<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Patcharin Singdam</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anussara Kamnate</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">On-Anong Somsap</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ruhainee Tohkayomatee</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant Potential, and α-Glucosidase Inhibition of Causonis trifolia Leaf Extracts: A Solvent-Based Comparative Study</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antidiabetic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antioxidant</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Causonis trifolia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">α-glucosidase</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April 2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">164-170</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Medicinal plants are used in diabetes mellitus due to their proven minimal adverse effects in humans. &lt;em&gt;Causonis trifolia&lt;/em&gt; leaves have been used as traditional medicine for various treatments. &lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; The aim of this research was to investigate the phytochemicals, the total flavonoid and phenolic content, and in-vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of the extracts of &lt;em&gt;C. trifolia &lt;/em&gt;leaves. &lt;strong&gt;Method:&lt;/strong&gt; The leaves of &lt;em&gt;C. trifolia&lt;/em&gt; were sequentially extracted with maceration in hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and 50% ethanol. Then, the &lt;em&gt;C. trifolia&lt;/em&gt; leaf extracts were assessed for antioxidant activity by the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging and FRAP assay. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by the Folin- Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride colorimetric methods, respectively. Antidiabetic activity was evaluated by determination of α-glucosidase inhibitory effect. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Preliminary phytochemical analysis of ethanol and 50% ethanol extracts of &lt;em&gt;C. trifolia&lt;/em&gt; leaves showed positive results for alkaloids, coumarin, tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, and steroids. The 50% ethanol extract had the best antioxidant activities of the three antioxidant assays (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &amp;lt; 0.05). The results revealed higher phenolic and flavonoid contents in 50% ethanol extract than in the other extracts (p &amp;lt; 0.05). Moreover, the 50% ethanol extract exhibited the best potential as α-glucosidase inhibitors of all the extracts and acarbose (&lt;em&gt;p &lt;/em&gt;&amp;lt; 0.05). &lt;strong&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/strong&gt; The results conclude that the &lt;em&gt;C. trifolia&lt;/em&gt; leaves with 50% ethanol as the solvent possessed the potential to extract the highest levels of phytochemical content and have potential antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities for diabetic therapy.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">164</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Patcharin Singdam&lt;sup&gt;1*&lt;/sup&gt;, Anussara Kamnate&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, On-Anong Somsap&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Ruhainee Tohkayomatee&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Princess of Naradhiwas University, Narathiwat 96000, THAILAND.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Princess of Naradhiwas University, Narathiwat 96000, THAILAND&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Princess of Naradhiwas University, Narathiwat 96000, THAILAND.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amaresh Parimi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silambarasan K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prashantkumar Goudappala</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ravi Mundugaru</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Parameswari Royapuram Parthasarathy</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Synergistic antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of Tinospora cordifolia and Azadirachta indica extracts supported by in-silico molecular docking and ADMET evaluation</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antioxidants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Azadirachta indica</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PTP1B</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tinospora cordifolia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">α-amylase</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">α-glucosidase</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December 2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">310-321</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; Type 2 Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder which worsens by increased oxidative stress resulting in other diabetes associated complications. Tinospora cordifolia (TC) and &lt;em&gt;Azadirachta indica&lt;/em&gt; (AI) are traditional medicinal plants that has been used for diabetes since ancient times, but their combined potential as a formulation has not been evaluated for the management of diabetes. &lt;strong&gt;Objectives:&lt;/strong&gt; This study aimed to profile the phytochemical composition of 70% hydroethanolic extracts of TC and AI, assess their antioxidant and antidiabetic activity individually and in combination, and further substantiate their efficacy through in-silico molecular docking and ADMET evaluation of their key bioactive compounds, berberine and nimbolide. &lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Hydroethanolic extracts of TC and AI were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening, quantification of primary and secondary metabolites, and HPTLC profiling. Five combinations of TC:AI (1:1, 1:2, 2:1, 1:3, 3:1) were prepared and evaluated for antioxidant activity using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays, and for antidiabetic potential using α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and PTP1B inhibition assays. IC&lt;sub&gt;₅₀&lt;/sub&gt; values were calculated. &lt;em&gt;In-silico&lt;/em&gt; studies were performed for berberine and nimbolide using AutoDock 4.2.6 against PPARγ, GLUT4, and IRS1. Drug-likeness and ADMET properties were predicted using SwissADME and pkCSM. