@article {681, title = {Antioxidant and Antidiabetes Capacity of Hexane, Ethylacetate and Ethanol Extracts of Durio zibethinus Murr. Root}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {August 2018}, pages = {937-940}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {937}, abstract = {

Introduction: Active natural products from medicinal plants are good sources for the antioxidant and antidiabetic agent. Natural antioxidants protect human health against oxidative stress and free radicals which cause degenerative disease such as diabetes. Objectives: This study was conduct to try one approach to treat diabetes that is to reduce gastrointestinal glucose absorption through the inhibition of the \α-glucosidase enzyme. Methods: We make three different root extracts from Durio zibethinus Murr. The extracts were examined for their DPPH radical scavenging activity, antioxidant activity using \β-carotene-linoleic acid assay, and their \α-glucosidase inhibitory activity by a standard method. Additionally, we have also determined their total polyphenols and total flavonoids quantitatively using spectrophotometer UV-Vis. Results: The root extracts Durio zibethinus Murr. were effectively scavenged DPPH radicals in varied rate. The hexane (EHD), ethyl acetate (EEAD), and ethanol (EED) extracts revealed DPPH radical scavenging activity with IC50 of 541.28, 83.95 and 11.24 \μg/ml respectively and their \β-carotene-linoleic acid assay showed activity with IC50 of 273.58, 139.53, and 166.83 \μg/ml, respectively. In vitro assay of the \α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the EHD, EEAD, and EED extracts showed an IC50 of 119.84, 23.69, and 3.35 \μg/ml, respectively. Conclution: In this present study, we found that ethanol extract revealed the most active antioxidant activity and the highest inhibitory activity against \α-glucosidase enzyme. The total phenolics and total flavonoids contents of the extracts were studied, where the ethanol extracts were found to have the highest than that of other extracts. This study proofs the medicinal potencies of Durio zibethinus Murr. root extracts.

}, keywords = {Antioxidant, Durio Zibethinus Murr., Extracts, roots, α-glucosidase inhibitor}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2018.5.158}, author = {Yayu Mulsiani Evary and Amir Muhammad Nur} } @article {439, title = {Phytochemical, Free Radical Scavenging Activity and Thin Layer Chromatography Analysis of Methanolic Extracts of Six Wild Mushroom Species Collected From the Shai Hills Reserve of Ghana}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, month = {November 2017}, pages = {s16-s22}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {s16}, abstract = {

Objective: Six different mushroom species (Termitomyces, Ganoderma, Amauroderma, Mycena, Marasmus and an unknown) were studied to ascertain their phytochemical and antioxidant properties and determine their TLC analysis of methanolic extracts. Materials and Methods:\ The DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) model was employed to determine free radical scavenging activity of the methanolic extracts of the mushrooms, aluminum chloride calorimetric method for flavonoid, Thin layer chromatography (TLC) for retention factor and atomic absorption spectrophotometric (AAS) for macro and micronutrients. Results:\ Phytochemical analyses of the methanolic extract revealed the presence of antioxidants, phenols and flavonoids. The antioxidant values (IC50 (g/ml)) ranged from 1.56 x 10-4 to 21.07 x10-4.Total phenol content ranged between 2.54 and 17.53 mg/g GAE with a mean of about 11.27 mg/g GAE. Total flavonoid content also ranged from 5.46 to 23.75 mg/g RUE with a mean of 13.41 mg/g RUE. Micronutrients such as cadmium, iron, lead, manganese and zinc were determined. Also macronutrients determined included, calcium, potassium, magnesium and sodium. Sodium ranged the highest with values ranging 6966.67 mg/L to 9600.00 mg/L followed by iron ranging from 1613.67 to 3040.00 mg/L. Percentage crude protein ranged between 11.09 \% and 28.24 \%. Alkaloid was present in only Mycena sp and Ganoderma sp with a band each of Rf value of 0.49. A total of 18 different bands were recorded for flavonoid with Rf values that ranged between 0.20 and 0.97, respectively. Conclusion:\ The antioxidant potential of the methanolic extracts of the mushroom samples in this study recorded higher values. This indicates that mushrooms have high antioxidant properties and rationalizes further investigation in the potential discovery of new natural bioactive principles from these mushrooms.

}, keywords = {Antioxidant, Extracts, Flavonoids, Mushrooms, Phytochemical}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2017.6s.152}, url = {http://fulltxt.org/article/376}, author = {Ebenezer Owusu and Gladys Schwinger and Matilda Dzomeku and Mary Obodai and Isaac Asante} } @article {217, title = {A Review of Pharmacognostical Studies on Moringa oleifera Lam. flowers}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, month = {December 2016}, pages = {1-7}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {1}, abstract = {

Moringa oleifera Lam. of the family Moringaceae, popularly called \‘miracle tree\’ is a native of sub Himalayan tracts of Northern India and is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions. Research on Moringa mainly pivoted around its leaves and seeds because of their immense nutraceutical potential but recently there is a greater interest in flowers too, mostly inspired by the positive outcomes of several pharmacognostical studies on flowers. Moringa flower is a rich reservoir of bioactive phytochemicals and crude flower extracts showed promising antibacterial, antifungal, anti larval, antioxidant, anti inflammatory and anticancer properties. This review concisely presents the various phytochemicals identified and isolated as well as the various bioassays employed to validate the therapeutic potential of flower. It is prepared after a detailed search on Google scholar. Reports on Moringa oleifera flower were sorted and tabulated based on the bioassays performed and solvents used for extraction. A grading pattern is adopted for comparing efficiency of different extracts in eliciting bioactivities. Many of these studies are at the preliminary stage but two of them present advanced mechanisms. First is the presence of a proteinaceous larvicidal compound \‘MoFTI\’ in the flower capable of inhibiting larval trypsin of Aedes aegypti. The second describes flower extract\’s anti inflammatory mechanism effecting via NF-KB pathway and consequent suppression of inflammatory mediators\’ activation, but short of identifying lead compound/compounds behind this effect. Thus authors suggest further studies to elucidate the detailed mechanisms, identify and isolate the active compound or compounds of synergism behind the many therapeutic potential of the Moringa flower extracts.

}, keywords = {Bioactivity, Bioassay, Extracts, Flower, GCMS, Moringa, Phytochemicals, Therapeutic}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2017.1.1}, url = {/files/PJ-9-3/10.5530pj.2017.1.1}, author = {Tom Mathew Kalappurayil and Benny Pulinilkkumthadathil Joseph} }