<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Varidianto Yudo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Widjiati</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Harianto Notopuro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yulianto Listiawan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Budi Utomo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Purwo Sri Rejeki</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prawesty Diah Utami</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aryati</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effects of Golden Sea Cucumber Extract (Stichopus hermanni) on Hyphae, Neutrophils and TNF-α in BALB/c Mice Inoculated with C. albicans Intravaginally</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Candida vaginitis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hyphae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neutrophils</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stichopus hermanni extract</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">TNF-α</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August 2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">278-285</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Candidal vaginitis&lt;/em&gt; is an inflammatory disease that caused mainly by &lt;em&gt;Candida albicans&lt;/em&gt;. Yeast transitions to filamentous hyphae considered the most important virulence factor. Neutrophils are the first line of defense of the immune system, but in patients with&lt;em&gt; Candidal vaginitis&lt;/em&gt; the recruitment of neutrophils into the vaginal lumen is positively correlated with symptoms of the disease. This is supported by the release of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α. Standard treatment is considered less effective in relieving symptoms, so other alternative/adjunctive treatments are needed. Golden sea cucumber (Stichopus hermanni) extract has been widely studied, especially for anti-fungal and anti-inflammatory. This study aims to analyze the mechanism of decreasing number of hyphae and neutrophils, and proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α in BALB/c mice inoculated intravaginally with &lt;em&gt;C. albicans &lt;/em&gt;after administration of golden sea cucumber extract (&lt;em&gt;S. hermanni&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;strong&gt; Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Experimental research uses a post-test only control group design. The experimental unit consisted of 36 BALB/c mice that were inoculated intravaginally with &lt;em&gt;C. albicans &lt;/em&gt;and divided into 4 groups, group that did not receive treatment (K-), group that received standard treatment fluconazole (K+), group that received treatment with golden sea cucumber extract (&lt;em&gt;S. hermanni&lt;/em&gt;) (P1) and group that received standard treatment with fluconazole plus extract of golden sea cucumber (&lt;em&gt;S. hermanni&lt;/em&gt;) (P2). The hyphae and neutrophils number were seen microscopically on vaginal mucosal tissue. Cytokine levels of TNF-α were seen from the ELISA blood samples. &lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Results showed from the vaginal mucosal tissue of mice, there was significant difference in the number of hyphae (p = 0.001) between groups and no significant difference in the number of neutrophils (p = 0.070) between groups. From the blood serum of mice, there were significant differences in TNF-α levels (p=0.001) between groups. From the path analysis obtained a significant relationship from the number of hyphae to the number of neutrophils (p = 0.034) and the number of neutrophils to TNF-α levels (p = 0.021). The strength of the pathway from number of hyphae to number of neutrophils (β= 0.354) and number of neutrophils to TNF-α levels (β= 0.382) with positive interactions all. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; In summary, the administration of &lt;em&gt;S. hermanni&lt;/em&gt; extract was able to reduce the number of hyphae, neutrophils and TNF-α levels through the hyphae, neutrophil and TNF-α pathway.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article </style></work-type><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">05</style></accession-num><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">278</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Varidianto Yudo&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Widjiati&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Harianto Notopuro&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Yulianto Listiawan&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Budi Utomo&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Purwo Sri Rejeki&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, Prawesty Diah Utami&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Aryati&lt;sup&gt;2,*&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Medical Faculty, Hang Tuah University, Surabaya, Indonesia - Affiliated Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Medical Faculty, Airlangga University, Surabaya, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Doctoral Program, Medical Faculty, Airlangga University, Surabaya, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Medical Faculty, Hang Tuah University, Surabaya, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></auth-address></record></records></xml>