<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Madathilparambil Vasu Sudhakaran</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Botanical Pharmacognosy of Bacopa monnieri (Linn.) Pennell</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aerenchyma</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anisocytic stomata</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Calcium oxalate crystals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plantaginaceae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stomatal index</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">November 2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1559-1572</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Backgound: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;B. monnieri &lt;/em&gt;(Linn.) Pennell &lt;em&gt;is a&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;slender, creeping and mat forming herb&lt;/em&gt; well adapted to grow in both terrestrial and submersed conditions. It is an important medicinal plant belongs to the family Plantaginaceae and espoused as a source for the Ayurvedic drug brahmi. &lt;strong&gt;Objectives:&lt;/strong&gt; The present study aims to delineate the morphological and histomorpho diagnostic profile of the stem, root and leaves of brahmi and analyze their qualitative and quantitative anatomical peculiarities to support the pharmacobotanical characterizations using digital, stereo and polarized microscopic techniques. &lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Cross section of lamina had shown a homogeneous mesophyll fails to differentiate into palisade and spongy tissues. Lamina was amphistomatic which contained three different types of stomatal complexes vz., diacytic, anisocytic and anomoteracytic. The mean number of stoma per square millimeter of leaf area was found to be higher in adaxial surface (656.9/mm2) than abaxial (433.3/mm2) with a corresponding stomatal index of 15.2 and 9.4 respectively. Adventitious root in cross section gave ‘spokes in a wheel’ appearance and shoot cortex architecture had shown honey-comb pattern of aerenchyma chambers. Vascular bundles were many, conjoint and closed, where a centra solid core of xylem encircled by phloem. Crystal ideoblasts of calcium oxalate were observed in characteristic tissues of epidermis of the leaves, mesophyll, cortical tissues of stem, and intervening walls of the file of cells of diaphragms in stem and adventitious roots. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; The above delineated anatomical characteristics in conjunction with aerenchyma in root and shoot tissues as an effective water tolerance mechanism to thrive prolonged submergence in water logged conditions could provide valuable tags as useful markers for pharmacological identification of the taxon.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6s</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1559</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Madathilparambil Vasu Sudhakaran* &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;UGC-Academic Staff College, University of Calicut, Malappuram 673 635, Kerala, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Madathilparambil Vasu Sudhakaran</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Micromorphology of Salt glands and content of marker compound Plumbagin in the leaves of Plumbago zeylanica Linn</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Absorption spectra</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chromatogram</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Halophytes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plumbagin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Salt glands</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stomatal index</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">January 2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">161-170</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; Salt glands are highly specialized epidermal structures developed in recretohalophytic plants, intended for salt storage (reservoir) and as a means to alleviate the salt stress of the saline habitat by exo-recreto releases excess salts from the mesophyll tissues to the surrounding environment. &lt;em&gt;Plumbago zeylanica&lt;/em&gt; Linn belongs to the family Plumbaginaceae is an important medicinal plant and espoused as a source for the drug Chitraka. &lt;strong&gt;Aim:&lt;/strong&gt; The present study concerns the delineation of micromorphological characteristics of the paradermal and cross sections of the leaf epidermis, lamina, salt glands, petiole and mucilage secreting glands of the calyx of the flowers of &lt;em&gt;Plumbago zeylanica&lt;/em&gt; Linn. &lt;strong&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Delimiting the morpho-histological profile of the leaves and to develop the chromatogram of the methanol extract of the leaves and quantification of the marker compound plumbagin in the leaves using High Performance Thin- Layer Chromatographic (HPTLC) method. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Distribution of uniseriate, cruciate type clothing trichomes, characteristic contour of midrib, presence of amphistomatic epidermis with anisocytic stomata, crystals in idioblast of ground tissues of petiole and mesophyll, large palisade ratio, small stomatal index, multicellular salt gland structure with 8 cells, cuticular secretory cells, crescent shaped petiole, densely distributed mucilage secreting glands on the calyx of flowers were features characteristic of the taxon. The HPTLC finger printing profile of the leaves revealed six phyto-constituents. Densitometric scanning of plumbagin had shown the absorption spectra λ max at 270 nm. Spectral matching by overlaying the absorption spectra of standard marker compound with the phto-constituents present in the methanol extract of sample could fail to obtain any spectral matching at λ max 270 nm, suggestive that dried leaves of&lt;em&gt; P. zeylanica&lt;/em&gt; did not contain any appreciable amount of Plumbagin. Calibration data obtained by polynomial regression had revealed that dried leaves of &lt;em&gt;P. zeylanica&lt;/em&gt; Linn contained below 105 ng/μl of plumbagin in methanol extract of leaves.