<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Francis O. Atanu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oghenetega J. Avwioroko</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Omotayo B. Ilesanmi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ojochenemi E. Yakubu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Metformin Potentiates the Antidiabetic Properties of Annona muricata and Tapinanthus globiferus Leaf Extracts in Diabetic Rats</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Annona muricata</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diabetes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drug interaction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tapinanthus globiferus</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">May 2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">614-619</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;There is paucity of experimental evidence on the complementary use of standard anti-diabetic drugs with herbal formulations. &lt;strong&gt;Materials and Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;In this study, extracts of &lt;em&gt;Annona muricata&lt;/em&gt; (AME) and &lt;em&gt;Tapinanthus globiferus&lt;/em&gt; (TGE) were administered with metformin to diabetic rats in order to study the potential complementary effects. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of alloxan (150 mg/kg BW). AME and TGE (200 mg/ kg BW each) and Metformin (100 mg/kg BW) was administered to diabetic rats orally for 21 days. At the end of the study, rats were sacrificed; blood was collected for assessment of lipid profile and kidney function. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Treatment of diabetic rats with AME and TGE caused a significant decrease (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &amp;lt; 0.05) in the concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and Coronary Risk Index (CRI) with a concomitant increase in High Density Lipoprotein (HDL). Similarly, urea and creatinine concentration decreased in diabetic rats administered plant extracts. Co-administration of the plant extracts with metformin significantly improved lipid profiles and kidney function relative to rats administered metformin alone. Co-administration of AME and TGE extracts with metformin produced significant improvement in biochemical indices of diabetic rats. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; The results suggest potential synergistic interaction between the plant extracts and metformin. Furthermore, this work provides scientific support for the concomitant use of the plants used in the study with orthodox drugs for the management of diabetes.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">614</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Francis O. Atanu&lt;sup&gt;1,&lt;/sup&gt;*, Oghenetega J. Avwioroko&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Omotayo B. Ilesanmi&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Ojochenemi E. Yakubu&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Kogi State University, Anyigba, NIGERIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Redeemer’s University, Ede, Osun State, NIGERIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Federal University Otuoke, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, NIGERIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, NIGERIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gouri Kumar Dash</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mohd Haziq Bin Hashim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abdul Karim Russ Hassan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ravindran Muthukumarasamy</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognostic Studies on the Leaves of Annona muricata Linn</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Annona muricata</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fluorescence analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Macroscopy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">microscopy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physicochemical parameters</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Preliminary physiochemical screening</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">January 2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">241-247</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Annona muricata&lt;/em&gt; Linn. (Family: Annonaceae) is a well-known traditional and natural medicine over the world; in Malaysia it serves as a treatment for many kinds of diseases. Studies have been reported that &lt;em&gt;A. muricata &lt;/em&gt;can be used to treat diseases due to its antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antitumor, anthelmintic, analgesic, hypotensive, antiinflammatory, and has immune enhancing properties. Despite having several medicinal functions and properties, however there is no standardization parameters have been reported in the literature for the leaves of&lt;em&gt; A. muricata&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Therefore, through this research study, the macroscopical and microscopical characteristics, physicochemical parameters such as ash values, extractive values, fluorescence analysis and preliminary phytochemical analysis of the leaves were investigated.&lt;strong&gt; Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Based on the observation of the transverse section of the leaves, the presence of upper cuticle, upper epidermis, palisade cells, vascular bundle, spongy mesophyll, phloem fibers, lignified vessels, xylem vessels, collenchyma, lower epidermis, lower cuticle and parenchyma served as important key differentiating features for the studied plant. The powder microscopy revealed the presence of pieces of trichrome, collapsed uniseriate multicellular covering trichrome, spongy mesophyll, phloem fibres, xylem vessels, paracytic stomata and fragment of epidermis showing cell and palisade cell. Calcium oxalate crystals were also observed even though the captured image was slightly unclear. The phytochemical screening of the leaves was carried out using four different extracts which showed the presence of steroids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins carbohydrates and proteins, respectively.