skin toners. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; The activities of seven Thai medicinal plants; Zingiber cassumunar Roxb., Phyllanthus emblica Linn., Tagetes erecta Linn., Centella asiatica, Raphanus sativusvar. Longipinnatus Linn., Cassia fistula Linn. and Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. were investigated using the DOPA-chrome method to determine anti-tyrosinase activity and the DPPH free radical scavenging assay to determine antioxidant activity. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; With respect to tyrosinase inhibitory activity, P. emblica, B. monosperma and R. sativusvar. Longipinnatus extracts at a concentration of 1.67 mg/mL showed strong activities with the percentage of tyrosinase inhibition at 48.38&amp;plusmn;4.77, 46.92&amp;plusmn;3.77 and 42.85&amp;plusmn;6.54%, respectively. In addition, P. emblica and B. monosperma extracts also exhibited high antioxidant activities with the IC50values on 33.47&amp;plusmn;1.24 and 33.57&amp;plusmn;1.92 mg/mL, respectively. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; Based on tyrosinase inhibition activity and DPPH radical scavenging assays, the herbal extracts of P. emblica and B. monosperma show promise as potential skin lighteners in cosmetic formulations.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">97</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Bunleu Sungthong* and Methin Phadungkit&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Natural Products Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, Kantarawichai district, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand&lt;/p&gt;
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