<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Michael Osawemi Oboh</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Foluso Oluwagbemiga Osunsanmi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Godfrey Elijah Zharare</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rebamang Anthony Mosa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Michael Chukwuka Ojo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrew Rowland Opoku</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In vitro Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Potential of Crude Extracts from the Seed Coat and Fruit Pulp of Strychnos madagascariensis</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alkaloids</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diabetes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hyperglycaemia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hyperlipidaemia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytochemicals</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">November 2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1504-1511</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;Diabetes mellitus remains a global health issue despite the advance in orthodox medicine. This study investigated the &lt;em&gt;in vitro&lt;/em&gt; antioxidant and antidiabetic potential of crude extracts from the seed coat and pulp of &lt;em&gt;Strychnos madagascariensis&lt;/em&gt;. The phytochemical screening was carried out using standard protocols. Different extracts were prepared from the fruit parts by maceration using methanol, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water for antioxidant and antidiabetic assays, and their percentage yield was calculated. The antioxidant potential of the extracts was determined using 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) and 2’2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Antidiabetic activities of the extracts were investigated using α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and pancreatic lipase assays. Terpenoids, alkaloids and cardiac glycosides were present in both the fruit parts. However, saponin present in the fruit pulp was absent in the seed coat (testa). The percentage yields are as follows; water &amp;gt; ethyl acetate &amp;gt; hexane &amp;gt; methanol (seed coat) and methanol &amp;gt; water &amp;gt; ethyl acetate &amp;gt; hexane (fruit pulp), respectively. The crude extracts scavenged ABTS and DPPH radicals in different degrees. The aqueous extract of the pulp and seed coat (testa) showed significant (P &amp;lt; 0.05) higher scavenging activity against ABTS (IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt;; 0.012 and 0.006 mg/ml) and DPPH (IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt;; 0.06 mg/ml and 0.064 mg/ml) radicals than other extracts. The crude extracts inhibited α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and pancreatic lipase. The aqueous and methanol extracts of the fruit parts showed better amylase inhibitory activity than other extracts. The aqueous extract of the seed coat (IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt;; 0.0785 mg/ml) showed the highest glucosidase inhibitory activity. In addition, methanol extract of the seed coat (IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt;; 0.069 mg/ml) exhibited the highest inhibitory activity on pancreatic lipase compared to the extracts in other solvents. Hence, the aqueous and methanol crude extracts of Strychnos madagascariensis seed coat and fruit pulp could be used in the preparation of nutraceutical products for managing diabetic mellitus.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6s</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1504</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Michael Osawemi Oboh&lt;sup&gt;1,&lt;/sup&gt;*, Foluso Oluwagbemiga Osunsanmi&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Godfrey Elijah Zharare&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Rebamang Anthony Mosa&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Michael Chukwuka Ojo&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, and Andrew Rowland Opoku&lt;sup&gt;3 &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Agricultural Science, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, SOUTH AFRICA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biochemistry, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, SOUTH AFRICA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, SOUTH AFRICA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Michael Chukwuka Ojo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Foluso Oluwagbemiga Osunsanmi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Godfrey Elijah Zaharare</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rebamang Anthony Mosa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nkosinathi David Cele</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Michael Osawemi Oboh</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andy Rowland Opoku</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In-vitro Anti-diabetic and Antioxidant Efficacy of Methanolic Extract of Encephalartos ferox leaves</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diabetic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flavonoids</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hyperglycaemia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hyperlipidemia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hypoglycaemic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Protein- glycation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">May 2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">455-460</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; Diabetes mellitus has been identified as one of the global cause of disability and death. &lt;strong&gt;Objectives:&lt;/strong&gt; The study aim to investigate the &lt;em&gt;in-vitro&lt;/em&gt; antidibetic and antioxidant activities of methanolic extract of &lt;em&gt;Encephalartos ferox&lt;/em&gt; leaves. &lt;strong&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; The plant was screened for its Phytochemical composition. The plant material was extracted with methanol and the methanolic extract was screened (&lt;em&gt;in-vitro&lt;/em&gt;) for its antioxidant activity using ABTS and DPPH assays. The potential antidiabetic activity of the plant extract was evaluated against some carbohydrates (α- amylase and α-glucosidase) and lipid (pancreatic lipase) digestive enzymes. The inverted intestinal sac model was also used to investigate the effect of the extract on intestinal glucose absorption. The anti-protein glycation activity of the extract was determined using haemoglobin. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of most of the phytochemicals (Tannins, Flavonoids, Terpenoids, Alkaloids etc) that were screened for. The crude extract exhibited the antidiabetic potential as it significantly (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;&amp;lt; 0.05) inhibited α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase in a dose dependent fashion. The extract also effectively reduced intestinal glucose absorption. The extract further showed antioxidant activity by efficiently scavenging ABTS and DPPH radicals with IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; values of 68.3 μg/ml and 308 μg/ml, respectively. The extract also inhibited haemoglobin glycation, thus displaying the anti-protein glycation potential. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; It is apparent that &lt;em&gt;E. ferox&lt;/em&gt; extract could serve as scaffold for diabetic therapy. For future study, cytotoxicity profile and &lt;em&gt;in vivo&lt;/em&gt; investigation of the antidiabetic activity of the crude extract are essential.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">455</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Michael Chukwuka Ojo&lt;sup&gt;1,*&lt;/sup&gt;, Foluso Oluwagbemiga Osunsanmi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Godfrey Elijah Zaharare&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Rebamang Anthony Mosa&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Nkosinathi David Cele&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Michael Osawemi Oboh&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Andy Rowland Opoku&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Republic of SOUTH AFRICA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Agricultural Science, University of Zululand, Republic of SOUTH AFRICA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Foluso Oluwagbemiga Osunsanmi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Godfrey Elijah Zharare</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andy Rowland Opoku</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytochemical Constituents and Antioxidant Potential of Crude Extracts from Lippia Javanica (Burm.f.) Spreng Leaves</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ABTS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antioxidants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DPPH</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lippia Javanica</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytochemicals</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">July 2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">803-807</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Oxidative stress is implicated in most life threaten diseases. &lt;strong&gt;Objectives:&lt;/strong&gt; This study evaluated the phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activity of &lt;em&gt;Lippia javanica’s&lt;/em&gt; crude extracts. &lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Phytochemical screening was carried out on pulverized &lt;em&gt;Lippia javanica &lt;/em&gt;leaves using standard protocols. Crude extracts were prepared using various solvents (hexane, acetone, ethylacetate, methanol, dichloromethane respectively), and percentage yields calculated. The antioxidant activities of crude extracts were monitored with DPPH, ABTS and nitric oxide (NO) radicals using spectra techniques. &lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The phytochemical presents in &lt;em&gt;Lippia javanica&lt;/em&gt; were tannin, flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids and phenols. Percentage yield increased in order; Acetone &amp;gt; Methanol, &amp;gt; Dichloromethane &amp;gt; Ethyl-acetate &amp;gt; Hexane. All the crude extracts showed differ degrees of antioxidant potential as evidence by significantly (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &amp;lt; 0.05) scavenging DPPH, ABTS and NO radicals, Acetone crude extract showed the lowest IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; (2.22 × 10&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt; and 2.42 × 10&lt;sup&gt;-3 &lt;/sup&gt;mg/ml) toward DPPH and ABTS radical respectively in comparison to other crude extracts, and the positive controls (Ascorbic acid and Butylated hydroxyl anisole), Hexane crude extract showed the lowest IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; (3.95 × 10&lt;sup&gt;-1 &lt;/sup&gt;mg/ml) toward NO radical compared with other treatments.&lt;strong&gt; Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; Therefore, this study proves that &lt;em&gt;Lippia javanica &lt;/em&gt;crude extracts are good source of natural antioxidants in alleviating oxidative stress diseases. Isolation of bioactive compounds from crude extracts are desirable for future studies.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">803</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Foluso Oluwagbemiga Osunsanmi&lt;sup&gt;1,*&lt;/sup&gt;, Godfrey Elijah Zharare&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Andy Rowland Opoku&lt;sup&gt;2 &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Agricultural Science, University of Zululand, SOUTH AFRICA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology Science, University of Zululand, SOUTH AFRICA.&lt;/p&gt;
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