&lt;strong&gt; Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; Based on this research finding, the pharmacognostic standardization of the plant can be established thus, providing ease in identifying and determining the purity and quality of the investigated plant.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">241</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Gouri Kumar Dash&lt;sup&gt;1,2&lt;/sup&gt;, Mohd Haziq Bin Hashim&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Abdul Karim Russ Hassan&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Ravindran Muthukumarasamy&lt;sup&gt;1,&lt;/sup&gt;*&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 30450 Ipoh, MALAYSIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Faculty of Medicine, 30450 Ipoh, MALAYSIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nurul Qurrota Ayun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kusmardi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nurhuda</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Berna Elya</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anti-Inflammation of Soursop Leaves (Annona muricata L.) Against Hemorrhoids in Mice Induced by Croton Oil</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Annona muricata</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COX-2</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Croton oil</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hemorrhoid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TNFα</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June 2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">784-792</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Hemorrhoids are rectoanal venous plexus swelling that causes inflammation, pain, and bleeding. Plants with phenolic compounds are known to improve venous tone and anti-inflammation. Soursop leaves (&lt;em&gt;Annona muricata&lt;/em&gt; L.) known contain phenolic compounds and have been used to cure inflammation. However, studies on anti-inflammatory soursop leaves for hemorrhoids are still limited. &lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;This study aims to analyze the effect of Soursop Leaves Ethanol Extract (SLEE) on the histopathological features and expression of COX-2 and TNFα in rectoanal tissue. &lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Swiss mice 20 weeks induced 3 times with 6% croton oil through the anus. SLEE doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/Kg and aspirin as a positive control were given orally for 7 days. Histopathological examination of the rectoanal tissue of mice was assessed by counting cell necrosis, inflammation, vasodilation, and edema using hematoxylin-eosin. Positive cells expressing COX-2 and TNFα were counted on inflammatory epithelial cells using immunohistochemistry. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Administration of SLEE at all doses showed different levels of inflammation, necrosis, vasodilatation and edema in histopathology of rectoanal tissue &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &amp;lt;0.00. All three doses of SLEE show significant anti-inflammatory effects on hemorrhoidal tissue. SLEE doses of 200, 400 mg/Kg significantly decreased COX-2&lt;em&gt; P &lt;/em&gt;&amp;lt;0.05 compared to negative controls, and SLEE doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/Kg significantly decreased TNFα &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &amp;lt;0.05 compared to negative controls. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;SLEE can reduce inflammation and has the potential to be developed as a natural remedy for hemorrhoids.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">784</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nurul Qurrota Ayun&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Kusmardi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Nurhuda&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Berna Elya&lt;sup&gt;3,&lt;/sup&gt;* &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Graduate Programme of Herbal Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pathology Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacognosy- Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fona Qorina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ade Arsianti</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Qotrunnada Fithrotunnisa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NadzilaAnindya Tejaputri</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Norma Nur Azizah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rista Putrianingsih</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cytotoxicity of Soursop Leaves (Annona muricata) against Cervical HeLa Cancer Cells</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Annona muricata</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cytotoxicity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HeLa cells</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soursop</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February  2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20-24</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Cervical cancer is the cancer with highest prevalence and the leading cause of women death in Indonesia. Current treatments available for cervical cancer are chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, and nuclear therapy. Unfortunately, these treatments still have several limitations due to serious side effects, development of resistance, and very expensive price. Therefore, it is necessary to develop effective and low-cost therapy to treat