<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hamdoon Abdelhamid Mohammed</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mohsen Saleh Al-Omer</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adel Mohammed Ahmed</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nadia Elbialy Hashish</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hasan Meshal Alsaedi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suliman Abdulaziz Alghazy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ahmed Abdelfattah Hafez Abdellatif</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Comparative Study for the Volatile Oil Constituents and Antimicrobial Activity of Rhanterium epapposum Oliv. Growing in Qassim, Saudi Arabia</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antimicrobial activity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Comparative study</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Essential oils</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hot extraction. Cold extraction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rhanterium epapposum</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">January 2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">195-199</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; Rhanterium epapposum&lt;/em&gt; is an herbaceous plant widely distributed in the Gulf region and used by Bedouins as antiseptic for wounds, skin infections and in gastrointestinal disturbances. &lt;strong&gt;Aim:&lt;/strong&gt; The study aimed to compare the results obtained from volatile oil analysis of &lt;em&gt;R. epapposum &lt;/em&gt;growing in Buraydah, Qassim with reported data of the same plant growing in Riyadh “Al-Majmaah” and Northern border region of Saudi Arabia. Both cold and hot extracts of the &lt;em&gt;R. epapposum &lt;/em&gt;were used to find the best extraction method to be adopted as an antimicrobial agent. Methods: Volatile oils were distillated using Clevenger apparatus and analyzed by GC-MS. The plant powder was extracted by cold maceration and hot contentious extraction methods. Furthermore, antimicrobial activity was conducted using the agar diffusion method.&lt;strong&gt; Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The hydro-distillation of &lt;em&gt;R. epapposum&lt;/em&gt; growing in Qassim region yielded 0.5 % w/w of the total volatile oils. Moreover, forty-three compounds of 97.68% of the volatile oil components were identified while modephene, caryophyllene, linalyl acetate and epizonarene were the major components of volatile oils. Nevertheless, the volatile oils diversity and concentrations were found to be different in &lt;em&gt;R. epapposum &lt;/em&gt;growing in Buraydah, as compared with the plant growing in Riyadh and the northern border region of Saudi Arabia which almost due to the differences in the environmental condition. Among all extracts, ethyl acetate hot extract showed the best inhibition to bacterial strains while fugal strain &lt;em&gt;Candida albicans&lt;/em&gt; growth was better inhibited by hot &lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt;-hexane extract. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; Volatile oils were active against all microbial strains. Hot extracts were more active against bacterial strains while the opposite effects were found against &lt;em&gt;Candida albicans &lt;/em&gt;which was generally inhibited by the cold extracts.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">195</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hamdoon Abdelhamid Mohammed&lt;sup&gt;1,2,*&lt;/sup&gt;, Mohsen Saleh Al-Omer&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Adel Mohammed Ahmed&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Nadia Elbialy Hashish&lt;sup&gt;1,6&lt;/sup&gt;, Hasan Meshal Alsaedi&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Suliman Abdulaziz Alghazy&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Ahmed Abdelfattah Hafez Abdellatif&lt;sup&gt;4,5&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Medicnal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Pharmacognosy department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, EGYPT.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Pharm. D. student, Faculty of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Pharmaceutics and Industrial pharmacy department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, EGYPT.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;Pharmaceutics department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacognosy , College of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Egypt).&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record></records></xml>