@article {2500, title = {A Review: Medicinal Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties of Plants from the Hermannia Genus}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {June 2025}, pages = {384-393}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {384}, abstract = {

Introduction: Medicinal plants play a pivotal role in treating illnesses and modern medicines are still being derived from plants. Hermannia genus is a significant traditional herbal medicine. This review evaluates the medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of plants from the genus Hermannia genus based on available research. Methods: Studies accessed from online research databases were systematically selected and analysed to construct a comprehensive review of the medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of plants from the genus. Results: Hermannia species are used in traditional medicine to treat or manage; respiratory conditions, gastrointestinal issues, skin conditions, sexually transmitted infections, and diabetes. Scientific findings also discovered promising pharmacological activities within members of the genus such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic and anticancer activities. To date, over 30 types of secondary metabolites have been identified from the genus, including the 2 pure compounds that were isolated and tested for pharmacological activities. Further research must prioritize other unexplored species of the genus and efficacy and mechanism of action studies on isolated compounds. Conclusion: The genus Hermannia is important in the treatment of diseases of high public health concern. The pharmacological studies and presence of secondary metabolites and bioactive compounds further validates the traditional uses of the genus. Therefore, the findings suggest that the genus has species that may serve as candidates for novel drug discovery for the treatment of various illnesses. Efficacy and mechanism of action studies still need to be conducted on isolated compounds and other unexplored species of the genus.

}, keywords = {Bioactive compounds, drug development, Hermannia, Pharmacological activities, Phytochemistry, Secondary metabolites, Traditional medicine}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2025.17.48}, author = {Mfundisi Nhlapo and Brian Ngobeni and Idah Manduna} } @article {1947, title = {Bio-Evaluation, In-Vitro and In-Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Activity, Therapeutic Efficacy, and Genotoxicity of the Potentials of the Green Seaweed Valoniopsis Pachynema using Zebra Fish Larvae (Danio Rerio) as an Animal Model}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {January 2023}, pages = {1037-1053}, type = {Research Article }, chapter = {1037}, abstract = {

Advancement in the medical sectors to treat regular diseases are increasing day-by-day. Yet, there is a considerable growth in the demand for the natural/herbal products as well due to their low level of side effects, cost efficiency and their multiple inhibition properties. Based on this, the present research works with an objective to examine the bioactive components, in vitro anti-inflammatory and in vivo antiinflammatory behaviour of the green marine macro algae Valoniopsis pachynema using zebra fish (Danio rerio) larvae as a skin inflammation model. In this study, the secondary metabolites are extracted using methanol solvent from the marine green seaweed, V. pachynema using the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis and these are further evaluated for their anti-inflammatory effects. Further screening process is accomplished for the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity by the albumin-denaturation inhibition. Results from concentration-dependent analysis is documented. The efficacy, therapeutic efficacy, and genotoxicity of the compound Valp at various concentrations are determined by recapitulating the pathophysiology of Skin inflammation in Zebrafish larvae. In evaluating the efficiency of the study, Valp at 1 pg, 10 pg, 100 pg are observed and progressed for the evaluation of therapeutic efficacy and genotoxicity. In the assessment of genotoxicity, the gene expression of mgmt gene is observed to be in control level at Valp 100 pg treated group confirming no genotoxicity. According to the results obtained, the green seaweed V. pachynema can be potentially explored as an effectual anti-inflammatory agent for its bio-functionalities

}, keywords = {Anti-inflammatory, Bioactive compounds, GC-MS, Marine algae, V. pachynema, Zebra fish larvae drug toxicity.}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.208}, author = {Bhuvaneshwari. J and Thirumalai Vasan. P} } @article {1852, title = {Indonesian Medicinal Plants with Anti-inflammatory Properties and Potency as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Herbal Medicine}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {August 2022}, pages = {432-444}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {432}, abstract = {

Indonesia is a tropical country with mega-biodiversity. Several medicinal plants locally have been recognized for their anti-inflammatory properties and are traditionally used to help treat respiratory diseases. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the diseases known as the high cause of death globally, and one of the treatment efforts is by using anti-inflammatory drugs. In developing alternative remedies for COPD, this review summarizes the potential of Indonesian medicinal plants and their ingredients known to have an anti-inflammatory activity to develop alternative remedies for COPD. Primarily, we focus on the medicinal plants that have been scientifically proven to pose some biological activities, such as legetan warak (Adenostemma lavenia), celery (Apium graveolens), pegagan (Centella asiatica), kenikir (Cosmos caudatus), and kersen (Muntingia calabura). This review is expected to provide more information about Indonesian medicinal plants and their potencies to be developed as COPD herbal medicine and, further, as a treatment to help patients suffering from coronavirus disease (COVID-19).

