<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">M Hariprasad Kamath</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disha Shetty</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amruth Kiran</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manjunath Shetty</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arul Amuthan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Devasrita Dash</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tatiyana Mandal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">K Ganesh Shenoy</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Additive QTc Prolongation with Concurrent Use of Bedaquiline, Clofazimine, and Fluoroquinolones in MDR-TB: Role of Hypokalemia and Hypomagnesemia as Modifying Risk Factors</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bedaquiline; clofazimine; moxifloxacin; QTc prolongation; MDR-TB; electrolyte imbalance</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October 2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">348-357</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Oral medications for the treatment of MDR-TB regimens, including bedaquiline, clofazimine, and moxifloxacin, are increasingly prescribed globally. These drugs can lead to increased QTc intervals and ventricular arrhythmias. The risk increases when these medications are combined, as per WHO guidelines. Electrolyte imbalance, common in malnourished MDR-TB patients, can exacerbate this issue. &lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;This narrative review synthesizes available evidence to characterize the additive QTc-prolongation risk of the bedaquiline–clofazimine–moxifloxacin combination and de lineate the specific contributions of electrolyte imbalance as a risk factor. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; A narrative review was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov. &lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The concurrent use of bedaquiline, clofazimine, and moxifloxacin is associated with additive QTc prolongation of approximately 35–50 ms in many patients, depending on regimen, drug exposure, and patient characteristics. In MDRTB patients, hypokalemia is associated with QTc prolongation, and lower serum potassium levels may increase the risk of clinically significant QT interval prolongation. Hypomagnesemia compounds this risk by driving refractory potassium depletion through impaired Na+/K+-ATPase channel. Together, patients with borderline baseline QTc and untreated electrolyte disturbances may push QTc beyond the critical 500 ms threshold. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; Correcting the potassium and magnesium levels might become a clinically valuable approach to prevent cardiac events associated with QTc prolongation in patients with MDR-TB along with electrocardiogram monitoring in line with WHO recommendations, is a key component of successful treatment.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">348</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;M Hariprasad Kamath&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;, Disha Shetty&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;, Amruth Kiran&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;, Manjunath Shetty&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;, Arul Amuthan&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;, Devasrita Dash&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;, Tatiyana Mandal&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;, K Ganesh Shenoy&lt;sup&gt;b,*&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Madhav Nagar, Manipal – 576104, Karnataka, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Madhav Nagar, Manipal – 576104, Karnataka, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manjunath Shivaram Shetty</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arul Amuthan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">K Ganesh Shenoy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amruth Kiran</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vasudev R Pai</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vasudha Devi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nitesh Kumar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Govindasamy Suresh</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">M Hariprasad Kamath</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Devasrita Dash</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tatiyana Mandal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bhisham Narayan Singh</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Smita Shenoy</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Comprehensive Quality Assessment of Siddha Polyherbal Tablet Kadukkai Maathirai: HPLC Analysis, Iron Estimation, Heavy Metal Screening, and Microbial Contamination Evaluation</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heavy metal screening</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HPLC</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Siddha herbal tablets</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October 2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">309-314</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;The global use of herbal drugs for liver diseases is on the rise, driven by increasing rates of liver-related ailments. Despite their widespread use, growing concerns have been raised about the safety and quality of herbal formulations. The present study assessed Kadukkai Maathirai (KM), a Siddha-based polyherbal preparation, for potential contamination with heavy metals and microbial agents. Samples of KM procured from the SKM Company and then analyzed for microbial contamination and for the presence of heavy metals. The findings depicted that the heavy metals, such as arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb), were in permissible limits. Moreover, microbial analysis revealed no detectable growth on culture plates, indicating the absence of bacterial and fungal contamination in the KM samples. In addition, when the samples were analysed for Marker compounds, the chebulic acid content in the hydroalcoholic extract was determined to be 1.13% w/w. The current findings of the study support the safety of KM for therapeutic use. The herbal medicine standardization and the integration of present analytical tools with traditional knowledge may enhance therapeutic reliability of the patients using it. Clinical studies are essential to validate KM’s efficacy in liver diseases and support its incorporation into evidence-based medical practice.