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Phytochemical profiling confirmed the presence of alkaloids, polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins. TC demonstrated stronger inherent antioxidant and antidiabetic activity than AI. Among combinations, 1:1 and 3:1 formulations showed the highest potency with IC₅₀ values comparable to standards. Molecular docking revealed strong binding affinities of berberine and nimbolide toward PPARγ, GLUT4, and IRS1, while ADMET prediction indicated acceptable pharmacokinetic behaviour and good drug-likeness. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; The TC:AI 1:1 formulation exhibited synergistic antioxidant and antidiabetic effects, supported by favorable &lt;em&gt;in-silico&lt;/em&gt; interactions and pharmacokinetic profiles, highlighting its potential as a natural therapeutic option for T2DM management.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">310</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Amaresh Parimi&lt;sup&gt;1,2&lt;/sup&gt;, Silambarasan K&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Prashantkumar Goudappala&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;, Ravi Mundugaru&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;, Parameswari Royapuram Parthasarathy&lt;sup&gt;3*&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai–602105, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacology, Navodaya Medical College hospital and Research Centre, Raichur Karnataka, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Molecular Biochemistry Lab, Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai–602105, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biochemistry, Sri Siddhartha Medical College, Sri Siddhartha Academy of Higher Education, Tumkur–572107, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacology, Adichunchangari Institute of Medical Sciences, B.G Nagar Mandya Karnataka, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ayodeji Oluwabunmi Oriola</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pallab Kar</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Green Synthesis Using Black Cumin Seed Aqueous Extract: Its Characterization and in vitro Anti- Hyperglycaemic Properties</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anti-Hyperglycaemia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Black cumin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ZnO Nanoparticles</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">α-amylase</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">α-glucosidase</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August 2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">434-437</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction:&lt;/strong&gt; α-Amylase and α-glucosidase are carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes that are known to be involved in postprandial hyperglycaemia in diabetic patients. &lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; In a bid to source potent inhibitors of these enzymes, the study synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles and evaluated the in vitro anti-hyperglycaemic activity.&lt;strong&gt; Materials and Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; The seed aqueous extract of black Cumin (BC) was used as a capping and/or reducing agent to synthesize ZnO NPs from zinc acetate precursor. The BC-ZnONPs were characterized by microscopy (FESEM and HRTEM) and spectroscopy (UV-Vis and EDX) methods. &lt;em&gt;In vitro &lt;/em&gt;anti-hyperglycaemic evaluation was based on α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition assays. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The BC-ZnONPs showed a spherical-to-cubical shape with a 10-50 nm size range. The UV-Vis absorption peaks at 387 and 415 nm suggest the formation of biogenic ZnO NPs. The EDX spectrum revealed 68.92% and 27.49% weight compositions of Zn and O, respectively, to further substantiate ZnO nanoparticle synthesis. The BC-ZnONPs showed notable anti-hyperglycaemic properties with IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; of 87.72±5.13 and 124.21±15.20 μg/mL against α-amylase and α-glucosidase, respectively.&lt;strong&gt; Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Black Cumin seed extract was a useful biogenic material for synthesizing ZnO NPs. The BCZnONPs showed promising anti-hyperglycaemic properties based on the notable inhibitory activities against α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. Future work may include evaluating the synergistic effects of black Cumin metabolites and ZnONPs, as well as determining the in vivo toxicity profile for safety considerations.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">434</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ayodeji Oluwabunmi Oriola&lt;sup&gt;1*&lt;/sup&gt;, Pallab Kar&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Nelson Mandela Drive, P/ Bag X1, Mthatha 5117, SOUTH AFRICA&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;African Medicinal Flora and Fauna Research Niche Area, Walter Sisulu University, Nelson Mandela Drive, P/Bag X1, Mthatha 5117, SOUTH AFRICA&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yanu Andhiarto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suciati</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ersanda Nurma Praditapuspa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sukardiman</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In Silico Analysis and ADMET Prediction of Flavonoid Compounds from Syzigium cumini var. album on α-Glucosidase Receptor for Searching Anti-Diabetic Drug Candidates</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flavonoid.