<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amaresh Parimi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silambarasan K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prashantkumar Goudappala</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ravi Mundugaru</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Parameswari Royapuram Parthasarathy</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Synergistic antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of Tinospora cordifolia and Azadirachta indica extracts supported by in-silico molecular docking and ADMET evaluation</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antioxidants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Azadirachta indica</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PTP1B</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tinospora cordifolia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">α-amylase</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">α-glucosidase</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December 2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">310-321</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; Type 2 Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder which worsens by increased oxidative stress resulting in other diabetes associated complications. Tinospora cordifolia (TC) and &lt;em&gt;Azadirachta indica&lt;/em&gt; (AI) are traditional medicinal plants that has been used for diabetes since ancient times, but their combined potential as a formulation has not been evaluated for the management of diabetes. &lt;strong&gt;Objectives:&lt;/strong&gt; This study aimed to profile the phytochemical composition of 70% hydroethanolic extracts of TC and AI, assess their antioxidant and antidiabetic activity individually and in combination, and further substantiate their efficacy through in-silico molecular docking and ADMET evaluation of their key bioactive compounds, berberine and nimbolide. &lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Hydroethanolic extracts of TC and AI were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening, quantification of primary and secondary metabolites, and HPTLC profiling. Five combinations of TC:AI (1:1, 1:2, 2:1, 1:3, 3:1) were prepared and evaluated for antioxidant activity using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays, and for antidiabetic potential using α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and PTP1B inhibition assays. IC&lt;sub&gt;₅₀&lt;/sub&gt; values were calculated. &lt;em&gt;In-silico&lt;/em&gt; studies were performed for berberine and nimbolide using AutoDock 4.2.6 against PPARγ, GLUT4, and IRS1. Drug-likeness and ADMET properties were predicted using SwissADME and pkCSM. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Phytochemical profiling confirmed the presence of alkaloids, polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins. TC demonstrated stronger inherent antioxidant and antidiabetic activity than AI. Among combinations, 1:1 and 3:1 formulations showed the highest potency with IC₅₀ values comparable to standards. Molecular docking revealed strong binding affinities of berberine and nimbolide toward PPARγ, GLUT4, and IRS1, while ADMET prediction indicated acceptable pharmacokinetic behaviour and good drug-likeness. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; The TC:AI 1:1 formulation exhibited synergistic antioxidant and antidiabetic effects, supported by favorable &lt;em&gt;in-silico&lt;/em&gt; interactions and pharmacokinetic profiles, highlighting its potential as a natural therapeutic option for T2DM management.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">310</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Amaresh Parimi&lt;sup&gt;1,2&lt;/sup&gt;, Silambarasan K&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Prashantkumar Goudappala&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;, Ravi Mundugaru&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;, Parameswari Royapuram Parthasarathy&lt;sup&gt;3*&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai–602105, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacology, Navodaya Medical College hospital and Research Centre, Raichur Karnataka, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Molecular Biochemistry Lab, Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai–602105, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biochemistry, Sri Siddhartha Medical College, Sri Siddhartha Academy of Higher Education, Tumkur–572107, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacology, Adichunchangari Institute of Medical Sciences, B.G Nagar Mandya Karnataka, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ayodeji Oluwabunmi Oriola</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallab Kar</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Green Synthesis Using Black Cumin Seed Aqueous Extract: Its Characterization and in vitro Anti- Hyperglycaemic Properties</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anti-Hyperglycaemia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Black cumin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ZnO Nanoparticles</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">α-amylase</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">α-glucosidase</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August 2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">434-437</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction:&lt;/strong&gt; α-Amylase and α-glucosidase are carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes that are known to be involved in postprandial hyperglycaemia in diabetic patients. &lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; In a bid to source potent inhibitors of these enzymes, the study synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles and evaluated the in vitro anti-hyperglycaemic activity.&lt;strong&gt; Materials and Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; The seed aqueous extract of black Cumin (BC) was used as a capping and/or reducing agent to synthesize ZnO NPs from zinc acetate precursor. The BC-ZnONPs were characterized by microscopy (FESEM and HRTEM) and spectroscopy (UV-Vis and EDX) methods. &lt;em&gt;In vitro &lt;/em&gt;anti-hyperglycaemic evaluation was based on α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition assays. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The BC-ZnONPs showed a spherical-to-cubical shape with a 10-50 nm size range. The UV-Vis absorption peaks at 387 and 415 nm suggest the formation of biogenic ZnO NPs. The EDX spectrum revealed 68.92% and 27.49% weight compositions of Zn and O, respectively, to further substantiate ZnO nanoparticle synthesis. The BC-ZnONPs showed notable anti-hyperglycaemic properties with IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; of 87.72±5.13 and 124.21±15.20 μg/mL against α-amylase and α-glucosidase, respectively.&lt;strong&gt; Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Black Cumin seed extract was a useful biogenic material for synthesizing ZnO NPs. The BCZnONPs showed promising anti-hyperglycaemic properties based on the notable inhibitory activities against α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. Future work may include evaluating the synergistic effects of black Cumin metabolites and ZnONPs, as well as determining the in vivo toxicity profile for safety considerations.