@article {1617, title = {Subchronic Toxicity of Ethanol Extract of Bitter Melon PULP (Momordica Charantia L.) on Liver Function and Histopathological Changes in Wistar Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {July 2021}, pages = {949-957}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {949}, abstract = {

Bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) is a plant that used as herbal medicine. It contains bioactive components which have hypoglycemic activity, immunomodulators, cancer chemoprevention, antiviral, antimicrobial, and inhibits oxidative stress and inflammation. The purpose of this study was to assess the degree of liver damage by macroscopic and microscopic examination. The sample consisted of 40 rats divided into 4 groups, Group 1, control group, was only given aquadest and pellets. Group 2-4 were treated with ethanol extract of bitter melon pulp 250 mg/kgbw, 500 mg/kgbw, and 1000 mg/kgbw during 28 days. On the 29th day, the termination was carried out, aspartate and alanin aminotransferase (AST/ALT) being measured, the liver being observed for the macroscopic and microscopic morphology. Kruskal-Wallis test showed there was no significant difference in relative organ weight (p = 0.177), liver macroscopy morphology (p = 0.207). Microscopic observation for liver fibrosis using Metavir scoring system showed highest mean liver fibrosis score in dose 1000 mg/kgbw. Kruskal-Wallis test for microscopic changes showed significantly difference in male rats (p = 0.001) and female rats (p = 0.002). Based on these study, we conclude that ethanol extract of bitter melon pulp at a dose of 250 mg/kgbw, 500 mg/kgbw, and 1000 mg/kgbw affect liver function significantly. But there{\textquoteright}s no subchronic toxicity effect on relative organ weight and macroscopic changes in liver morphology. Otherwise there was subchronic toxicity effect on changes in the microscopic structure of the liver characterized by the formation of fibrosis in the liver portal triad of experimental animals.

}, keywords = {Histopathological changes, Liver function, Momordica charantia L., Subchronic Toxicity}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.122}, author = {Welly Ratwita and Maman Djamaludin and Hindun Sa{\textquoteright}adah and Salsabilla Maharani} } @article {261, title = {Inhibition Activity of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) and Determination of Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Compound from Bitter Melon Leaves (Momordica charantia L.)}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, month = {February 2017}, pages = {252-256}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {252}, abstract = {

Introduction: Hypertension is a leading problem in Indonesia, because of the high prevalence and the long term effect. Bitter melon leaves (Momordica charantia L.) has been traditionally utilized to treat hypertension, yet not many studies explained the antihypertension effect of this plant. Methods: This study was conducted to test the benefit of bitter melon leaves as antihypertension using angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition activity in 80\% ethanolic extract and its fractions (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol) using ACE kit-WST (Dojindo, Japan). Then the antihypertension activity was associated with the phenolic content which was expressed in gallic acid equivalent (GAE) and total flavonoid in quercetin equivalent (QE). Results: Result of the study showed that the IC50 value obtained from the ethanolic extract to inhibit ACE activity was 7.52 \μg/mL and the highest inhibition obtained in ethyl acetate fraction with IC50 value was 4,29 \μg/mL. Phenolic total and flavonoid total determination also showed that the highest content obtained in ethyl acetate fraction with 18.752 mg GAE/gr extract and 8.310 mg QE/gr extract, respectively. Conclusion: According to the study, it could be concluded that bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) leaves provide inhibition activity against Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) and chemical compounds that were expected to play an active role in inhibiting ACE were flavonoid and tannin.

}, keywords = {Angiotensin converting enzyme, antihypertension, Momordica charantia L., total flavonoid., total phenolic}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2017.2.43}, url = {http://phcogj.com/fulltext/310}, author = {Putri Lestari and Katrin and Rissyelly and Putu Gita Maya Widyaswari Mahayasih} }