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">161</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Madathilparambil Vasu Sudhakaran&lt;sup&gt;* &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Associate Professor, Academic Staff College, University of Calicut, Calicut University PO, Malappuram - 673635, Kerala, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Madathilparambil Vasu Sudhakaran</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Botanical Pharmacognosy of Centella asiatica (Linn.)Urban</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animocytic stomata</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">arenchyma</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">calcium oxalate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">crystal idioblasts.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">periphloematic sclereids</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">May 2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">/files/PJ-9-4/10.5530pj.2017.4.88</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">546-558</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;em&gt;Centella asiatica&lt;/em&gt; (Linn.) Urban is an important medicinal plant with rejuvenate properties, used in Ayurveda for promoting vitality and life. The plant is often considered as a &amp;lsquo;panacea&amp;rsquo; for several human ailments and the biological actions often has been ascribed to its pentacyclic triterpene compounds, mainly asiatic acid, madecassic acid and triterpene saponin-asiaticoside, madecassoside. The plant is also highly specialized for the richness of several micronutrients, iron, phosphorus, sodium, vitamin C, vitamin A, carotene and dietary fibers. &lt;strong&gt;Objectives:&lt;/strong&gt; The present study was performed with the objectives of elaborating the macroscopic and histo-morpho diagnostic profile of &lt;em&gt;Centella asiatica&lt;/em&gt; and to analyze the quantitative, and powder microscopic peculiarities to support its pharmacognostic characterization. &lt;strong&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Microscopic evaluation, quantitative standards and powder microscopy were carried out using the root, stolon, petiole and leaves. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Distribution of slightly lobed leaf margin with actinodromous major venation pattern, amphistomatic epidermis with animocytic stomata, distinctive contour of the midrib and petiole, occurrence of crystals in the idioblasts of the cortical parenchyma of root, stem, stolon, palisade and mesophyll. Vascular system with several free collateral bundles in the stem were features characteristic of the species. These findings in conjunction with reduction in lignified elements, arenchyma lacunae, sclerenchymatous netting in root, periphloematic sclereids in petiole, and stolon could be remarkable features diagnostic of the taxon. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; The present macroscopic and histo-anatomical observations of stem, root, stolon, petiole and leaves of &lt;em&gt;Centella asiatica&lt;/em&gt; and powder microscopic, quantitative standards put forth could provide useful information for the regulatory aspects of the quality control measures of the crude drugs.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">546</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Madathilparambil Vasu Sudhakaran&lt;sup&gt;* &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Associate Professor UGC- Academic Staff College University of Calicut Calicut University P.O, Malappuram, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Madathilparambil Vasu Sudhakaran</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Histo-Chromatographic Finger Printing Profiles of the Root of Plumbago zeylanica Linn and Quantification of Marker Compound, Plumbagin</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Axial Parenchyma</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Calibration Curve</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mesomorphy Ratio</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plumbagin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tylosis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">November 2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://fulltxt.org/article/386</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">s77-s86</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; Plumbagin, a plant-derived naphthoquinone is known to be biosynthesized by polyacetate-malonate pathway. The ayurvedic drug Chitraka is obtained from the medicinal plant &lt;em&gt;Plumbago zeylanica&lt;/em&gt; Linn, which belongs to the family Plumbaginaceae. The Chitraka is found used in the traditional forms of medicine for the treatment of various illnesses, since ancient times. &lt;strong&gt;Aim:&lt;/strong&gt; The present study concerns the microscopic, powder and quantitative microscopic characteristics of the root of &lt;em&gt;Plumbago zeylanica&lt;/em&gt; Linn. &lt;strong&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Delimiting the morpho-histological profile of the root using digital, stereo and polarized microscopic techniques and to develop the chromatogram of the extract of the root of &lt;em&gt;Plumbago zeylanica&lt;/em&gt; Linn using High performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The presence of cortical deposition of plumbagin pigment as yellowish tints in the surface view of the sections of root, arrangement of starch grains as bunches of grapes in cortical tissues and ray parenchyma, crystal idioblasts containing calcium oxalate embedded in the intervening walls of the cortical cells, distinct band or patch of sclreids at the pericyclic region of the phloem, wood with non-storied cambium, distinct growth ring boundaries, paratracheal axial parenchyma, chains of vessels in radial multiplies of three to four, uniseriate to biseriate medullary rays with homogeneous cells, crowding of vessels at the central portion of secondary xylem, wood plugged with tylosis and low mesomorphy ratio for wood were