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molecular docking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PASS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacokinetics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">α-glucosidase</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December 2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">736-743</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;One of the causes of death is diabetes. Anti-diabetic drugs currently available do not work optimally because some have been reported to have side effect and resistance. Objective: This study aimed to flavonoid compounds from &lt;em&gt;Syzygium cumini&lt;/em&gt; var. album with the greatest anti-diabetic activity and lower toxicity than acarbose. &lt;strong&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; This research is an&lt;em&gt; in silico&lt;/em&gt; study of nine flavonoid compounds from&lt;em&gt; Syzygium cumin&lt;/em&gt;i var. album, starting with PASS online was used to predict the activity spectrum of substances, drug-likeness prediction using DruLiTo, ADMET prediction (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) using pkCSM online. Molecular docking was carried out by the AutoDock 4.2.6 program on α-glucosidase targeting. Visualization is done with the Discovery Studio Visualizer software.&lt;strong&gt; Results:&lt;/strong&gt; From the data obtained, D-(+)-Catechin has a high affinity for α-glucosidase with a free energy of binding (ΔG) -5.94 kcal/mol and an inhibition constant (Ki) of 44270 nm.&lt;strong&gt; Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the flavonoid compounds from &lt;em&gt;Syzygium cumini&lt;/em&gt; var. album has the potential as a promising anti-diabetic drug candidate, where the best candidate is D- (+)-Catechin. However, further studies of flavonoid compounds from&lt;em&gt; Syzygium cumini&lt;/em&gt; var. album are needed.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;quillbot-extension-portal&gt;&lt;/quillbot-extension-portal&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">736</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Yanu Andhiarto&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Suciati&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Ersanda Nurma Praditapuspa&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Sukardiman&lt;sup&gt;2*&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Doctoral Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Surabaya, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Surabaya, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hang Tuah University, Surabaya, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;quillbot-extension-portal&gt;&lt;/quillbot-extension-portal&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhamad Dea Firdaus</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nina Artanti</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhammad Hanafi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rosmalena</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytochemical Constituents and In vitro Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Properties of Various Extracts of Kenikir (Cosmos caudatus) Leaves</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">α-glucosidase</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">July 2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">890-895</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common degenerative disorders. For therapeutic use, herbs are commonly used in Indonesia for T2DM treatment, one of them is (&lt;em&gt;Cosmos caudatus&lt;/em&gt;) &lt;em&gt;kenikir’s &lt;/em&gt;leaves. In previous studies, &lt;em&gt;kenikir's l&lt;/em&gt;eaves have high antidiabetic and antioxidant activity. However, a comparison of antidiabetic activity from many extracts of &lt;em&gt;kenikir's&lt;/em&gt; leave is remain unclear. This study will compare the antidiabetic and antioxidant properties of various&lt;em&gt; kenikir’s &lt;/em&gt;leave extract. &lt;em&gt;Kenikir’s&lt;/em&gt; leaves are extracted by maceration methods for three days using three different solvents: boiling water, 50% ethanol, dan ethanol 100%. Then, phenolic and flavonoid content will be measured, as well as antioxidant properties by DPPH radical scavenging activity assay, and antidiabetic properties by α-glucosidase inhibition assay, also LCMS/MS will be used to predict the compound from each extract. The result shows that 50% ethanol extract has highest phenolic and flavonoid content than others. It also has significantly higher antioxidant (p&amp;lt;0.05) and antidiabetic (p&amp;lt;0.05) properties than others. Meanwhile, LCMS/MS result of 50% ethanol extract predicts 6 chemical component, that quercetin is the most dominant compound. 50% ethanol extract of &lt;em&gt;kenikir’s&lt;/em&gt; leaves is superior from other extracts on phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant properties, and antidiabetic properties.