<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kusmardi Kusmardi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elvan Wiyarta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ari Estuningtyas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nurhuda Sahar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yurnadi Hanafi Midoen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aryo Tedjo</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Potential of Phaleria macrocarpa Leaves Ethanol Extract to Upregulate the Expression of Caspase-3 in Mouse Distal Colon after Dextran Sodium Sulphate Induction</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Apoptosis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inflammation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mahkota Dewa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ulcerative colitis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">January 2021</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23-29</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a part of incurable chronic inflammatory disease that has gained importance over the past few decades. A lot of research has been done to find effective treatments for UC, one of which is herbal medicine. &lt;em&gt;Phaleria macrocarpa&lt;/em&gt; (PM), an Indonesian native plant, is thought to be an alternative therapy for UC because of its anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, in this research, &lt;em&gt;Phaleria macrocarpa&lt;/em&gt; Leaves Ethanol Extract (&lt;em&gt;PM&lt;/em&gt;LEE) is used to assess its effect on UC by using Caspase-3 as apoptosis marker. PMLEE was made from dried material of PM that undergo maceration. Animals were separated into six groups: normal, negative control, positive control, and PMLEE groups (100, 200, 300 mg/kgBW). PMLEE was then injected to BALB/c mice that have been induced by dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) for 7 consecutive days. DSS is used to model UC in mice colon tissue. All animals were sacrificed and their colons were collected then stained with anti-Caspase-3. The stained sections were subsequently examined with ImageJ based on color intensity which generated H-Score as the results. Based on H-Score of each group, PMLEE 300mg has significantly upregulate the expression of Caspase-3 compare to the negative control (p=0.015). PMLEE also has a tendency to be dose dependent based on the significant difference between PMLEE doses. Therefore, it concludes that PMLEE is able to upregulate the expression of Caspase-3 in colon cells as in this study it was directly proportional. &lt;strong&gt;Key words:&lt;/strong&gt; Mahkota Dewa, Inflammation, Apoptosis, Ulcerative colitis.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Original Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Kusmardi Kusmardi&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Elvan Wiyarta&lt;sup&gt;2,&lt;/sup&gt;*, Ari Estuningtyas&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, Nurhuda Sahar&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;, Yurnadi Hanafi Midoen&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;, Aryo Tedjo&lt;sup&gt;5 &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Anatomic Pathology, Drug Development Research Cluster, Human Cancer Research Center, IMERI, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Salemba Raya 6 Jakarta, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Salemba Raya 6 Jakarta, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Salemba Raya 6 Jakarta, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Salemba Raya 6 Jakarta, INDONESIA&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;5Department Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Salemba Raya 6 Jakarta, INDONESIA.&lt;/p&gt;
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