the anatomical features characteristics of the taxon. The HPTLC profile of the methanol extract of root developed using the mobile phase, n-hexane:ethyl acetate (8:2 v/v) had revealed four phytoconstituents. The R&lt;sub&gt;f&lt;/sub&gt; value for plumbagin (C&lt;sub&gt;11&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;8&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;) was found to be 0.86. Densitometric scanning had shown &amp;lambda;&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt; of plumbagin at 270 nm. Spectral matching by overlaying the spectra of both standards and extract of root sample were confirmed the specificity of &amp;lambda;&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt; at 270 nm for the marker compound. The calibration curve was found to be linear in the concentration range of 2.00 to 10.00 &amp;mu;g/ band with the polynomial calibration equation Y=178.8+91.61*X+-4.825*X&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; and estimated that 5 &amp;mu;L of methanol extract of roots contained 1.326 &amp;mu;g of plumbagin. Thus the content of marker constituent (plumbagin) present in shade-dried roots of &lt;em&gt;Plumbago zeylanica&lt;/em&gt; Linn (a Kerala habitant) was estimated as 0.179%. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; The present study suggests that the delineated characteristics of the roots of &lt;em&gt;Plumbago zeylanica&lt;/em&gt; Linn could tag as the identifying parameters to substantiate and authenticate the raw drugs from the spurious/adulterants materials and developed HPTLC method could be effectively used for the regulatory perspectives and quality assessment of plumbagin in the polyherbal formulation/finished products of traditional medicine.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6s</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">s77</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Madathilparambil Vasu Sudhakaran &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;UGC Academic Staff College, University of Calicut, Calicut University PO, Malappuram -673635, Kerala, INDIA&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Madathilparambil Vasu Sudhakaran</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Finger Printing of the Anatomical Markers, HPTLC Profile and Heavy Metals Content in the Leaves of Aristolochia indica Linn.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Areoles</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aristolic acid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heavy metals.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HPTLC finger print</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Physico-chemical parameters</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stomatal index</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December 2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">117-126</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Aristolochia indica&lt;/em&gt; Linn is now an endangered medicinal plant belonging to the family &lt;em&gt;Aristolochiaceae&lt;/em&gt;. Many ethono-botanically important species of &lt;em&gt;Aristolochia&lt;/em&gt; were found used in the traditional forms of medicine for the treatment of various illnesses. &lt;strong&gt;Aim:&lt;/strong&gt; The present study concerns the microscopic, fluorescent, powder, quantitative microscopic characteristics of the leaves of &lt;em&gt;Aristolichia&lt;/em&gt; indica Linn and its physico-chemical standards. &lt;strong&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Morpho-histological profile, Highperformance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) finger print profile, and heavy metals content of the leaves of &lt;em&gt;Aristolichia indica&lt;/em&gt; Linn. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The presence of camptodromous pinnate venation with pentagonal shaped areoles with linear veinlet endings, non-glandular hooked trichomes, amphistomatic and anomocytic stomata, small palisade ratio, small stomatal index were the anatomical features characteristics of the taxon. Physico-chemical evaluation of the leaves gave moisture content of 10.5%, total ash 12.7%, acid insoluble ash 1.9%, acid soluble ash 10.8%. Highperformance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) identification of marker compound (Aristolochic acid I or (AAI)) in methanol extract of leaves was carried out. The developed HPTLC Chromatogram had revealed nine phytoconstutents in extract of leaf sample. The Rf value for Aristolochic acid I (C&lt;sub&gt;17&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;11&lt;/sub&gt;NO&lt;sub&gt;7&lt;/sub&gt;) was found to be 0.41 and densitometric scanning had shown &amp;lambda;&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt; at 318 nm for the marker compound. The content of marker constituent (AA I) present in shade-dried leaves of &lt;em&gt;Aristochia indica&lt;/em&gt; Linn was estimated as 0.049%. The Flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination of elements had shown appreciable amounts of the elements such as Fe (0.5442 mg/g), Zn (0.026.82 mg/g), Ni (0.008 mg/g,) and Cu (0.002 mg/g) by dry weight of the leaves of &lt;em&gt;Aristolichia indica&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; The present study suggests that the delineated characteristics of the leaves of &lt;em&gt;A. indica&lt;/em&gt;, could tag as the identifying parameters to substantiate and authenticate the raw drugs from the spurious/adulterants materials and could also be effectively used for the regulatory perspectives and quality assessment of Aristololic acid &amp;Iota; in the medicinal formulation/finished products. The presence of important mineral elements inside this plant showed that it could be a nutritious plant and important to the human health.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">117</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Madathilparambil Vasu Sudhakaran &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;UGC-Academic Staff College, University of Calicut, Calicut University PO, Malappuram District, Kerala, INDIA.&lt;/p&gt;
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