<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Siddig Ibrahim Abdelwahab</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Syam Mohan,</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manal Moahmed Elhassan Taha</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rashad Bin Mohammed Alsanosy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hamed Karimian</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Assessment of Cytotoxicity of Smokeless Tobacco (Shammah) In Hepg2 and WRL68 Cells Line</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hepatotoxicity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In vitro models</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Saudi Arabia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shammah.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Smokeless tobacco</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Substance Absue Research Centre</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">29th Apr, 2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">242-248</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Shammah is a traditional form of chewing tobacco [Smokeless tobacco, (ST)] that is commonly used in the Middle east specially Saudi Arabia (KSA), Yemen and Sudan. The cytotoxicity of Sudanese and Yemenis ST hexane and methanol extracts was evaluated using MTT assay. Annexin-V assay has been used to detect the induction of apoptosis. Luminescence based assay also been conducted to check the level of caspases enzyme. The involvement of cell cycle check point arrest has been performed using flow cytometry analysis. The current study found that ST has the capacity to induce cell toxicity in human liver cells. The inhibitory capacity of ST in HepG2 and WRL 68 has been found to be 151 &amp;plusmn; 2.5 and 305 &amp;plusmn; 11.5 &amp;mu;g/ml for 24 h. An early apoptosis induction in HepG2 cells was observed by annexin V assay, which clearly exhibited significantly increased early and late apoptosis phases both at 24 and 48 h. Both the caspases-8 and-9 level was found to be increased by the introduction of ST to HepG2 cells significantly (p&amp;lt;0.05). Moreover the ST extract was able to arrest the cell cycle check point at G2/M phase. A significantly increasing pattern of hypodiploid phases of cells also been observed, which confirm the apoptosis induction again. Collectively, results presented in this study demonstrated that the ST, which is used as a euphoritic substance of abuse also, has significant level of toxicity in human cells. Moreover the mode of cell death was found to be though programmed cell death which is closely associated with cell cycle arrest.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Key words: &lt;/strong&gt;Hepatotoxicity,&lt;em&gt; In vitro&lt;/em&gt; models, Saudi Arabia, Smokeless tobacco, Substance Absue Research Centre, Shammah.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">242</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Siddig Ibrahim Abdelwahab&lt;sup&gt;*1&lt;/sup&gt;, Syam Mohan&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Manal Moahmed Elhassan Taha&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Rashad Bin Mohammed Alsanosy&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; and Hamed Karimian&lt;sup&gt;3 &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Substance Abuse Research Centre, Jazan University, 11420, Jazan, Saudi Arabia&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Medical Research Center, Jazan University, 11420, Jazan, Saudi Arabia&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suvitha Syam,</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ahmad Bustamam,</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rasedee Abdullah,</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mohamed Aspollah Sukari,</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Najihah Mohd Hashim,</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maizatulakmal Yahayu,</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pouya Hassandarvish,</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Syam Mohan,</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Siddig Ibrahim Abdelwahab</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cytotoxicity and Oral Acute Toxicity Studies of b-mangostin Isolated from Cratoxylum arborescens</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acute toxicity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anti-cancer</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cratoxylum arborescens</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">β-mangostin</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18th Feb,2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">47-56</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction:&lt;/strong&gt; The objective of this study was to investigate the cytotoxicity and oral acute toxicity of &amp;beta;-mangostin isolated from &lt;em&gt;Cratoxylum arborescens&lt;/em&gt;. Material and methods: Healthy male and female ICR mice (8 weeks) were fed orally with 250 and 500mg/kg of &amp;beta;-mangostin. Body weight of each animal was measured and any gross behavioral change was observed daily. Hematological and clinical biochemical parameters as well as histopathological analysis were carried out on 15th day. The level of oxidative stress was analyzed using MDA and GSH measurement.&lt;strong&gt;Discussion:&lt;/strong&gt; The results showed that oral administration of the &amp;beta;-mangostin had no adverse effect on the growth rate, hematological and clinical biochemical parameters. Histological studies showed that the treatments did not induce any pathological changes in the liver and kidney. The compound at both the doses did not alter the oxidative stress biomarkers. The &lt;em&gt;in vitro&lt;/em&gt; cytotoxicity of &amp;beta; Mangostin was investigated in HepG2, A549, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and PC3 cells. There was significant cytotoxicity in both type of breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231). In conclusion, our results show that there was no treatment-related acute toxicity in mice following 14-days oral administration of 250 and 500mg/kg of &amp;beta;-mangostin. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; The results showed that the compound can be selected for detailed &lt;em&gt;in vitro&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;in vivo&lt;/em&gt; breast cancer research.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Key words: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Cratoxylum arborescens&lt;/em&gt;, β-mangostin, acute toxicity, anti-cancer.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Suvitha Syam&lt;sup&gt;*,1&lt;/sup&gt;, Ahmad Bustamam&lt;sup&gt;1,*&lt;/sup&gt;, Rasedee Abdullah&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Mohamed Aspollah Sukari&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Najihah Mohd Hashim&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;, Maizatulakmal Yahayu&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;, Pouya Hassandarvish&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;, Syam Mohan&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt; and Siddig Ibrahim Abdelwahab&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;strong&gt;5&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;Medical Research Centre, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114 Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.&lt;/p&gt;</style></auth-address></record></records></xml>