<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferdy Salamat</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anwar Daud</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anwar Mallongi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Does Land-Use Associate with Escherichia coli Pollution in Karst  Springs? A Review of the Literature</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Escherichia coli</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karst Springs</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land-Use</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pollution</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">December 2023</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1250-1253</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; The presence of &lt;em&gt;Escherichia coli &lt;/em&gt;bacteria in karst springs, influenced by land cover conditions and land use activities in rainwater catchment areas, indicates a decrease in water quality. The study aimed to describe the effect of land use on &lt;em&gt;Escherichia&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;coli &lt;/em&gt;contamination in karst springs.&lt;strong&gt; Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This was a narrative review retrieving studies from Scopus and PubMed databases. The keywords used are pollution, &lt;em&gt;Escherichia coli,&lt;/em&gt; land use, and karst springs. Of the 52 studies identified in the search phase, ten studies were eligible for inclusion in this review. &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The concentration of &lt;em&gt;Escherichia coli &lt;/em&gt;increases with increasing rainfall in all types of land use, such as forested land, mixed garden land, residential land, and grazing or livestock land. Factors that cause concentration &lt;em&gt;Escherichia coli &lt;/em&gt;does not meet water quality standards due to feces from wild animals, feces-contaminated fertilization, construction of non-water impermeable septic tanks, and feces from livestock grazing. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/strong&gt; Repairing septic tanks and sewage in areas with high population density may reduce &lt;em&gt;Escherichia coli &lt;/em&gt;contamination. Further research is needed to formulate strategies and policies for managing springs in the karst areas.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6s</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Review Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1250</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ferdy Salamat&lt;sup&gt;1,*&lt;/sup&gt;, Anwar Daud&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; , Anwar Mallongi&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Doctoral Program, School of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, INDONESIA. 3 Banggai Islands District Environmental Office, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
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