<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Risma R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aryati A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bambang Purwanto</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Mechanism of Nanocurcumin in Inhibiting Parasitemia in Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) Model Mice</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nanocurcumin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Parasitemia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plasmodium berghei Anka</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">January 2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">84-88</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Plasmodium falciparum&lt;/em&gt; is the cause of malaria falciparum, the most severe type of malaria, and the only malaria parasite that can cause complications such as microvascular disease, cerebral malaria, severe anemia, shock, acute renal failure, and shortness of breath. In Southeast Asia, Indonesia has the highest incidence of malaria. The WHO estimated that in 2019, there were 658,380 malaria cases and 1,170 malariarelated deaths. Curcumin (Curcuma longa) is a spice that has been used in Southeast Asia for centuries. It contains the active ingredient curcumin (bis-α, β-unsaturated β-diketone), which has antioxidant, antiinflammatory, hepatoprotective, and antimalarial properties. However, curcumin has low water solubility and very limited bioavailability. By examining the observed phenomenon, it is possible to investigate how nanocurcumin might impact parasitemia levels in&lt;em&gt; P. berghei&lt;/em&gt; ANKA model mice. This research involved 36 female BALB/c mice aged 7–10 weeks, divided into four groups, all of which were infected with &lt;em&gt;P. berghei ANKA&lt;/em&gt;. After infection, the groups were treated for 2 weeks as follows: the control group (no nanocurcumin administered), treatment group I (50 mg/kg body weight [kgbw]), treatment group II (100 mg/kgbw), and treatment group III (150 mg/kgbw). The results indicated a significant difference among groups (p &amp;lt; 0.05, 0.036). The conclusion of this experiment is that administering nanocurcumin to mice infected with the &lt;em&gt;Plasmodium parasite&lt;/em&gt; significantly reduces parasitemia levels in the blood, particularly at a dose of 150 mg/kgbw.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">84</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Risma&lt;sup&gt;1,2&lt;/sup&gt;, Aryati&lt;sup&gt;3*&lt;/sup&gt;, Bambang Purwanto&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Hang Tuah University, Surabaya, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Medical Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maulana Yusuf Alkandahri</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Afiat Berbudi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anas Subarnas</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evaluation of Experimental Cerebral Malaria of Curcumin and Kaempferol in Plasmodium berghei ANKA-Infected Mice</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blood-brain barrier.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerebral malaria</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kaempferol</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kurkumin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plasmodium berghei Anka</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">January 2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">905-911</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Cerebral malaria (CM) is one of the most severe complications of &lt;em&gt;Plasmodium falciparum&lt;/em&gt; infection and the leading cause of death from malaria in endemic areas. Natural products with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities have become valuable alternative therapeutic options in CM treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of curcumin and kaempferol in experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) in mice infected with &lt;em&gt;Plasmodium berghei &lt;/em&gt;ANKA (PbA). &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; After PbA infection, mice were divided into 9 groups, namely Group I (negative control (NC)) with 0.5% HPMC, Group II received chloroquine 20 mg/kg, Group III (normal) with aquadest, Groups IV, V, and VI received curcumin at doses of 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg, respectively, Groups VII, VIII, and IX received kaempferol at doses of 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg, respectively. The antimalarial activity was evaluated using Peter's four-day suppressive test. This was conducted to determine the % parasitemia, survival rate, AST and ALT, blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage, and neurobehavioral disorders in mice with CM. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The results showed that all treatments had significant antimalarial activity, with the % suppression depending on the dose. It also indicates that PbA-infected mice had a survival rate of 11-19 days after infection, which was higher than those in the NC group. This suggested that curcumin and kaempferol have a protective effect on the survival of PbA-infected mice. Furthermore, they significantly reduced the AST and ALT concentrations in the sample compared to the NC group. The same was observed in cerebral vessel extravasation, where the Evans Blue stain assay showed significantly less dye extravasation in the brains of PbA-infected mice treated with curcumin and kaempferol. This indicated better-protected integrity of the BBB. Additionally, the results also demonstrated a decrease in neurological disorders arising during ECM in the group treated with curcumin and kaempferol. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion&lt;/strong&gt;: Considering these results, it is concluded that treatments with curcumin and kaempferol could improve animal survival, prevent AST and ALT elevations, as well as protect the BBB and neurobehavioral disorders associated with CM in PbA-infected mice.