}, keywords = {Anti-inflammatory, Bioactive compounds, Biological activity, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Indonesian medicinal plants}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.119}, author = {Min Rahminiwati and Trivadila and Dyah Iswantini and Hiroshi Takemori and Mamoru Koketsu and Rut Novalia Rahmawati Sianipar and Suminar Setiati Achmadi and Ahmad Sjahriza and Betty Marita Soebrata and Armi Wulanawati} } @article {1222, title = {Identification of the Chemical Compound of Essential Oil from Ketumbar (Coriandrum sativum L.) Leaves with Gc-Ms}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {August 2020}, pages = {1019-1023}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1019}, abstract = {

Introduction: Coriandrum sativum L. leaves are plants used as a cooking spice that has a distinctive aroma. Various components of bioactive compounds are known from various parts of this plant, but the components of the bioactive compounds of essential oils from the leaves have never been reported. Objective: This research was designed to analyze the components of bioactive compounds contained in the essential oil of C. sativum leaves using a modified simple distillation tool. Method: C. sativum leaves essential oil component analysis with GC-MS (Shimadzu QP-2010 Plus). Results: Analysis GC-MS of the content of the bioactive compounds of essential oils contained various bioactive compounds. The dominant bioactive compounds are 2-Decen-1-ol (17.01\%), 9-Octadecenal (9.59\%), 1-Decanol (8.20\%), Dotriacontane (4.40\%), and Tetrapentacosan (3.68\%). Conclusion: The results of the research showed that there were various bioactive compound contents from the essential oil of C. sativum leaves and it was important to test the activity of each component of the bioactive compound as an important recommendation for pharmaceutical natural ingredients.

}, keywords = {Bioactive compounds, Coriandrum sativum, Distillation, Essential oil and GC-MS}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.144}, author = {Kasta Gurning and Iksen and Helen Anjelina Simanjuntak and Hermawan Purba} } @article {983, title = {The Diversity of Biologically Active Compounds in the Rhizomes of Recently Discovered Zingiberaceae Plants Native to North Eastern Thailand}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {September 2019}, pages = {1014-1022}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1014}, abstract = {

Objective: To identify and quantify the bioactive compounds, along with biological activities, of native Thai edible Zingiberaceae. Methods: The bioactive compounds evaluated were phenolic acids, flavonoid, vitamin C, curcumin, 6-gingerol, eugenol and essential amino acids; analyses involved HPLC and LCMS/MS. Antioxidant activities were assessed by DPPH and FRAP assays. Results: Zingiber officinale was the richest source of bioactive compounds, followed by Z. officinale, Alpinia zerumbet and Alpinia conchigera. Total phenolic content and total flavonoid contents ranged widely across these species (17 to 200 mg GAE/100 g DW and 17 to 66 mg RE/100 g DW). All the species studied possessed strong antiglycation properties, ranging from 82 to 98\%, with strong positive correlations of total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. The contents of curcumin, 6-gingerol, eugenol and vitamin C were in the range of 1 to 26, 1 to 140 μg/ g DW, 5 to 1600 and 4 to 21 mg/100 g DW, respectively. Seven essential amino acids identified by using LCMS/MS were found in most samples studied ranging from 2 to 6752 μg/100 g DW. Conclusion: Z. officinale is an abundant source of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity in all these samples. These plants are fresh sources for developing novel functional ingredients in either food or cosmetics.

}, keywords = {Antiglycation, Antioxidants, Bioactive compounds, Essential amino acids, Ginger family}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.11.160}, author = {Theeraphan Chumroenphat and Issaraporn Somboonwatthanakul and Surapon Saensouk and Sirithon Siriamornpun} } @article {892, title = {Gas Chromatography-Mass spectrometry Analysis of Methanol Extracts from Marine Red Seaweed Gracilaria corticata}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {May 2019}, pages = {547-554}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {547}, abstract = {

Introduction: The objective of the work is to analyse the methanol extract of marine red macro algae species Gracilaria corticata using Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to reveal the presence of various secondary metabolites and bioactive compounds present in the algae and study its diverse properties. Methods: Gracilaria corticata was collected along the shore of Mandapam and was identified and authenticated. The methanol extract of the algae was prepared and analysed using GC-MS Perkin-Elmer, Clarus 680 model to reveal the various bioactive present in the algae. Results: The analysis revealed several bioactive compounds:undecane; 2-decyloxirane (2.023\%); Methy n-tridecanoate;n-hexadecanoic acid (74.198\%); eicosanoic acid (2.262\%); nonanoic acid (2.084\%); oleic acid (6.609\%); oleic acid (4.156\%); pentadecanoic acid (2.176\%); bicycle [3.2.1] oct-3-en-2-one,3,8-dihydroxy- 1-1methoxy-7-(7-methoxy-1, 3 benzodioxol-5-yl)-6-methyl-5 (2.901\%);N-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl) dodecanamide (2.048\%); and cholesta-8,24-dien-3-ol,4-methyl (1.542\%). The bioactive compounds from methanol extract of algae after GC-MS analysis and their essential medicinal properties were studied in this research work. Conclusion: Gracilaria corticata has potential against bacteria, fungi, free radical scavenging, etc and can used in the drug discovery and development sector.