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">309</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Manjunath Shivaram Shetty&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;, Arul Amuthan&lt;sup&gt;a,b&lt;/sup&gt;, K Ganesh Shenoy&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;, Amruth Kiran&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;, Vasudev R Pai&lt;sup&gt;c&lt;/sup&gt;, Vasudha Devi&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;, Nitesh Kumar&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;, Govindasamy Suresh&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;, M Hariprasad Kamath&lt;sup&gt;e&lt;/sup&gt;, Devasrita Dash&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;, Tatiyana Mandal&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;, Bhisham Narayan Singh&lt;sup&gt;f&lt;/sup&gt;, Smita Shenoy&lt;sup&gt;g,*&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;Division of Siddha, Center for Integrative Medicine and Research (CIMR), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;c&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacognosy, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Bihar, 844102, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;e&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Madhav Nagar, Manipal – 576104, Karnataka, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;f&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biotechnology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;g&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">K Ganesh Shenoy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nitesh Kumar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sathish Pai B</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arul Amuthan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manjunath S Shetty</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sachindra Kumar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amruth Kiran</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mahesha Keerikkadu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">M Hariprasad Kamath</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Devasrita Dash</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tatiyana Mandal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">K Sreedhara Ranganath Pai</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Smita Shenoy</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evaluation of the Antipsoriatic Activity of Sivanar Vembu Kuzhi Thailam in an Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis Model: Phytochemical, Computational, and Experimental Investigations</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psoriasis; Sivanar Vembu Kuzhi Thailam; Network pharmacology; Imiquimod model; Siddha</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October 2026</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">371-384</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory skin disorder characterized by epidermal hyperplasia and dysregulated immune responses. Long-term use of the current therapeutic agents is often limited by adverse effects, high costs, and variable efficacy. The present study evaluated the antipsoriatic potential of &lt;em&gt;Sivanar Vembu Kuzhi Thailam&lt;/em&gt; (SVKT), a traditional Siddha formulation, using an imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like mouse model. The drug was subjected to physicochemical characterization, microbiological evaluation, and Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis to identify its major phytoconstituents. Network pharmacology was performed to explore interactions between bioactive compounds and key psoriasis-associated inflammatory targets. Female BALB/c mice were induced to develop psoriasis-like lesions. SVKT (60, 100, and 200 mg/kg, orally) was administered to test prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy. Disease progression and therapeutic response were assessed using Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) scoring, histopathological examination, and Baker’s pathological scoring. GC–MS analysis identified 95 compounds. Computational analyses indicated favorable interactions of selected phytoconstituents with TNF-α, IL-17A, IL-1β, and IFN-γ related to psoriasis. SVKT significantly reduced PASI scores, erythema, scaling, and epidermal thickening (p &amp;lt; 0.05), while histopathological evaluation demonstrated restoration of normal skin architecture and reduced inflammatory infiltration. The formulation complied with microbiological safety standards and showed no evidence of toxicity. These findings demonstrate that SVKT might possess significant antipsoriatic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities, supporting its traditional use and highlighting its potential as a safe, effective, and economical therapeutic candidate for psoriasis management.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">371</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;K Ganesh Shenoy&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;, Nitesh Kumar&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;, Sathish Pai B&lt;sup&gt;c&lt;/sup&gt;, Arul Amuthan&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;, Manjunath S Shetty&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;, Sachindra Kumar&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;, Amruth Kiran&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;, Mahesha Keerikkadu&lt;sup&gt;e&lt;/sup&gt;, M Hariprasad Kamath&lt;sup&gt;f&lt;/sup&gt;, Devasrita Dash&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;, Tatiyana Mandal&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;, K Sreedhara Ranganath Pai&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;, Smita Shenoy&lt;sup&gt;g,*&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal – 576104, Karnataka, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education &amp;amp; Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Bihar, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;c&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Dermatology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal – 576104, Karnataka, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;d&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal – 576104, Karnataka, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;e&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;f&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Madhav Nagar, Manipal – 576104, Karnataka, INDIA&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;g&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal – 576104, Karnataka, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amruth Kiran</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Praveen Kumar S E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tatiyana Mandal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">K Ganesh Shenoy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vasudev R Pai</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Swati Sharma</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arul Amuthan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acute Toxicity Study of the Crude Aqueous Extract of Tribulus terrestris Dried Fruit with Potential Diuretic Effect</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">acute toxicity study</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">crude aqueous extract</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Indian traditional medicine</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Siddha system of medicine</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tribulus terrestris</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wistar Rats</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September 2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">566-576</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Tribulus terrestris&lt;/em&gt; is an important medicinal plant used in Indian traditional medicine, the crude aqueous extract of the plant is primarily used to induce diuresis for treating cardiovascular diseases and managing renal stones, etc... The safe dose and adverse effect profile of the extract was not explored adequately in preclinical studies. Hence, the present study was undertaken. