<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">P.B. Lalthanpuii</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kholhring Lalchhandama</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beautyberry (Callicarpa arborea) as an Antiparasitic Agent Against Raillietina echinobothrida, an Intestinal Tapeworm</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Callicarpa arborea</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scanning electron microscopy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tapeworm</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tegument</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February  2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">66-70</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;The beautyberry (&lt;em&gt;Callicarpa arborea&lt;/em&gt; Roxb.) is member of the family Lamiaceae and is native to Asia. It is used in different traditional medicines for the treatment of debilitating ailments including cancer, dermatitis, diabetes mellitus, gastritis, helminthiasis, and pyrexia. A couple of pentacyclic triterpenes and phytosterols have been reported from this plant. Objective: We aimed to investigate the antiparasitic potentials of &lt;em&gt;C. arborea &lt;/em&gt;bark extract. We used an intestinal tapeworm, &lt;em&gt;Raillietina echinobothrida&lt;/em&gt;, for its convenience in handling and established nature as a model helminth parasite. &lt;strong&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; The extract of the stem bark was prepared using methanol. Tapeworms were treated &lt;em&gt;in vitro&lt;/em&gt; with varying concentrations of the extract. Survival values were statistically analysed. Treated tapeworms were fixed and processed for scanning electron microscopy. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;C. arborea &lt;/em&gt;bark extract showed dose-dependent antiparasitic similar to that of albendazole. Scanning electron microscopy revealed damaging effects all over the body of the tapeworm. There was general shrinkage of the tegument on the scolex, neck region and strobila. Microtriches were completely removed throughout the tegument. Suckers and rostellum on the scolex were also deformed. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Our data shows that &lt;em&gt;C. arborea&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;is a promising source of antiparasitic principles.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">66</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;P.B. Lalthanpuii, Kholhring Lalchhandama* &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;Department of Life Sciences, Pachhunga University College, Aizawl 796 001, Mizoram, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Charles Lalnunfela</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PB Lalthanpuii</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TC Lalhriatpuii</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">K Lalchhandama</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">An Endangered Medicinal Plant, Ilex khasiana Exhibits Potent Antiparasitic Activity Against Intestinal Tapeworm</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Medicinal plant</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Parasite</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scanning electron microscopy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tapeworm</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tegument</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">June 2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">725-730</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;A species of holly, &lt;em&gt;Ilex khasiana &lt;/em&gt;Purk. (family Aquifoliaceae) is one of a few critically endangered medicinal plants in India. It is endemic to Khasi Hills, Meghalaya, and Aizawl, Mizoram. In the traditional medicines of Khasi and Mizo people, the leaves are used as a panacea for all sorts of infections. Nothing is known about its true pharmacological potentials. &lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; We aimed to assess the extract of &lt;em&gt;I. khasiana &lt;/em&gt;leaves for its purported antiparasitic property. To test the antiparasitic activity, we collected intestinal tapeworms, &lt;em&gt;Raillietina tetragona.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;strong&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;I. khasiana &lt;/em&gt;leaves were dried and extracted in methanol. The plant extract was used to treat the tapeworms at different concentrations. The efficacy was recorded as survival values and were analysed by Student’s t-test. The plant extracttreated tapeworms were fixed, dehydrated and observed under scanning electron microscopy for studying the structural details. &lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The methanol extract of&lt;em&gt; I. khasiana&lt;/em&gt; leaf showed dose-dependent antiparasitic effect as that of albendazole. The treated tapeworms developed massive structural damages. The scolex was deformed, with its tegument extensively damaged. The suckers had their spines clumped. The body segments severely contracted and some portions were eroded. Hair-like microtriches were completely lost. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; Our findings indicate that &lt;em&gt;I. khasiana&lt;/em&gt; has antiparasitic activity and requires further investigations, and that there is a need to foster its conservation and propagation.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">725</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Charles Lalnunfela&lt;sup&gt;1,2&lt;/sup&gt;, P. B. Lalthanpuii&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, T. C. Lalhriatpuii&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, K. Lalchhandama&lt;sup&gt;2,&lt;/sup&gt;* &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacy, Regional Institute of Paramedical and Nursing Sciences, Zemabawk 796017, Mizoram, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Life Sciences, Pachhunga University College, Aizawl 796001, Mizoram, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Juarez Henrique Ferreira</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rafael Martinez Garcia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fariza Abrão</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yadira Arnet Fernandez</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regina Helena Pires</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sérgio Ricardo Ambrósio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodrigo Cassio Sola Veneziani</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carlos Henrique Gomes Martins</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bactericidal Kinetics and Antibiofilm Efficacy of Pimarane-Type Diterpenes from Viguiera arenaria Against Cariogenic Bacteria</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antibacterial activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bactericidal kinetics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scanning electron microscopy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Streptococcus mutans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Viguiera arenaria</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March 2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://fulltxt.org/article/503</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">429-434</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; Dental caries is an infectious disease related to biofilm formation. Among the microorganisms presents in the oral microbiota, &lt;em&gt;Streptococcus mutans&lt;/em&gt; can form biofilm on the tooth surface in the presence of dietary carbohydrates. This study aimed to evaluate the bactericidal kinetics and antibiofilm efficacy of ent-pimara-8(14),15-dien-19-oic acid (compound 1) and ent-8(14),15-pimaradien-3&amp;beta;-ol (compound 2) obtained from &lt;em&gt;Viguiera arenaria &lt;/em&gt;against oral pathogens; this study also aimed to determine the effect of these compounds on the morphology and architecture of the &lt;em&gt;S. mutans&lt;/em&gt; biofilm by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). &lt;strong&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; The bactericidal kinetics revealed different results depending on the tested bacteria. Compound 1 eliminated the viable bacteria within 24 hs of incubation. In the antibiofilm assay, compound 1 displayed promising results against S. mitis (ATCC 49456 and clinical isolate) and &lt;em&gt;L. casei&lt;/em&gt; (clinical isolate), whereas compound 2 was not active at the evaluated concentrations. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; Compound 1 is an important metabolite in the search for new antibacterial agents against cariogenic bacteria both in the sessile and planktonic modes. The SEM image of &lt;em&gt;Streptococcus mutans&lt;/em&gt; in the presence of compound 1 suggested that this metabolite acts by disrupting the bacterial membrane disrupting the bacterial membrane and/or cell wall and causing microrganism death.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">429</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Juarez Henrique Ferreira&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Rafael Martinez Garcia&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Fariza Abr&amp;atilde;o&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Yadira Arnet Fernandez&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Regina Helena Pires&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, S&amp;eacute;rgio Ricardo Ambr&amp;oacute;sio&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Rodrigo Cassio Sola Veneziani&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Carlos Henrique Gomes Martins&lt;sup&gt;1*&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Research Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, University of Franca, Franca, SP, BRAZIL.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Nucleus of Research in Sciences and Technology, University of Franca, Franca, SP, BRAZIL.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record></records></xml>