@article {1644, title = {Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition Activity and ADMET Properties of Terap (Artocarpus odoratissimus Blanco) Leaves Metabolites: Phytochemical Screening and in silico Studies}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {September 2021}, pages = {1150-1160}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {1150}, abstract = {

Indonesia, with its biodiversity, is overgrown by various kinds of plants that have medicinal potential, including Terap (Artocarpus odoratissimus Blanco). The leaves of A. odoratissimus are empirically used by local people of Borneo Island to treat gout. The purpose of this study was to determine the antigout activity of the active compound from A. odoratissimus leaves through xanthine oxidase inhibition using the molecular docking method and to determine the ADMET properties of these compounds. Phytochemical screening showed that A. odoratissimus leaf extract contained alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids/triterpenoids, and phenolics. The results of TLC showed that A. odoratissimus leaf extract contained steroid and flavonoid compounds in the form of stigmasterol and rutin. The results of molecular docking showed that flavan-3-ol provided the lowest bond-free energy against xanthine oxidase with a ΔG value of -8.3 kcal/mol, lower than allopurinol and hypoxanthine as reference ligands. Flavan-3-ol interacts with xanthine oxidase through hydrogen bonding with amino acid residues in the form of Arginine 912 and Lysine 1045. The prediction of ADMET properties from flavan-3-ol shows that the compound can be absorbed and has good permeability. Overall, the flavan-3-ol found in A. odoratissimus leaves shows the potential to be developed as a xanthine oxidase inhibitor for use in gout therapy.

}, keywords = {Artocarpus odoratissimus, Molecular docking, Xanthin Oxidase}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.148}, author = {Nisa Naspiah and Mohammad Rizki Fadhil Pratama and Sukardiman} } @article {842, title = {Xanthones Analysis and Antioxidant Activity Analysis (Applying ESR) of Six Different Maturity Levels of Mangosteen Rind Extract (Garcinia mangostana Linn.)}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {March 2019}, pages = {369-373}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {369}, abstract = {

Background: Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana Linn.) is tropical fruit that known to contain bioactive compounds which has particular function as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial. Mangosteen rind extract is known to have high contents of xanthone compounds which have antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities. This study was aiming to determine the contents of xanthone derivatives using Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and antioxidant activity of six different maturity levels of mangosteen rind extract using electron spin resonance (ESR). Method: Mangosteen was classified based on the maturity level by its visual characteristic and divided into six criteria of maturity. The mangosteen rinds were extracted through maceration and freeze drying method. Qualitative analysis of xanthone was obtained using LC-MS/MS. Antioxidant activity was determined using ESR spectrometer. To evaluate antioxidant activity, using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was used as free radical scavenger method. Results: The LC-MS/MS analysis showed that the highest concentrations are filled by mangosteen rind with maturity level 6. Moreover, each maturity levels of mangosteen rind extract has different g value compared to DPPH free radical. Different g value indicated the different type of free radical and decreasing g value indicated the declining intensity of free radical. The higher decreasing of g value was mangosteen rind with maturity level 4, 5 and 6. Conclusion: Mangosteen rind extract contains xanthone and its derivatives and ESR analysis showed that different maturity levels on mangosteen rind has different antioxidant activity as indicated by declining free radical intensity.

}, keywords = {Antioxidant, Electron spin resonance (ESR), Free radical, Mangosteen rind extract, Xanthone Garcinia mangostana}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.11.56}, author = {Marisca Evalina Gondokesumo and Bambang Pardjianto and Sutiman Bambang Sumitro and Wahyu Widowati} }