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">890</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Muhamad Dea Firdaus&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Nina Artanti&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Muhammad Hanafi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Rosmalena&lt;sup&gt;1,&lt;/sup&gt;*&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Research Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Kawasan PUSPITEK, Serpong, South Tangerang, Banten, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fania El Ridhasya</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Novia Rahim</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muhammad Almurdani</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rudi Hendra</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hilwan Yuda Teruna</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antidiabetic Constituents from Helminthostachys zeylanica (L) Hook (Ophioglossaceae)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antidiabetic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Helminthostacys zeylanica</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ophioglossaceae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">α-glucosidase</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March 2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">223-226</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; The roots of tunjuk langit (&lt;em&gt;Helminthostacshys zeylanica&lt;/em&gt;) have been used traditionally in some villages in Indonesia, particularly in Riau Province. &lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; In this study we reported two flavonoids and their antidiabetic activity. &lt;strong&gt;Material and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Isolation of the metabolites was based on polarity fractionation method. Purification processes were conducted by vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC). Chemical structures were elucidated based on spectroscopy characteristics, including FTIR and 1D/2D NMR. &lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The isolated compounds were identified as ugonin J and K. The antidiabetic activity was measured by &lt;em&gt;α&lt;/em&gt;-glucosidase inhibitor assay. The antidiabetic activity of ugonin J was found at IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; 273,13±0,402 ppm and Ugonin K was found at IC&lt;sub&gt;50 &lt;/sub&gt;138,21±0,263 ppm (moderately active). &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Therefore this plant can be used traditionally as antidiabetic medicine.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">223</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fania El Ridhasya, Novia Rahim, Muhammad Almurdani, Rudi Hendra, Hilwan Yuda Teruna* &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru 28293, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ahmad Najib</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aktsar Roskiana Ahmad</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Virsa Handayani</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ELISA Test on Cordia myxa L. Leaf Extract for alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitor</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acarbose</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cordia myxa L.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ELISA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IC50</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">α-glucosidase</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">February 2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">358-361</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aimed:&lt;/strong&gt; Determine the potential of &lt;em&gt;Cordia myxa&lt;/em&gt; L. leaf on inhibited α-glucosidase. Material: ELISA Kit, Ethanol 96%, Colomn Chromatography, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, Glocobay®.&amp;nbsp; &lt;strong&gt;Method:&lt;/strong&gt; Sample from &lt;em&gt;Cordia myxa&lt;/em&gt; L. leaf extracted by ethanol 96% then evaporated to get the sticky extract. The sticky extract of &lt;em&gt;Cordia myxa&lt;/em&gt; L. leaf fractionated by column chromatography with n-hexane, n-hexane: ethyl acetate (90:10; 80:20; 75:25; 70:30; 65:35; 60:40; 55:45; 50:50) &lt;strong&gt;Assay:&lt;/strong&gt; The fractions assayed by ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) with acarbose (Glucobay ®) as the comparator.&lt;strong&gt; Result:&lt;/strong&gt; The results showed that the n-hexane fraction is the highest potency on inhibited α-glucosidase with the noncompetitive mechanism. The IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; of n-hexane fraction is 0.53 ppm been while the acarbose is 6.85 ppm. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; The n-hexane fraction of &lt;em&gt;Cordia myxa&lt;/em&gt; L. leaf has the highest potency to use for possible decrease blood glucose level.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">358</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ahmad Najib&lt;sup&gt;1,*&lt;/sup&gt;, Aktsar Roskiana Ahmad&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Virsa Handayani&lt;sup&gt;2 &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Phytochemistry Division-Pharmacognosy- Phytochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar- INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Pharmacognosy Division-Pharmacognosy- Phytotochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar- INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ika Rahayu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pamela Hendra Heng</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kris H Timotius</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In vitro Antioxidant Properties and α-Glucosidase Inhibition of Combined Leaf Infusions from Psidium guajava L., Syzygium polyanthum L., and Annona muricata L.