<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Camille Rabadeaux</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lou Vallette</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Joseph Sirdaarta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Craig Davis</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ian Edwin Cock</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">An examination of the Antimicrobial and Anticancer Properties of Khaya senegalensis (Desr.) A. Juss. Bark Extracts</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">African mahogany</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anti bacterial activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anti-cancer activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anti-proliferative activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Giardia duodenalis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Meliaceae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sub-critical fluid extraction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terpenoid.</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">May 2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">/files/PJ-9-4/10.5530pj.2017.4.82</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">504-518</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Khaya senegalensis&lt;/em&gt; (Desr.) A. Juss. is a common component of the pharmacopeia&amp;rsquo;s of multiple African groupings which inhabit the areas in which it grows. Amongst these groups there is a myriad of medicinal uses in the treatment of a wide variety of bacterial, fungal and protozoal infections, as well as in the treatment of cancers. This study was undertaken to test &lt;em&gt;K. senegalensis&lt;/em&gt; bark extracts for the ability to inhibit microbial and cancer cell growth, and thus to validate traditional African medicinal usage of this plant in treating a variety of diseases. &lt;strong&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;K. senegalensis&lt;/em&gt; bark powder was extracted by both solvent maceration and subcritical fluid extraction (SFE). The extracts were tested for the ability to inhibit bacterial and &lt;em&gt;G. duodenalis &lt;/em&gt;growth. Inhibition of Caco-2 and HeLa cancer cells was evaluated using MTS-based colorimetric cell proliferation assays. Toxicity was evaluated using an &lt;em&gt;Artemia franciscana&lt;/em&gt; nauplii bioassay and GC-MS headspace analysis was used to identify phytochemical components. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;K. senegalensis&lt;/em&gt; bark extracts displayed strong inhibitory activity against bacterial triggers of several autoimmune inflammatory diseases. The growth inhibitory activity of the methanolic and subcritical extracts was particularly noteworthy against &lt;em&gt;P. mirabilis&lt;/em&gt; (MIC values of 185 and 211&amp;mu;g/mL, respectively against the reference strains). These extracts were similarly potent growth inhibitors of &lt;em&gt;K. pneumoniae&lt;/em&gt; and A. &lt;em&gt;baylyi&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;and were moderate inhibitors (MIC &amp;gt;1000&amp;mu;g/mL) of &lt;em&gt;P. aeruginosa&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;S. pyogenes&lt;/em&gt; growth. The methanolic and subcritical &lt;em&gt;K. senegalensis&lt;/em&gt; extracts were also potent inhibitors of &lt;em&gt;G. duodenalis &lt;/em&gt;(187 and 328&amp;mu;g/mL, respectively), as well as Caco-2 (268 and 470&amp;mu;g/mL, respectively) and HeLa carcinomas (155 and 174&amp;mu;g/mL, respectively). GC-MS analysis of the SFE extract revealed &lt;em&gt;relative&lt;/em&gt; abundances of a variety of mono- and sesquiterpenoids. Furthermore, all &lt;em&gt;K. senegalensis&lt;/em&gt; bark extracts were non-toxic in the &lt;em&gt;Artemia franciscana&lt;/em&gt; toxicity assay, indicating their safety for therapeutic use. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; These studies validate traditional African therapeutic usage of &lt;em&gt;K. senegalensis&lt;/em&gt; in the treatment of microbial infections, autoimmune inflammatory diseases and some cancers.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">504</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Camille Rabadeaux&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;,&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Lou Vallette&lt;sup&gt;1,2&lt;/sup&gt;, Joseph Sirdaarta&lt;sup&gt;1,3&lt;/sup&gt;, Craig Davis&lt;sup&gt;4,5&lt;/sup&gt;, Ian Edwin Cock&lt;sup&gt;1,3&lt;/sup&gt;* &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, AUSTRALIA.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;School of Biology, Ecole de Biologie Industrielle (EBI), Cergy, FRANCE. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Brisbane, AUSTRALIA.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Botanical Medicine Research Institute, Brisbane, AUSTRALIA.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;Bioextracts P/L, Brisbane, AUSTRALIA.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record></records></xml>