cervical cancer. One of which is by utilizing natural sources available in Indonesia such as soursop (&lt;em&gt;Annona muricata&lt;/em&gt;) leaves which has been used in folk medicine as a treatment for various diseases, including cancer. However, studies about its cytotoxicity against cervical cancer in Indonesia are still limited. &lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;The aim of this research is to analyze the potency of &lt;em&gt;A.muricataleaves&lt;/em&gt; extracts originated from Indonesia as a novel alternative treatment for cervical cancer. &lt;strong&gt;Materials and Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;A.muricata&lt;/em&gt; leaves obtained from Serpong, West Java, Indonesia were grounded and macerated in three different solvents with various polarity, namely ethanol (polar solvent), ethyl acetate (semipolar solvent) and hexane (non-polar solvent). Subsequently, the extracts were diluted into 8 various concentrations. Cytotoxicity of &lt;em&gt;A.muricataleaves &lt;/em&gt;extracts against HeLa cervical cancer cells were determined by MTT assay and expressed by IC&lt;sub&gt;50 &lt;/sub&gt;value.&lt;strong&gt; Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The results showed that three extracts of &lt;em&gt;A.muricata&lt;/em&gt; have strong cytotoxicity against cervical HeLa cells. The highest cytotoxic activity was shown by etanol extract with an IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; of 35.51 μg/mL, followed by ethyl acetate (IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt;: 5.91 μg/mL), and hexane (IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt;: 8.39 μg/mL). &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;A.muricata &lt;/em&gt;leaves extracts are potential to be developed as a novel alternative therapy for cervical cancer.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fona Qorina&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Ade Arsianti&lt;sup&gt;2,3,&lt;/sup&gt;*, Qotrunnada Fithrotunnisa&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, NadzilaAnindya Tejaputri&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Norma Nur Azizah&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Rista Putrianingsih&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Medical Student, Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia, Depok, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Depok, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Drug Development Research Cluster, Drug Discovery Division, Indonesia Medical Education and Research Institute (IMERI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jalan Salemba Raya 6 Jakarta 10430, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Atanu FO</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Avwioroko OJ</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ilesanmi OB</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oguche M</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Comparative Study of the Effects of Annona muricata and Tapinanthus globiferus Extracts on Biochemical Indices of Diabetic Rats</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alloxan</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Annona muricata</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diabetes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mistletoe</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tapinanthus globiferus</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October 2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1365-1370</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Annona muricata&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Tapinanthus globiferus&lt;/em&gt; (mistletoe) are medicinal plants used in traditional medicine to combat an array of human diseases. However, there is dearth of scientific prove for the activity of these plants in the management of non-infectious human diseases such as cancer, insomnia, hypertension, ulcers and diabetes. &lt;strong&gt;Method:&lt;/strong&gt; The present study was designed to assess comparatively the effects of methanol extracts of &lt;em&gt;Annona muricata&lt;/em&gt; (AME) and &lt;em&gt;Tapinanthus globiferus&lt;/em&gt; (TGE) on biochemical indices of alloxan induced diabetic rats. The animals were allocated to eight (8) groups, group I were normal non-diabetic rats, group II (diabetic untreated group), group III treated with metformin alone, groups IV &amp;amp; V were diabetic rats treated with AME at dose of concentration 200 mg/kg BW &amp;amp; 400 mg/kg BW respectively, groups VI &amp;amp; VII were diabetic rats treated with 200 mg/kg BW &amp;amp; 400 mg/kg BW of TGE respectively. Group VIII were diabetic rats treated with AME + TGE at concentration of 200 mg/kg BW each. Concentrations of serum total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG) of alloxan diabetic rats, creatinine and urea were assayed after 21 days of the respective treatments. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Diabetic untreated rats had significant increase &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;&amp;lt;0.05 in TC, TG, urea and creatinine compared to normal control group as opposed to the significant decrease observed for HDL in diabetic rats. However, treatment of diabetic rats with AME and TGE significantly suppressed (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;&amp;lt;0.05) the concentrations of TC, TG and creatinine when compared with the diabetic untreated rats. A similar trend was observed for the calculated atherogenic index of treated rats when compared with diabetic untreated rats. Interestingly, co-administration of AME + TGE improved the biochemical indices of diabetic rats better than using each plant separately. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; The results of this study suggest that AME and TGE could offer some benefits in the management of diabetic complications especially with regard to cardiac and renal health.