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anonna muricata</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leaf infusion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psidium guajava</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Synergism</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Syzygium polyanthum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">α-glucosidase</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October 2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1269-1277</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Guava (&lt;em&gt;P. guajava&lt;/em&gt;), bay (&lt;em&gt;S. polyanthum&lt;/em&gt;), and soursop (&lt;em&gt;A. muricata&lt;/em&gt;) known as natural medicine. Limited report is available on their antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of leaf infusion. The aims of this research were to compare the antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of leaf infusion from guava, bay, and either as individual or combined infusions, and to analyze the chemical composition of the leaf infusion. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Air dried leaf powder of guava, bay and soursop were infused separately with boiled aquadest. The infusions were analyzed for their antioxidant activity against DPPH. The α-glucosidase inhibitory assay was conducted against α-glucosidase from &lt;em&gt;Saccharomyces cerevisiae. &lt;/em&gt;Then the infusions scanned with UV-Vis spectroscopy and analyzed with LC-MS. The synergism activities of the combined infusion were measured. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Antioxidant activities of leaf infusions of guava and bay showed a comparable result IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; 12.53 ± 0.55 and 10.76 ± 0.20 μg GAE/mL, but the infusion of soursop showed lower (IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; 19.77 ± 0.35 μg GAE/mL) than BHT as positive control (11.6 ± 0.31 μg GAE/mL). If soursop infusion was not added, then the mixture of the guava and bay infusion showed an antioxidative synergistic effect. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of the guava, bay and soursop infusion (0.083 ± 0.01; 0.025 ± 0.007; 0.533 ± 0.039 μg GAE/mL, respectively) were stronger than acarbose (1285 ± 148 μg/mL). The α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of the combined infusions showed a synergistic effect. The main constituents of the guava infusion were identified tentatively as chrysin and caffeoylquinic acid, for the bay infusion it was caffeoylquinic, and for the soursop infusion it was luteolin. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/strong&gt; There is a significant synergism of antioxidant activity of Guava and Bay mixture. The combined infusion of Bay and Soursop or Guava and Soursop showed antagonistic effect.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1269</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ika Rahayu&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Pamela Hendra Heng&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Kris H. Timotius&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;,*&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Krida Wacana (UKRIDA), Jakarta, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Tarumanagara, Jakarta, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oluwafemi Adeleke Ojo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Basiru Olaitan Ajiboye</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oluwatosin Debbie Imiere</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oluwatosin Adeyonu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Israel Olayide</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adewale Fadaka</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antioxidative Properties of Blighia sapida K.D. Koenig Stem Bark Extract and Inhibitory Effects on Carbohydrate Hydrolyzing Enzymes Associated with Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antidiabetic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">antioxidant activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blighia sapida K D Koenig</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">α-amylase</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">α-glucosidase</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">January 2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://fulltxt.org/article/494</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">376-383</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background and Aim:&lt;/strong&gt; In Africa, the fruit, seed, leaf, and stem of &lt;em&gt;Blighia sapida&lt;/em&gt; K.D. Koenig are used as remedy for a range of diseases. This study characterized the phytochemicals, assessed the antioxidant and inhibitory properties of the stem bark of &lt;em&gt;Blighia sapida&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Samples were consecutively extracted using ethanol solvent and investigated for phenol content, DPPH radical scavenging abilities, iron chelation, reducing power, &amp;alpha;-amylase and &amp;alpha;-glucosidase activities as markers of &lt;em&gt;in vitro&lt;/em&gt; anti-diabetic activities. Phytochemicals were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The extract had radical scavenging capabilities, iron chelation and reducing power. Furthermore, the results reveal the extract had considerably high &amp;alpha;-glucosidase and &amp;alpha;- amylase inhibitory activities as the concentration increases with IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; values of 4.17 &amp;plusmn; 0.24 mg/mL and 5.30 &amp;plusmn; 1.25 mg/mL, respectively. Enzyme kinetic studies indicated that the extract displayed uncompetitive inhibitor for &amp;alpha;-glucosidase and was a competitive inhibitor of &amp;alpha;-amylase. The ethanolic extract is rich in several aromatic phenolic compounds and long chain aliphatic acids. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; These results reveal the bark possessed antioxidant as well as &amp;alpha; -glucosidase and &amp;alpha; -amylase inhibitory activities.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">376</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Oluwafemi Adeleke Ojo*, Basiru Olaitan Ajiboye, Oluwatosin Debbie Imiere, Oluwatosin Adeyonu, Israel Olayide, Adewale Fadaka &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Phytomedicine, Biochemical Toxicology and Diabetes Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, NIGERIA.