<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phakamani Hopewell Tsilo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sidney Tsolanku Maliehe</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jabulani Siyabonga Shandu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rene Khan</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemical Composition and Some Biological Activities of the Methanolic Encephalartos ferox Fruit Extract</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pharmacognosy Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anti-quorum sensing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antibacterial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antioxidant</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cytotoxicity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">August 2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1190-1197</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Although literature reports the therapeutic properties of &lt;em&gt;Encephalartos ferox&lt;/em&gt;, there are limited pharmacological studies of its fruit. &lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;This study sought to evaluate the antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-quorum sensing and &lt;em&gt;in vitro &lt;/em&gt;cytotoxic activities of the methanolic&lt;em&gt; E. ferox&lt;/em&gt; fruit extract. &lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The chemical constituent of the methanolic fruit extract was analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Antibacterial activity of the extract was investigated against &lt;em&gt;Staphylococcus aureus &lt;/em&gt;(ATCC 25923), &lt;em&gt;Bacillus cereus&lt;/em&gt; (ATCC 10102), &lt;em&gt;Escherichia coli &lt;/em&gt;(ATCC 25922) and &lt;em&gt;Pseudomonas aeruginosa&lt;/em&gt; (ATCC 27853) using the broth dilution method. The standard 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2.2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) methods were used to evaluate the scavenging activities of the extract. Anti-quorum sensing activity was assessed against biosensor strain- &lt;em&gt;Chromobacterium violaceum &lt;/em&gt;(ATCC 12472). Cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells was investigated using the tetrazolium-based colorimetric (MTT) assay. &lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The extract revealed eight volatile compounds with cis-Vaccenic acid (87.06%) and 9-Octadecenoic acid, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester (5.21%) as the major components. Antibacterial activity against all tested strains with minimum inhibitory concentration range of 1.56 - 12.5 mg/mL was observed. The DPPH and ABTS assays demonstrated scavenging activities with the median inhibitory concentration (IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt;) values of 0.09 mg/mL and 0.003 mg/mL, respectively. The extract also displayed strong anti-quorum sensing activity with 93% inhibition of violacein production at 25 mg/mL. A half maximum inhibitory concentration (IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt;) of 5370 μg/mL was computed in HepG2 cells. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; The extract has potential to be used as a source of therapeutic compounds in pharmaceutical applications.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Review Article</style></work-type><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1190</style></section><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Phakamani Hopewell Tsilo&lt;sup&gt;1,&lt;/sup&gt;*, Sidney Tsolanku Maliehe&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Jabulani Siyabonga Shandu&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, Rene Khan&lt;sup&gt;2 &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, SOUTH AFRICA.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;rtejustify&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu- Natal, Private Bag X 54001, Durban 4000, SOUTH AFRICA.&lt;/p&gt;
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