<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Napapat Rattanachitthawat</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sirichet Rattanachitthawat</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nichakan Peerakam</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anti-Wrinkle Activity of Clausena harmandiana Essential Oil and Development of a Bioactive Nano-Drug Delivery System for Cosmetic Applications</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anti -hyaluronidase</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anti-collagenase</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anti-Elastase</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anti-wrinkle</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clausena harmandiana</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Microemulsions</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August 2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">416-422</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; Clausena harmandiana (Song Fa) leaves are a source of essential oil, in which the dominant compound is trans-anethole and reported the high antioxidant activity but the inhibition of biological enzymes related to anti-wrinkle activity is limit. &lt;strong&gt;Objectives:&lt;/strong&gt; The objectives of this study are to investigate the ability of Song Fa leaf essential oil (SFEO) to inhibit enzymes that cause skin wrinkles and then to develop a bioactive ingredient in a nano-drug delivery system for anti-ageing cosmetic products.&lt;strong&gt; Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Fresh leaves of Song Fa were distilled and their essential oil obtained. Then, the anti-collagenase, elastase, and hyaluronidase activities were investigated and compared with those of an oleanolic acid standard. Then, SFEO was developed into a microemulsion by using Tween 80 as a surfactant and ethanol as a co-surfactant in a ratio of 1:1.&lt;strong&gt; Results: &lt;/strong&gt;SFEO presented the highest inhibitory activities against hyaluronidase and collagenase (IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; 10.94±1.06 and 19.06±0.06 μg/ml, respectively), which were close to those of oleanolic acid (IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; 7.43±0.58 and 16.75±0.14 μg/ml), followed by elastase (IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; 121.47±2.80 μg/ml). Two microemulsion formulas with different amounts of essential oil, 1% and 5% w/w, were formulated and evaluated for their enzyme inhibitory activities. The results showed that 5% Song Fa microemulsion inhibited collagenase and elastase (35.78% and 99.35%, respectively) by more than 1% Song Fa microemulsion (34.22% and 92.67%, respectively) and only the 5% Song Fa microemulsion formula exhibited anti-hyaluronidase activity. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;This information will benefit the development of essential-oil-based products and increase the utilization of medicinal plants in the cosmetic industry.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research Article </style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></accession-num><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">416</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Napapat Rattanachitthawat&lt;sup&gt;1,*&lt;/sup&gt;, Sirichet Rattanachitthawat&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Nichakan Peerakam&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi Province, THAILAND.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Burapha University, Sakaeo Campus, THAILAND.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record></records></xml>