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; The acute toxicity was assessed based on the OECD guideline number 425: Acute Oral Toxicity – Up-and-Down-Procedure. A total of 11 animals were used in the study. Initially, one animal was administered with a dosage of 2000 mg/kg; and as the animal survived, four more animals were dosed and were observed for survival and other possible adverse drug reactions. The animals' body weight was measured before experimenting and at the end of the study. Biochemical and haematological examinations were done on normal control and test groups. Animals from the test group were sacrificed, and histopathological examinations of the vital organs were carried out. &lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;No signs of toxicity or changes in the behaviour were observed in the treatment group. As all the animals survived, it was decided that the LD&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; was greater than 2000 mg/kg. However, the changes observed with platelets, total cholesterol and LDL were within the normal limits. Histological examination of the vital organs did not reveal any changes in the architecture of the organs. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; Our study demonstrated that the crude aqueous extract of Tribulus terrestris dried fruit does not cause toxicity under the 2000 mg/kg dose limit.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">566</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Amruth Kiran&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Praveen Kumar S E&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Tatiyana Mandal&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, K Ganesh Shenoy&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Vasudev R Pai&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Swati Sharma&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;, Arul Amuthan&lt;sup&gt;1,5,*&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacology, Manipal Tata Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, INDIA&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacognosy, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, INDIA&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, INDIA&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;Division of Siddha, Centre for Integrative Medicine and Research (CIMR), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amruth Kiran</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Praveen Kumar S E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Devasrita Dash</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Govindasamy Suresh</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vasudev R Pai</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arul Amuthan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">K Ganesh Shenoy</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tribulus terrestris: A Revisit to a Promising Herbal Diuretic</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">diuresis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">diuretic agent</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Herbal medicine</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Indian traditional medicine</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Siddha system of medicine</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tribulus terrestris</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">September 2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">653-661</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Standard diuretics are essential for managing fluid as well as electrolyte overload and hypertension but are frequently associated with adverse effects such as electrolyte imbalances, renal dysfunction, and metabolic disturbances. This has prompted increased interest in safer, plant-based alternatives. &lt;em&gt;Tribulus terrestris&lt;/em&gt;, a medicinal herb used as a diuretic agent in traditional systems, has shown promising diuretic activity in recent experimental studies. &lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To provide an outline and assess the reported diuretic effects of &lt;em&gt;Tribulus terrestris&lt;/em&gt;, including its phytochemical profile, mechanisms of action, and findings from in vivo, in vitro, and in silico studies. &lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;An extensive literature survey was performed on the PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases for studies published between 2000 and 2025. The inclusion criterion was original articles evaluating the diuretic activity of &lt;em&gt;Tribulus terrestris&lt;/em&gt;. Articles without diuretic activity were excluded. Data extraction included the plant part used, extract type, dosage, model used and observed effects. &lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;This review highlights the diuretic properties and phytoconstituents of &lt;em&gt;Tribulus terrestris&lt;/em&gt;. Most studies have used aqueous or ethanolic extracts of fruits or whole plants and reported significant increases in urine output and urinary sodium excretion, which are often comparable to those of standard diuretics such as furosemide. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;This review highlights the preclinical diuretic activity of &lt;em&gt;Tribulus terrestris&lt;/em&gt;. It has shown effective and welltolerated diuretic potential in preclinical and human subjects. It is a promising, likely herbal-based diuretic, natural alternative or complement, adjunct to conventional diuretics, which warrants further investigation through clinical studies.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Review Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">653</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Amruth Kiran&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Praveen Kumar S E&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Devasrita Dash&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Govindasamy Suresh&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Vasudev R Pai&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Arul Amuthan&lt;sup&gt;1,4*&lt;/sup&gt;, K Ganesh Shenoy&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacology, Manipal Tata Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacognosy, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Coordinator, Division of Siddha, Centre for Integrative Medicine and Research (CIMR), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India&lt;/p&gt;
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