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wanwisa Khunawattanakul</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Passakorn Boonma</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ronnarit Kampetch</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Achida Jaruchotikamol</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Benjamart Cushnie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sakulrat Rattanakiat</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pawitra Pulbutr</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inhibitory Actions of Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers. Aqueous and Ethanolic Leaf Extracts against Carbohydrate-digesting Enzymes</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diabetes mellitus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">α-amylase</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">α-glucosidase</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">November 2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">s113-s118</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Context:&lt;/strong&gt; The leaves of &lt;em&gt;Lagerstroemia speciosa&lt;/em&gt; (L.) Pers. (banaba) have been consumed traditionally in several Southeast Asian countries for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The plasma glucose lowering actions of this medicinal plant were proposed to be linked with several mechanisms of action. However, its inhibitory actions against &amp;alpha;-amylase and &amp;alpha;-glucosidase, which play a major role in the regulation of postprandial plasma glucose, have not been clearly established. &lt;strong&gt;Aims:&lt;/strong&gt; This study thus aimed to investigate the effects of &lt;em&gt;Lagerstroemia speciosa&lt;/em&gt; (L.) Pers. aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts (LSA and LSE extracts, respectively) on in vitro carbohydrate-digesting enzyme activities and enzyme kinetics. Settings and Design: In vitro carbohydrate-digesting enzyme activity assay. &lt;strong&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; The activities of &amp;alpha;-amylase and &amp;alpha;-glucosidase were indicated by the amounts of maltose and p-nitrophenol generated in the reactions, respectively.&lt;strong&gt; Statistical analysis used:&lt;/strong&gt; The data were analysed by using one-way ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni post-hoc test. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The LSA extract significantly inhibited both &amp;alpha;-amylase and &amp;alpha;-glucosidase enzymes with the IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt;s of 1.21&amp;plusmn;0.16 and 49.71&amp;plusmn;0.86 &amp;mu;g/mL, respectively. Meanwhile, the LSE extract selectively inhibited &amp;alpha;-amylase activity (IC&lt;sub&gt;50 &lt;/sub&gt;= 22.21&amp;plusmn;4.00 &amp;mu;g/mL) with no apparent inhibition against &amp;alpha;-glucosidase activity. Both LSA and LSE extracts inhibited &amp;alpha;-amylase enzyme in a mixed inhibition manner whilst the LSA extract also acted as a mixed inhibitor against &amp;alpha;-glucosidase enzyme. The extracts possessed higher binding affinities toward the enzymes, indicated by the lower Ki values, when compared to acarbose (positive control). &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; These results suggest the potential use of the extracts for a control of postprandial plasma glucose.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6s</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">s113</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wanwisa Khunnawattanakul, Passakorn Boonma, Ronnarit Kampetch, Achida Jaruchotikamol, Benjamart Cushnie, Sakulrat Rattanakiat, Pawitra Pulbutr&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Natural Product Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44150, THAILAND.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ea Kristine Clarisse B. Tulin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ma Theresa P. Loreto</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Edgardo E. Tulin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity and Fractionation of Bioactive Compounds from bark Extracts of Sibucao (Caesalpinia sappan L.) In the Philippines</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Caesalpinia sappan</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flavonoids</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fractionation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Type II diabetes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">α-glucosidase</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">April 2017 </style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">/files/PJ-9-3/10.5530pj.2017.3.60</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">356-360</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Diabetes is a chronic disease that affects millions of people around the world. Although conventional medicine is available, it is usually accompanied by serious side effects such as gastrointestinal problem. Thus, the search for alternative medicine from natural sources is of primary importance. &lt;strong&gt;Context:&lt;/strong&gt; The study is concerned with &lt;em&gt;Caesalpinia sappan L.&lt;/em&gt; found in the vicinity of Baybay City, Leyte Philippines. Furthermore, it deals with ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the bark only. It was conducted to determine the alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity of C. sappan to provide evidence to support its efficacy as a folkloric medicinal plant. &lt;strong&gt;Aims:&lt;/strong&gt; This work aimed to evaluate the alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity of aqueous and ethanolic bark extracts of Sibucao (&lt;em&gt;Caesalpinia sappan L.