<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marco Mesia Guevara</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jesus Rojas Jaimes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Luis Castañeda Pelaez</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proliferative effect of Dracontium spruceanum on Leishmania</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cell viability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cutaneous Leishmaniasis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dracontium spruceanum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Glucantime</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leishmania</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December 2025</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">683-687</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Leishmaniasis&lt;/em&gt;, transmitted by sandflies and caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania, primarily presents in its cutaneous form. Difficulties in diagnosis and the adverse effects of conventional treatments have driven the search for alternatives, such as &lt;em&gt;Dracontium spruceanum&lt;/em&gt; (&quot;sacha jergón&quot;), an Amazonian plant containing compounds with potential activity against &lt;em&gt;Leishmania&lt;/em&gt; spp., whose efficacy still requires scientific validation. &lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To determine the effect of the aqueous extract of &lt;em&gt;Dracontium spruceanum &lt;/em&gt;against &lt;em&gt;Leishmania&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Detection of &lt;em&gt;Leishmania &lt;/em&gt;(Viannia) spp. kDNA was performed by PCR using primers MP1-L and MP3-H, with LTB-300 (L. (V.) braziliensis) and DNAfree water as controls. Promastigotes were isolated from cutaneous lesion scrapings and cultured in biphasic medium, achieving differentiation into axenic amastigotes in Schneider medium, with pH 4.7 as the optimal condition for complete conversion. Plant material of &lt;em&gt;Dracontium spruceanum&lt;/em&gt; collected in Ucayali (Peru) was processed to obtain an aqueous extract (100 mg/mL). The antiparasitic activity of the extract was evaluated by the MTT assay against promastigotes and amastigotes, using Glucantime as a positive control. Data obtained were analyzed by ANOVA, considering p-values &amp;lt; 0.05 as significant. &lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;In &lt;em&gt;in vitro &lt;/em&gt;assays with &lt;em&gt;Leishmania &lt;/em&gt;sp., administration of Glucantime (25 mg/mL) produced a significant decrease in cell viability of promastigotes (71%) and axenic amastigotes (38%) compared to the control group. Conversely, the aqueous extract of &lt;em&gt;Dracontium spruceanum&lt;/em&gt; (8.33 mg/mL) caused a significant increase in promastigote (160%) and amastigote (179%) viability, indicating a stimulatory effect on parasite growth (p &amp;lt; 0.05). &lt;strong&gt;Discussion and conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;The in vitro effect of the aqueous extract of &lt;em&gt;Dracontium spruceanum&lt;/em&gt; on promastigotes and axenic amastigotes of &lt;em&gt;Leishmania &lt;/em&gt;sp. was investigated. Unlike Glucantime, which significantly decreased parasite viability, the extract consistently promoted proliferation in both forms. This result, uncommon in medicinal plant studies, could be linked to the presence of ceramides and cerebrosides, compounds in the genus Dracontium previously associated with mitogenic activity. Additional dose-response studies and phytochemical analysis are needed to identify the active compounds and clarify their mechanism of action.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">683</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Marco Mesía Guevara&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Jesús Rojas Jaimes&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Luis Castañeda Pelaez&lt;sup&gt;2*&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, PERU.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Privada del Norte, Lima, PERU.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jesús Rojas-Jaimes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Luis Castañeda Pelaez</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Generation of Multinucleated Giant Cells due to Leishmania (V.) braziliensis Infection</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Immunity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infection</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leishmania (V.) braziliensis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Macrophage</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Multinucleated Giant Cells</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">October 2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">905-909</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background&lt;/strong&gt;: Multinucleated giant cells were first described by Langhans(MGCs), these MGCs have a role in innate immunity that includes extracellular matrix remodeling associated with granuloma formation; another function of them is to participate in the removal of cellular debris in apoptosis during certain infections. &lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;Generate multinucleated giant cells due to &lt;em&gt;Leishmania &lt;/em&gt;(V.) braziliensis infection. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; For infection macrophage/parasite ratio of 1 to 10 using the RAW 264.7-line (5 x10&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;/mL) and &lt;em&gt;Leishmania &lt;/em&gt;(V.) &lt;em&gt;braziliensis &lt;/em&gt;metacyclic promastigotes (50 x105/mL) was a strain maintained in culture Schneider liquid medium, supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum and 10 000 U/10 mg/mL penicillin streptomycin at pH 7 and 25 °C in the laboratory. Incubation was continued for 4 days, and microscopic observation at 1000X was performed at 24 hours and 96 hours, respectively. &lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;In our study an MGC conversion was observed at 96 hours (50% ± 28.2). &lt;strong&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/strong&gt; In vitro MGC model could be used to study the physiopathology of MGC generation by &lt;em&gt;Leishmania &lt;/em&gt;(V.) &lt;em&gt;braziliensis &lt;/em&gt;infection.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">905</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Jesús Rojas-Jaimes&lt;sup&gt;1,2,*&lt;/sup&gt;, Luis Castañeda Pelaez&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Privada del Norte, Lima, PERÚ.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Escuela de Medicina Humana, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, PERÚ.&lt;/p&gt;
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