}, keywords = {Bioactive compounds, GC-MS, Gracilaria corticata, Medicinal properties, Secondary metabolites}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.11.87}, author = {Venkataraghavan Ragunathan and Jayashree Pandurangan and Thiruchelvi Ramakrishnan} } @article {835, title = {Gymnema sylvestre (Gurmar): A Potent Herb with Anti-diabetic and Antioxidant Potential}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {February 2019}, pages = {201-206}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {201}, abstract = {

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder with high blood sugar level. Type 2 is the common form. The herbal remedies for diabetes treatment is an area of research with a huge potential for the progress in the growth of inexpensive alternative medicine with low or no side effects. In this paper, reviews mainly focused on traditionally used medicinal herb, Gymnema sylvestre and its bioactive components and their mode of actions. Method: Relevant information was collected from scientific journals, research papers, books and various medicinal reviews. Result: This review provides a comprehensive report on Gymnema sylvestre having antidiabetic and antioxidant activity due to its bioactive compounds like oleanines (gymnemic acid, gymnema saponins), dammarenes (gymnemasides), anthraquinones, flavones, hentriacontane, pentatriacontane, phytin, resin, tartaric acid, formic acid, butyric acid, lupeol, β-amyrene related glycosides and anthraquinones, alkaloid like gymnamine, flavonoids, cinnamic acid, folic acid, ascorbic acid etc. Conclusion: Considering the presence of bioactive compounds present in Gymnema sylvestre, this review is aimed to summarize the information of the chemical constituents and their antidiabetic activities and specially to detect the relation between antioxidants and antidiabetic compounds regarding blood sugar reduction in diabetes.

}, keywords = {Alternative medicine, Anti- diabetic, Antioxidant, Bioactive compounds, Gymnema sylvestre}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.11.33}, author = {Suparna Laha and Santanu Paul} } @article {994, title = {An Overview of Phytochemical and Pharmacological Potentials of Punica granatum L}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {September 2019}, pages = {1167-1171}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {1167}, abstract = {

Pomegranate (Punica granatum) is considered as {\textquotedblleft}A pharmacy unto itself{\textquotedblright} in Ayurvedic medicine and also used in several other systems of medicine. The plant belongs to the family Lythraceae containing pomegranate as a predominant species. Various parts of the plant exhibits significant pharmacological activities due to its wide range of potential bioactive compounds. Many biological activities proved its antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti- athersclerotic, antidiabetic actions and many more. This article provides a review of phytoconstituents of Punica granatum and its diverse array of biological properties.

}, keywords = {Bioactive compounds, Lythraceae, Pharmacological activities, Phytoconstituents, Punica granatum, Traditional medicine}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.11.181}, author = {Janani Jacob and Rajiv P and Gopalan R and Lakshmanaperumalsamy P} } @article {503, title = {Comparative Analysis of Biochemical Compounds of Leaf, Flower and Fruit of Couroupita guianensis and Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {January 2018}, pages = {315-323}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {315}, abstract = {

Couroupita guianensis is commonly known as cannonball tree, belonging to the family Lecythidaceae. This tree has enormous medicinal values since most of its parts are used as medicines traditionally. In this work, two major aspects were studied. Firstly, the phytochemical screening and biological activities of various extracts of leaf, flower and fruit are prepared and studied. Secondly, silver nanoparticles were synthesized from these parts, characterized instrumentally and checked for its antibacterial activity. This study reveals that except the aqueous extracts, all other extracts have good antioxidant and antibacterial activity hence stating the presence of bioactive compounds. Flower mediated nanoparticles showed better results than others which may be due to the presence of certain phytochemical compounds responsible for the reduction and capping of silver nanoparticles. These results showed the potential of Couroupita guianensis and further investigation to isolate such pharmacologically active compounds that can be used in the production of novel drugs for various diseases would be promising.