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1365</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Atanu FO&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;,*, Avwioroko OJ&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Ilesanmi OB&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Oguche M&lt;sup&gt;1 &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Kogi State University, Anyigba, NIGERIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Chemical Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Redeemer’s University, Ede, Osun State, NIGERIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Federal University Otuoke, Bayelsa State, NIGERIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yahaya Gavamukulya</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Esther N Maina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amos M Meroka</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Edwin S Madivoli</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hany A El-Shemy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gabriel Magoma</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fred Wamunyokoli</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liquid Chromatography Single Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry (LC/SQ MS) Analysis Reveals Presence of Novel Antineoplastic Metabolites in Ethanolic Extracts of Fruits and Leaves of Annona muricata</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Annona muricata</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antineoplastic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antioxidant</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ethanolic extracts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LC/SQ MS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytochemicals</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">July 2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">660-668</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Annona muricata&lt;/em&gt;, a tropical plant species belonging to family Annonaceae is one of the most used plants in folk medicine because of its many medicinal uses. Despite its wide usage, there is still need to continue scientifically evaluating its medicinal properties in order to avoid any adverse effects. Elucidating the detailed chemical composition of this plant is a significant step towards this evaluation.&lt;strong&gt; Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; The aim of this study was to conduct LC MS analysis on the ethanolic extracts of fruits and leaves of &lt;em&gt;Annona muricata&lt;/em&gt; for detection of novel metabolites. &lt;strong&gt;Materials and Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Leaves and fruits of &lt;em&gt;Annona muricata&lt;/em&gt; were collected from Eastern Uganda during the month January 2018. Extraction was conducted using the tissue homogenization method and the extracts were analyzed on an LC/SQ MS detection system. The results were obtained by analyzing the MS spectra using the retentions time and fragmentation patterns on the NIST Library.&lt;strong&gt; Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The study revealed that the fruits extracts contain 1,3-Dimethylthiourea and (4-chlorophenyl)-[4-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-[(Z)-3-(dimethylamino) prop-1-enyl]quinolin-6-yl]-(3-methylimidazol-4-yl)methanol, which are reported antioxidant and antineoplastic agents. The leaves contained 2,4,6-Tribromoaniline another antioxidant and antineoplastic agent, while compound (dichlorozirconium(2+);dimethyl-bis(2-methyl-4- phenylinden-1-id-1-yl)silane was found in both extracts of fruits and leaves. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; The current study suggests that ethanolic extracts of fruits and leaves of&lt;em&gt; Annona muricata &lt;/em&gt;contain compounds which are potent antioxidant, antineoplastic and therapeutic agents for various conditions and paves the way for the development of several treatment regimens from these plant parts. Finally, the compounds reported in this study have been identified for the first time as being found in &lt;em&gt;Annona muricata&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">660</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Yahaya Gavamukulya&lt;sup&gt;1,2,*&lt;/sup&gt;, Esther N Maina&lt;sup&gt;1,3&lt;/sup&gt;, Amos Meroka&lt;sup&gt;3,4&lt;/sup&gt;, Edwin S Madivoli&lt;sup&gt;1,5&lt;/sup&gt;, Hany A El- Shemy&lt;sup&gt;1,6&lt;/sup&gt;, Gabriel Magoma&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Fred Wamunyokoli&lt;sup&gt;1,7 &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Pan African University Institute for Basic Sciences, Technology and Innovation (PAUSTI), P. O. Box, 62000-00200 Nairobi, KENYA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Busitema University, P.O. Box, 1460 Mbale, UGANDA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197- 00100 Nairobi, KENYA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Kenya Methodist University, P.O. Box 267-60200 Meru, KENYA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Chemistry, College of Pure and Applied Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P. O. Box, 62000- 00200 Nairobi, KENYA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, EGYPT.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P. O. Box, 62000- 00200 Nairobi, KENYA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GC-MS Analysis of Bioactive Phytochemicals Present in Ethanolic Extracts of Leaves of Annona muricata: A Further Evidence for Its Medicinal Diversity</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Annona muricata</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ethanolic extracts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GC-MS.