&lt;/em&gt;) and to partially fractionate its bioactive compounds. &lt;strong&gt;Settings and Design:&lt;/strong&gt; Extracts were prepared in increasing concentration to get IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; values. Samples were analysed in triplicate both for extracts and fractions collected from chromatography. &lt;strong&gt;Methods and Material:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Caesalpinia sappan L.&lt;/em&gt; bark samples were collected from the vicinity of Visayas State University. Plant materials were dried, weighed and stored. Aqueous and ethanolic bark extracts were prepared using water and 20% ethanol. The total phenolic content of the extracts were determined and the &amp;alpha;-glucosidase inhibitory activity of crude bark and aqueous extracts were measured using the method of Kim &lt;em&gt;et al&lt;/em&gt;., 2011. Partial fractionation of bioactive compounds was done successively using gradient elution. The &amp;alpha;-glucosidase inhibitory activity of fractions were then determined and Rf values of active compounds were measured using thin layer chromatography (TLC). &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Results revealed that aqueous extract (2000 ppm) and ethanolic extract (2000 ppm) show high &amp;alpha;-glucosidase inhibitory activity of 100% and 59% respectively. IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; values of aqueous and ethanolic extract were found to be 300.52 &amp;plusmn; 1.467 ppm and 1560.81 &amp;plusmn; 2.582 ppm, respectively. TLC of fractions show 7 peaks for aqueous extract and 6 peaks for ethanolic extract in which compound with Rf value 0.70 had the highest inhibitory activity of 65%. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/strong&gt; Taken together, the high &amp;alpha;-glucosidase inhibitory activity of aqueous extracts support the effectiveness of C. sappan L. bark decoctions. In addition, results from bioassay-guided fractionation can be used as an effective tool for further isolation and characterization of &amp;alpha;-glucosidase inhibitors from Caesalpinia sappan L. in the Philippines.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">356</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ea Kristine Clarisse B. Tulin, Ma Theresa P. Loreto, Edgardo E. Tulin &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Department of Biotechnology, Visayas State University, President, Visayas State University,PHILIPPINES.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nita Triadisti</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rani Sauriasari</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Berna Elya</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fractionation and α-glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of Fractions from Garcinia hombroniana Pierre Leaves Extracts</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Column chromatography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diabetes mellitus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fractionation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thin layer Chromatography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">α-glucosidase</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">May 2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">/files/PJ-9-4/10.5530pj.2017.4.79</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">488-492</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; Diabetes mellitus become one of the biggest global health problems of the 21st century. Type 2 diabetes play role for the majority of cases of diabetes worldwide which is characterized by the increase of postprandial blood glucose level. Maintaining postprandial glucose level through inhibition of &amp;alpha;-glucosidase is one of the essential strategies in the treatment of diabetes. Inhibitory effect of &amp;alpha;-glucosidase was commonly used to identify active compounds potentially to treat diabetes. Natural resources have potency as antidiabetic that can be used in diabetes treatment. &lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; The objective of the study is to separate active fraction in the crude extract of &lt;em&gt;Garcinia hombroniana&lt;/em&gt; leaves to facilitate obtaining a pure biologically active compound as the &amp;alpha;-glucosidase inhibitor. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Fractionation to separate active fraction was performed using column and thin layer chromatography methods while &amp;alpha;-glucosidase inhibitory activity assay was performed i&lt;em&gt;n vitro&lt;/em&gt; using spectrophotometric methods at &amp;lambda; 400 nm. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Ethyl acetate and methanol extract of &lt;em&gt;G. hombroniana&lt;/em&gt; yielded 14 and 12 fractions, respectively. Two fractions with the higher percent inhibition compared to other factions are fraction 8 from ethyl acetate extract (FEA8) and fraction 3 from methanol extract (FM3). The IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; values of FEA8, FM3 and acarbose are 16.370 &amp;mu;g/mL, 59.042 &amp;mu;g/mL, and 39.534 &amp;mu;g/mL respectively. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; Fraction 8 from ethyl acetate extract of &lt;em&gt;G. hombroniana&lt;/em&gt; leaves (FEA8) was separated and known in this study as the most bioactive &amp;alpha;-glucosidase inhibitor agent compared with another extract, fractions, and acarbose.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">488</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nita Triadisti&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;, Rani Sauriasari, Berna Elya&lt;sup&gt;* &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Indonesia, 16424, Depok, INDONESIA.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record></records></xml>