<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Faiz Muhammad Ammar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Christrijogo Sumartono Waloejo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Herdiani Sulistyo Putri</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kohar Hari Santoso</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prananda Surya Airlangga</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Budi Utomo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effect of Cacao Bean Extract as a Paracetamol Adjuvant on Pain Scale and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha in Neuropathic Pain: An Animal Model Study</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cacao</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neuropathic pain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pain scale</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paracetamol</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TNF-α</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December 2024</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1336-1341</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction:&lt;/strong&gt; One treatment for neuropathic pain is paracetamol. Meanwhile, cacao bean extract is a traditional remedy developed for pain management. &lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; Analyzing effect of combining cacao bean extract and paracetamol on pain scale and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in neuropathic pain. &lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Subjects were randomized post-test only control group design from 28 mice (Mus musculus) to 4 groups: G&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt; (control), G&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; (paracetamol only), G&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; (cacao + paracetamol), and G&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; (cacao + ½ doses paracetamol). The subject assessed pain scale using von Frey test and TNF-α. The statistical analysis includes paired t-tests, Wilcoxon, one-way ANOVA, Kruskal Wallis, and Pearson correlation tests with p &amp;lt;0.05. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The combination of cacao bean extract and paracetamol resulted in a pain scale of 2.57 ± 1.10 gf, with significant differences observed among the four groups (p &amp;lt;0.001). Significant differences in pain scale scores were found in four groups (p &amp;lt;0.001), including G&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt; (p = 0.006), G&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; (p &amp;lt;0.001), G&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; (p &amp;lt;0.001), and G&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; (p &amp;lt;0.001). After treatment, the average TNF-α levels was 86.96 ± 23.73 ng/mL, with significant differences observed among the four groups (p &amp;lt;0.001). There was a strong correlation between the pain scale and TNF-α levels (p &amp;lt;0.001). &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;In an animal model of neuropathic pain, using cacao bean extract as a paracetamol adjuvant significantly reduces pain scale (as measured by the von Frey test) and TNF-α levels.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1336</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Faiz Muhammad Ammar&lt;sup&gt;1,2&lt;/sup&gt;, Christrijogo Sumartono Waloejo&lt;sup&gt;1,2&lt;/sup&gt;, Herdiani Sulistyo Putri&lt;sup&gt;1,2*&lt;/sup&gt;, Kohar Hari Santoso&lt;sup&gt;1,2&lt;/sup&gt;, Prananda Surya Airlangga&lt;sup&gt;1,2&lt;/sup&gt;, Budi Utomo&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia&lt;/p&gt;
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