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">434</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ayodeji Oluwabunmi Oriola&lt;sup&gt;1*&lt;/sup&gt;, Pallab Kar&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Nelson Mandela Drive, P/ Bag X1, Mthatha 5117, SOUTH AFRICA&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;African Medicinal Flora and Fauna Research Niche Area, Walter Sisulu University, Nelson Mandela Drive, P/Bag X1, Mthatha 5117, SOUTH AFRICA&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oluwafemi Adeleke Ojo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Basiru Olaitan Ajiboye</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oluwatosin Debbie Imiere</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oluwatosin Adeyonu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Israel Olayide</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adewale Fadaka</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antioxidative Properties of Blighia sapida K.D. Koenig Stem Bark Extract and Inhibitory Effects on Carbohydrate Hydrolyzing Enzymes Associated with Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antidiabetic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">antioxidant activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blighia sapida K D Koenig</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">α-amylase</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">α-glucosidase</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">January 2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://fulltxt.org/article/494</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">376-383</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background and Aim:&lt;/strong&gt; In Africa, the fruit, seed, leaf, and stem of &lt;em&gt;Blighia sapida&lt;/em&gt; K.D. Koenig are used as remedy for a range of diseases. This study characterized the phytochemicals, assessed the antioxidant and inhibitory properties of the stem bark of &lt;em&gt;Blighia sapida&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Samples were consecutively extracted using ethanol solvent and investigated for phenol content, DPPH radical scavenging abilities, iron chelation, reducing power, &amp;alpha;-amylase and &amp;alpha;-glucosidase activities as markers of &lt;em&gt;in vitro&lt;/em&gt; anti-diabetic activities. Phytochemicals were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The extract had radical scavenging capabilities, iron chelation and reducing power. Furthermore, the results reveal the extract had considerably high &amp;alpha;-glucosidase and &amp;alpha;- amylase inhibitory activities as the concentration increases with IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; values of 4.17 &amp;plusmn; 0.24 mg/mL and 5.30 &amp;plusmn; 1.25 mg/mL, respectively. Enzyme kinetic studies indicated that the extract displayed uncompetitive inhibitor for &amp;alpha;-glucosidase and was a competitive inhibitor of &amp;alpha;-amylase. The ethanolic extract is rich in several aromatic phenolic compounds and long chain aliphatic acids. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; These results reveal the bark possessed antioxidant as well as &amp;alpha; -glucosidase and &amp;alpha; -amylase inhibitory activities.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">376</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Oluwafemi Adeleke Ojo*, Basiru Olaitan Ajiboye, Oluwatosin Debbie Imiere, Oluwatosin Adeyonu, Israel Olayide, Adewale Fadaka &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Phytomedicine, Biochemical Toxicology and Diabetes Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, NIGERIA.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wanwisa Khunawattanakul</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Passakorn Boonma</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ronnarit Kampetch</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Achida Jaruchotikamol</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Benjamart Cushnie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sakulrat Rattanakiat</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pawitra Pulbutr</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inhibitory Actions of Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers. Aqueous and Ethanolic Leaf Extracts against Carbohydrate-digesting Enzymes</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diabetes mellitus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">α-amylase</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">α-glucosidase</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">November 2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">s113-s118</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Context:&lt;/strong&gt; The leaves of &lt;em&gt;Lagerstroemia speciosa&lt;/em&gt; (L.) Pers. (banaba) have been consumed traditionally in several Southeast Asian countries for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The plasma glucose lowering actions of this medicinal plant were proposed to be linked with several mechanisms of action. However, its inhibitory actions against &amp;alpha;-amylase and &amp;alpha;-glucosidase, which play a major role in the regulation of postprandial plasma glucose, have not been clearly established. &lt;strong&gt;Aims:&lt;/strong&gt; This study thus aimed to investigate the effects of &lt;em&gt;Lagerstroemia speciosa&lt;/em&gt; (L.) Pers. aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts (LSA and LSE extracts, respectively) on in vitro carbohydrate-digesting enzyme activities and enzyme kinetics. Settings and Design: In vitro carbohydrate-digesting enzyme activity assay. &lt;strong&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; The activities of &amp;alpha;-amylase and &amp;alpha;-glucosidase were indicated by the amounts of maltose and p-nitrophenol generated in the reactions, respectively.&lt;strong&gt; Statistical analysis used:&lt;/strong&gt; The data were analysed by using one-way ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni post-hoc test. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The LSA extract significantly inhibited both &amp;alpha;-amylase and &amp;alpha;-glucosidase enzymes with the IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt;s of 1.21&amp;plusmn;0.16 and 49.71&amp;plusmn;0.86 &amp;mu;g/mL, respectively. Meanwhile, the LSE extract selectively inhibited &amp;alpha;-amylase activity (IC&lt;sub&gt;50 &lt;/sub&gt;= 22.21&amp;plusmn;4.00 &amp;mu;g/mL) with no apparent inhibition against &amp;alpha;-glucosidase activity. Both LSA and LSE extracts inhibited &amp;alpha;-amylase enzyme in a mixed inhibition manner whilst the LSA extract also acted as a mixed inhibitor against &amp;alpha;-glucosidase enzyme. The extracts possessed higher binding affinities toward the enzymes, indicated by the lower Ki values, when compared to acarbose (positive control). &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; These results suggest the potential use of the extracts for a control of postprandial plasma glucose.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6s</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">s113</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wanwisa Khunnawattanakul, Passakorn Boonma, Ronnarit Kampetch, Achida Jaruchotikamol, Benjamart Cushnie, Sakulrat Rattanakiat, Pawitra Pulbutr&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Natural Product Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44150, THAILAND.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record></records></xml>