<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amjad T Shatarat</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sawsan Abuhamdah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eman Alefishat</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mohamed K Al-Essa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rima Altaweel R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Faisal Mohammed</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Darwish Badran</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hanan Jafar</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effects of Beta-Carboline Alkaloids of Peganum Harmala on Induced Rat Ileum Contractions</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Harmaline</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Harmalol</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Harmine</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ileum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peganum Hermala L</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rat</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spasmolytic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">β-Carbolines alkaloids</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">March 2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">260-265</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Peganum harmala &lt;/em&gt;L., Zygophyllaceae popularly known as Wild Syrian rue, a well-known plant in folk medicine for many pharmacological uses including antispasmodic activity. Chemical composition of the plant showed that the most important constituents of this plant are betacarboline alkaloids such as harmalol, harmaline, and harmine. In this work, we aimed to evaluate the effects of these three major harmala alkaloids on induced rat ileum contractions, induced by acetylcholine, BaCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and KCl. Of these three harmala alkaloids, harmalol and harmaline produced a concentration-dependent spasmolytic activity, which was found to be reversible (i.e. disappeared after tissue wash-up. Both alkaloids inhibited acetylcholine and KCl-induced ileum contractions but BaCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; -induced contractions were only inhibited by harmalol but not harmaline. Harmine did not show any inhibitory activity.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">260</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Amjad T. Shatarat&lt;sup&gt;1,&lt;/sup&gt;*, Sawsan Abuhamdah&lt;sup&gt;2,3&lt;/sup&gt;, Eman Alefishat&lt;sup&gt;3,4&lt;/sup&gt;, Mohamed Al-Essa&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;, Rima Altaweel R&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Faisal Mohammed&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;, Darwish Badran&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Hanan Jafar&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, JORDAN.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;College of Pharmacy, Al-Ain University, Abu Dhabi, UAE.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, JORDAN.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, UAE.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, JORDAN.&lt;/p&gt;
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