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytochemicals</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9th June 2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6-6</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Folk medicine has taken an important place especially in developing countries where limited health services are available. However, the absence of scientific evaluation of medicinal plants may cause serious adverse effects. &lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; To analyze the phytochemical composition of the ethanolic extracts of leaves of &lt;em&gt;Annona muricata&lt;/em&gt; using gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS).&lt;strong&gt; Materials and methods:&lt;/strong&gt; GC-MS Analysis was used. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; TheGC-MS Analysis revealed 25 con&amp;not;stituents of which 12 of the compounds were identified. The major constituents were two unidentified compounds with percentage peak areas of 23.51% and 16.8%. Of the identified compounds, the outstanding in composition were 7-Tetradecenal, (Z) (peak area 9.39%), n-Hexadecanoic acid (peak area 7.12%), Oleyl Alcohol (peak area 6.15%), Phytol (peak area 5.61%), cis, cis, cis-7,10,13-Hexadecatrienal (peak area 4.26%), 2-Pentadecanol(peak area 3.93%), 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, ethyl ester (peak area 3.21%), 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, butyl octyl ester (peak area 2.67%), and 1,E-11,Z-13-Octadecatriene (peak area 2.15%), while the rest had less than 2% composition by peak area. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; The current study suggests that ethanolic extracts ofleaves of &lt;em&gt;Annona muricata&lt;/em&gt; are a potent therapeutic agent and paves the way for the development of several treatment regimens based on compounds from this extract.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Key words:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Annona muricata&lt;/em&gt;, ethanolic extracts, phytochemicals, GC-MS.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Yahaya Gavamukulya&lt;sup&gt;1,*&lt;/sup&gt;, Faten Abou-Elella&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Fred Wamunyokoli&lt;sup&gt;1,3&lt;/sup&gt;, Hany A El-Shemy&lt;sup&gt;1,4,* &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Department, Pan African University, Institute for Basic Sciences, Technology and Innovation (PAUISTI &amp;ndash; JKUAT), Nairobi, Kenya&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Biochemistry Department, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), Nairobi, Kenya&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Faculty of Agriculture Research Park (FARP) and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yahaya Gavamukulya</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Faten Abou-Elella</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fred Wamunyokoli</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hany A El-Shemy</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GC-MS Analysis of Bioactive Phytochemicals Present in Ethanolic Extracts of Leaves of Annona muricata: A Further Evidence for Its Medicinal Diversity</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Annona muricata</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ethanolic extracts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GC-MS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Medicinal diversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytochemicals.</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">01/2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">300-304</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Folk medicine has taken an important place especially in developing countries where limited health services are available. However, the absence of scientific evaluation of medicinal plants may cause serious adverse effects. &lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; To analyze the phytochemical composition of the ethanolic extracts of leaves of &lt;em&gt;Annona muricata&lt;/em&gt; using gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). &lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;GC-MS Analysis was used. &lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The GC-MS Analysis revealed 25 constituents of which 12 of the compounds were identified. The major constituents were two unidentified compounds with percentage peak areas of 23.51% and 16.8%. Of the identified compounds, the outstanding in composition were 7-Tetradecenal, (Z) (peak area 9.39%), n-Hexadecanoic acid (peak area 7.12%), Oleyl Alcohol (peak area 6.15%), Phytol (peak area 5.61%), cis, cis, cis-7,10,13-Hexadecatrienal (peak area 4.26%), 2-Pentadecanol (peak area 3.93%), 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, ethyl ester (peak area 3.21%), 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, butyl octyl ester (peak area 2.67%), and 1,E- 11,Z-13-Octadecatriene (peak area 2.15%), while the rest had less than 2% composition by peak area. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; The current study suggests that ethanolic extracts of leaves of &lt;em&gt;Annona muricata&lt;/em&gt; are a potent therapeutic agent and paves the way for the development of several treatment regimens based on compounds from this extract.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">300</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Yahaya Gavamukulya&lt;sup&gt;1,2*&lt;/sup&gt;, Faten Abou-Elella&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Fred Wamunyokoli&lt;sup&gt;1,4 &lt;/sup&gt;and Hany A El-Shemy&lt;sup&gt;1,3,5&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Pan African University, Institute for Basic Sciences, Technology and Innovation (PAUISTI&amp;ndash;JKUAT), Nairobi, Kenya.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Busitema University, Mbale Regional Referal Hospital, Uganda.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), Nairobi, Kenya.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture Research Park (FARP) and Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record></records></xml>