}, keywords = {Bioactive compounds, Couroupita guianensis, Nanoparticles}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2018.2.55}, url = {http://fulltxt.org/article/485}, author = {Prakash Pandurangan and Madhumitha Sahadeven and Swetha Sunkar and Sai Krishna Nerella Mohana Dhana} } @article {459, title = {Antibrucellosis Activity of Medicinal Plants from Western Ghats and Characterization of Bioactive Metabolites}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, month = {November 2017}, pages = {s122-s128}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {s122}, abstract = {

Background: Brucellosis is one of the most prevalent bacterial zoonosis which is transmitted to humans from animals. As an alternative to conventional antibiotics, medicinal plants are valuable resources for new agents against antibiotic-resistant strains. Objective: To evaluate the antibrucellosis activity of different medicinal plants collected from the Western Ghats against Brucella abortus, Brucella melitensis, Brucella suis. Identification and characterization of the bioactive metabolites of the potent antibrucellosis agent by Thin Layer Chromatography and Gas chromatography mass spectroscopy. Methods: Antibacterial assay was carried for the ethanolic extract of different medicinal plants, the potential and effective medicinal plants extract was subjected for purification by TLC and the bioactive metabolites were characterized by the GC MS analysis. Results: Acacia nelotica, Terminalia arjuna, Eugenia jambolana and Callistemon citrinus showed the antibrucellosis activity comparatively Callistemon citrinus had the strong antibrucellosis activity. Further the crude sample was purified by TLC profiling, compounds with different retention factor were screened for antibrucellosis activity, and the bioactive metabolites were identified by GC-MS analysis. Conclusion: For the first time the different medicinal plants from Western Ghats were screened for the antibrucellosis activity. The crude and TLC purified Callistemon citrinus ethanolic extract exhibited strong antibrucellosis activity. The bioactive compounds identified were reported for the first time and the bioactive metabolites identified exhibited as potential antibacterial agents against brucellosis and other Human pathogens.

}, keywords = {Antibrucellosis, Bioactive compounds, GC-MS, Medicinal plant, TLC}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2017.6s.168}, url = {http://fulltxt.org/article/393}, author = {Sri Raghava and Sharanaiah Umesha} } @article {229, title = {GC-MS Analysis of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Whole Plant of Rostellularia diffusa}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, month = {December 2016}, pages = {70-72}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {70}, abstract = {

Introduction: To identify the various phyto constituents present in the unexplored plant Rostellularia diffusa (Willd.) by using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Methods: The whole plant of Rostellularia diffusa was extracted with ethyl acetate at room temperature for 72 h. The concentrated extract was subjected to GCMS analysis to detect the phyto constituents. Results: Totally 40 compounds were identified and the chromatograph showed 40 peaks with 40 individual compounds. The major constituents were identified in the extract were 16-Hentriacontanone (22.59\%), Hexadecanoic acid (11.23\%), Stigmast-5-en-3-ol (6.78\%), 9-Octadecenoic acid (6.30\%) and many other compounds were identified as low level. This preliminary study gives an idea to isolate the major active constituents present in the plant and also helps to develop potential pharmacologically active compounds

}, keywords = {Bioactive compounds, Gas chromatography, Mass spectrometry, phytosterol., Rostellularia diffusa}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2017.1.13}, author = {Mohamed Saleem Thattakudian Sheik Uduman and Prema Rathinam and Yogendrachari Karuru and Gangadhar Obili and Gopinath Chakka and Ashok Kumar Janakiraman} } @article {448, title = {Standardization of Agrotechniques and Biochemical Assessment of Crataegus oxyacantha in Western Himalaya}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, month = {November 2017}, pages = {s69-s76}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {s69}, abstract = {

C. oxyacantha is a high valued medicinal plant of Rosacea family. It is used to cure cardiac disorder in ayurvedic medicines. A field experiment was laid out in 2004 in CSIR-IHBT farm, by using different quantity of FYM and various spacing. Low growth in plant height was observed in first five years with higher dose of FYM, but in 2015 the significant height growth was recorded. From 2008 to 2015 all types of FYM applications produced statistically significant yield of seed production except in 2012 and 2014. The 22.50t/ha was the most statistically significant dose of FYM in relation to seed yield. The spacing did not produce any significant results for seed production. A vegetative propagation trial of C. oxyacantha was also laid out using semi hard stem cuttings and some selected hormones (IAA, IBA, GA3 and Abscisic acid) with different concentrations. Statistically significant shoot sprouting (78.35\%) was recorded when IBA of 1000 mg/L was used followed by 67.74\% in case of 1500 mg/L of the same hormone. While lowest shoot sprouting (27.85\%) was observed using 2000 mg/L of Abscisic acid. A statistically significant 5.67 cm and 5.33 cm shoot lengths were observed using 2000 mg/L of IAA and 1000 mg/L of IBA, respectively. In the case of shoot tillers 3.33 was recorded in 1500 mg/l. of IAA. Two new compounds and 9 known compounds were isolated from fruit extract.

}, keywords = {Bioactive compounds, Crataegus oxyacantha, FYM, Hormones, Spacing}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2017.6s.160}, url = {http://fulltxt.org/article/385}, author = {Gopichand and RL Meena and P Kaur and RD Singh} }