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6s</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article </style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">905</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Maulana Yusuf Alkandahri&lt;sup&gt;1,2*&lt;/sup&gt;, Afiat Berbudi&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Anas Subarnas&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, West Java, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang, Karawang, West Java, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biomedical Sciences, Parasitology Division, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kusmardi Kusmardi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baiqi Nur Hairi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nadar Sukri Lubis</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tri Wahyuni Lestari</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Putri Reno Intan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Effect of Sambiloto and Spirulina Combination on Mucin-1 Protein Expression in Medial Colon of Plasmodium berghei ANKA Infected Mice</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Medial colon</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muc-1</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plasmodium berghei Anka</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sambiloto</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spirulina</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">November 2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1359-1365</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;Malaria still be health problem in the world, especially in Eastern Indonesia. Malaria’s inflammation and metabolism defect can cause colonic damage, such as enhancement Muc-1 protein expression and goblet cells hyperplasia. Sambiloto and spirulina combination as antiinflammatory and antioxidative agent can prevent medial colon damage &lt;em&gt;Plasmodium berghei &lt;/em&gt;ANKA infected mice. The aim of the study to show the effect of sambiloto and spirulina combination on Muc-1 protein activity in medial colon &lt;em&gt;Plasmodium berghei&lt;/em&gt; ANKA infected mice. This study use preserve male Swiss Webser mice colonic tissue which has inoculated by&lt;em&gt; Plasmodium berghei &lt;/em&gt;ANKA, whose treatment group include positive control (dehyroartemisin piperaquine), negative control (carboxymethil cellulose), AP (sambiloto), AP+ES (sambiloto+spirulina extract), and AP+PS (sambiloto+spirulina powder) and terminated after 28 days of treatment. Colonic tissue was stained with immunohistochemistry and observed using light microscope (400x) in five different field and was analyzed with ImageJ® sowtware, and statisitcal analysis was done with SPSS 20.0. According to One Way ANOVA and Duncan posthoc test, only AP+PS(120,98 ±3,37), which significantly difference between negative control, AP, and AP+ES group. Meanwhile, between DHP, AP+PS group not significantly differenece. Sambiloto extract and spirulina powder combination can reduce Muc-1 protein expression in medial colon &lt;em&gt;Plasmodium berghei &lt;/em&gt;ANKA infected mice.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1359</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Kusmardi Kusmardi&lt;sup&gt;1-4&lt;/sup&gt;,*, Baiqi Nur Hairi&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;, Nadar Sukri Lubis&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;, Tri Wahyuni Lestari&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt;, Putri Reno Intan&lt;sup&gt;8&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Anatomical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Drug Development Research Cluster, Indonesia Medical Educational and Research Institute, Jakarta, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Human Cancer Research Cluster, Indonesia Medical Educational and Research Institute, Jakarta, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;Undergraduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt;National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health of Indonesia, Jakarta, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;8&lt;/sup&gt;Centre for Research and Development of Biomedical and Basic Health Technology, National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Jakarta, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kusmardi Kusmardi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rahyussalim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rizky Priambodo Wisnubaroto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dilla Firzani</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Combination of Spirulina Extract and Sambiloto Effect Histopathologically on Medial Colon from Plasmodium berghei Anka Infected Mice</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Malaria</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Medial colon</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plasmodium berghei Anka</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sambiloto</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spirulina</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">May 2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">564-569</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction:&lt;/strong&gt; Malaria is one of the biggest burden in medical section in Indonesia, as the prevalence is still high and half of the provinces in Indonesia considered as endemic area.&lt;sup&gt;1-4&lt;/sup&gt; Moreover, the drug resistant case number has grown larger within years.&lt;sup&gt;3-7&lt;/sup&gt; Indonesian people are very close with traditional drug regiment that derived from plants, for example &lt;em&gt;Sambiloto&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Spirulina.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;7-9 &lt;/sup&gt;This research done in order to see the effect of &lt;em&gt;Sambiloto and Spirulina&lt;/em&gt; combination from histopathologic aspect in medial colon of &lt;em&gt;P. berghei &lt;/em&gt;infected mice. &lt;strong&gt;Method:&lt;/strong&gt; The data taken from experimental study using male Swiss Webster mice that has been infected with &lt;em&gt;Plasmodium berghei &lt;/em&gt;Anka. The four groups of mice were given different treatment. The first group treated with &lt;em&gt;Sambiloto &lt;/em&gt;only, the second one with &lt;em&gt;Sambiloto&lt;/em&gt; and Spirulina extract, the third group with &lt;em&gt;Sambiloto and &lt;/em&gt;Spirulina powder and the last one the control group with administration of DHP. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The result shows that the group with extract and powder spirulina show a significant result in the inflammatory focus and angiogenesis. However, this research does not necessarily prove the correlation between &lt;em&gt;Sambiloto&lt;/em&gt;-Spirulina and their effect on the goblet cell and dysplasia grade on the infected mice, as the result for both category is insignificant. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;The study showed that spirulina has positive effect on inflamatory focus and angiogenesis, but the goblet cells count and dysplasia grade result is not noteworthy, as it requires prolonged inflammation process in order to achieve the optimal result.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">564</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Kusmardi Kusmardi&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Rahyussalim&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Rizky Priambodo Wisnubaroto&lt;sup&gt;2,*&lt;/sup&gt;, Dilla Firzani&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Indonesia, Universitas Indonesia, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Undergraduate student Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record></records></xml>