<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paavai Ilango</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vasugi Suresh</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ayswarya V Vummidi1</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vanessa Ravel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Veejai Chandran</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arulpari Mahalingam</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vineela Katam Reddy</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Lemongrass Oil Against Oral Clinical Isolates – An In vitro Study</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antibacterial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lemongrass essential oil</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Minimal inhibitory Concentration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tetracycline</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September 2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1023-1028</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; There are 1,200 oral species out of which 400 are potentially important and 20 organisms are periopathic. Periodontal flora plays the important role in initiation and progression of periodontal diseases. There are various conservative and surgical procedures to treat and prevent periodontal diseases. Local drug delivery agents reduce microbial burden, blocks collagenase activity and inhibits bone loss; out of which tetracycline is common in use. Unwanted side effects and resistance of microorganisms towards antibiotics due to their widespread use have modified the general prescription about their efficacy. Various researches elucidate that herbal extracts exhibit wide range of antibacterial activity. In recent years, Lemongrass essential oil gains scientific interest as it targets even the periodontal pathogens. The purpose of this study is to comparatively evaluate the antibacterial activity of lemongrass essential oil with that of tetracycline. &lt;strong&gt;Aim and objective:&lt;/strong&gt; To comparatively evaluate the antibacterial activity of lemongrass essential oil with tetracycline against Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Lactobacillus and to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration of lemongrass essential oil. &lt;strong&gt;Study design:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; In vitro&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;strong&gt; Materials and Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; It is an&lt;em&gt; in vitro&lt;/em&gt; study done to demonstrate the antimicrobial activity of lemongrass against the oral microbes. Based on their involvement in various clinical conditions Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Lactobacillus were selected for the study. These organisms were inoculated to a solid media and incubated overnight aerobically at 37°C to obtain a pure culture. The culture was made as a suspension in sterile saline with the turbidity matching 0.5 Macfarland standard. This is used to make a lawn culture on the Mueller Hinton Agar. Antimicrobial effect of tetracycline was tested using standard disc of doxycycline 30 mcg (Himedia, SD012) and sterile disc was used to prepare lemongrass essential oil which contained 10 μl, 15 μl and 20μl. In each category 5 discs were tested to get a mean zone of inhibition. After 24 hours of incubation the zone of inhibition was measure in mm using a scale. The measured zone size was tabulated and compared among the groups. &lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The minimal inhibitory concentration of lemon grass essential oil was estimated to be 10μl. Statistically significant zone of inhibition and antibacterial zone was greater in lemongrass essential oil than tetracycline for Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus epidermis. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Lemongrass essential oil showed higher antibacterial activity than tetracycline. Hence, it can be used as a good alternative to tetracycline or adjunctive in the treatment of periodontitis.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1023</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Paavai Ilango&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Vasugi Suresh&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Ayswarya V Vummidi&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Vanessa Ravel&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Veejai Chandran&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Arulpari Mahalingam&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Vineela Katam Reddy&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Periodontics, Priyadarshini Dental College &amp;amp; Hospital, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Physiology, Priyadarshini Dental College &amp;amp; Hospital, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pedodontics, Thai Moogambigai Dental College &amp;amp; Hospital, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Department of periodontics, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Puducherry, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Giftania Wardani</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mahmiah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sri Agus Sudjarwo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In vitro Antibacterial Activity of Chitosan Nanoparticles against Mycobacterium tuberculosis</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chitosan nanoparticle</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">M. tuberculosis H37Rv</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Minimal bactericidal concentration.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Minimal inhibitory Concentration</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December 2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://fulltxt.org/article/413</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">162-166</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; Chitosan nanoparticles have gained growing interest for nanomedicine, biomedical engineering and development of new therapeutic with improved bioavailability, increased sensitivity and specificity, and reduced toxicity. &lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; The aim of the present study is to synthesis of the chitosan nanoparticles for antimycobacterial applications. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Chitosan were isolated from the shrimp shell. Tripolyphosphate (TPP) will be used to prepare chitosan nanoparticles by ionotropic gelation method. The size and morphology of the chitosan nanoparticle was analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The broth microdilution method is used to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of nanoparticle chitosan on strain &lt;em&gt;M. tuberculosis&lt;/em&gt; H37Rv. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The SEM micrographs of the nano-magnetic chitosan showed that they were approximately uniform spheres and the rough surface morphology, have a solid dense cubical or rectangular structure. Using the broth microdilution susceptibility method, chitosan nanoparticle was found to have the antimycobacterial effects with a MIC value of 1200 &amp;mu;g/mL whilst MBCs value of 2400 &amp;mu;g/mL for &lt;em&gt;M. tuberculosis&lt;/em&gt; H37Rv. Conclusion: The conclusion from the study was chitosan nanoparticle have potential as a source of lead compounds that may be developed further into antimycobacterial drugs.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">162</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Giftania Wardani&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Mahmiah&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Sri Agus Sudjarwo&lt;sup&gt;2 &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacy Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hang Tuah University, Surabaya, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya-60115, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record></records></xml>