<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rungtiwa Kanthain</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Supawatchara Singhatong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Surapol Natakankitkul</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nathupakorn Dechsupa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jirakrit Leelarungrayub</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Potential of Hard Candy Containing Spray-Dried Vernonia cinerea Extract with Total Phenolic Compounds, Total Flavonoids and Nicotine Replacement as an Anti-Smoking Aid</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">antioxidant activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hard candy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nicotine</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Total flavonoids</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Total phenolic compounds</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vernonia cinerea</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February  2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">35-43</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Backgound: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Vernonia cinerea&lt;/em&gt; (VC) is a natural plant claimed to reduce cigarette smoking. Some pilot anti-smoking products with nicotine replacement, such as lozenges or gum, have been presented, but with some adverse effects. Thus, application of VC as a new-anti-smoking product is very challenging. &lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;The aims of this study were to compare the active compounds; total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids and nicotine, and study antioxidant activity on scavenging 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrzayl (DPPH) radicals of extracts prepared by spray drying (SD) and freeze drying (FD) techniques for pilot hard candy. &lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Raw VC materials of mixed parts, i.e., the stem, flowers and leaves, were made to form extracts by FD and SD techniques. Then, extract from the SD technique was manufactured industrially into hard candy containing glucose syrup and refined glucose. Total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, nicotine, scavenging activity of extracts, VC hard candy and placebo candy were evaluated by folin-ciocalteau reagent, aluminum chloride colorimetric assay, high-performance liquid chromatography, ABTS cation decolorization and DPPH protocols.&lt;strong&gt; Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Total phenolic compounds were significantly different between extracts, but total flavonoids and nicotine were slightly higher in SD extract. Antioxidant activity of both extracts on ABTS radicals was not significantly different, but the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt;) on DPPH radicals was significantly higher in SD extract when compared to the FD extract. Finally, total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids and nicotine, as well as scavenging activity could be detected in hard candy. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;VC can be used as an anti-smoking aid with nicotine replacement and anti-oxidant compounds in pilot hard candy.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">35</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rungtiwa Kanthain&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Supawatchara Singhatong&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Surapol Natakankitkul&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Nathupakorn Dechsupa&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;, Jirakrit Leelarungrayub&lt;sup&gt;5,&lt;/sup&gt;* &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Movement and Exercise Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, THAILAND.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, THAILAND.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, THAILAND.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, THAILAND.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, THAILAND.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nitin Govindrao Dumore</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Milind Janrao Umekar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brijesh Gulabrao Taksande</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manish Manohar Aglawe</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nandkishor Ramdasji Kotagale</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effects of Withania somnifera Nicotine Induced Conditioned Place Preference in Mice</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Condition place preference</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nicotine</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Withania somnifera</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">January 2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">43-47</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; Herbal medicines can be novel treatment strategies for management of nicotine addiction. Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) is an Indian medicinal plant of great medicinal value; used in many clinically proven conditions. Objective: In present study we aimed at investigating the effect of withania somnifera extract (WSE) on preventing nicotine mediated effects attributed for the development of addiction. &lt;strong&gt;Material and Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Mice were treated with nicotine and/or WSE and subjected to nicotine induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in male albino mice was checked.&lt;strong&gt; Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Application of two-way ANOVA showed that with preconditioning and post-conditioning values as a within-subjects (column) factor and treatment as an independent between subject (row) factor. Two-way ANOVA revealed significant effect of treatment [F(3,40)=4.119, p&amp;lt;0.05], time [F(1,40)=23.76, p&amp;lt;0.001] and interactiontreatment x time [F(3,40)=5.244, p&amp;lt;0.01] on Intra-peritoneal (ip) administration of nicotine (1 mg/kg). WSE did not produce any changes in the preference to drug-paired compartment. Factors like treatment [F(3,40) = 0.656, p&amp;gt;0.05], time [F(1,40) = 7.383, p&amp;lt;0.01] and interactiontreatment x time [F(3,40) = 0.5748, p&amp;gt;0.05] showed insignificant effects. Withania somnifera (50,100,200 mg/kg ip) coadministered with nicotine during the 6 days conditioning sessions completely abolished the acquisition of nicotine-induced CPP in mice. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; Above data indicate that withania somnifera attenuate nicotine induced CPP. Hence it has potential as an anti-addictive therapy.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">43</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nitin Govindrao Dumore&lt;sup&gt;1,2*&lt;/sup&gt;, Milind Janrao Umekar&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Brijesh GulabraoTaksande&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Manish Manohar Aglawe&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Nandkishor Ramdasji Kotagale&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, Smt.kishoritai Bhoyar College of pharmacy Kamptee, Nagpur 441002 Maharashtra, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Dadasaheb Balpande College of Pharmacy, Besa, Nagpur,440037 Maharashtra, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacognosy, Government college of Pharmacy, Amaravati, 444601, Maharashtra, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;
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