@article {1787, title = {A Review of an Important Plants: Annona squamosa Leaf}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {April 2022}, pages = {456-463}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {456}, abstract = {

Plants have been utilized extensively in traditional medicine by a range of nations since ancient times, and more research into their safety, efficacy, and quality value is needed. One of the plants that have been widely used by society in traditional medicine is Annona squamosa L. A. squamosa is commonly cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions. Based on previous research, all parts of A. squamosa including bark, leaf, and roots have proven biological activities such as antioxidant, antifungal, and anticancer, especially on the leaves. Indian people have long history used young leaves of A. squamosa for antidiabetic, besides in South China, they use seeds to decrease the cancer effect in the human body. The pharmacological activities of A. squamosa leaves are antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiulcer, antidiabetic, antidiarrheals, antiplatelet, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and cytoprotective. Phytochemicals in A. squamosa leaves include coumarins, tannins, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, carbohydrates, and saponins. Meanwhile based on nutritional analysis shows that the A. squamosa leaves are water, protein, lipids, Fiber Ash and Calcium.

}, keywords = {Annona squamosa, Medicine, Pharmacology, Phytochemistry, Traditional medicinal plant}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.58}, author = {Arifia Safira and Prasita Widayani and Dhiya An-Najaaty and Cinta Atsa Mahesa Rani and Mela Septiani and Yan Arengga Syah Putra and Tridiganita Intan Solikhah and Aswin Rafif Khairullah and Hartanto Mulyo Raharjo} } @article {1720, title = {Antioxidant Activity and Phytochemical Identification of Annona Squamosa Leaves Methanolic Extracts}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {December 2021}, pages = {1746-1750}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {1746}, abstract = {

The antioxidant activity of Annona squamosa (A. squamosa) leaf was carried out using methanol extract and fractionated extract namely n-hexane, ethyl acetate and residue. The antioxidant activity of methanol extract and fractionated was performed using the 1-diphenyl-2-Pycrilhydrazil (DPPH) method. The antioxidant activity test of methanol extract and fractionated n-hexane, ethyl acetate and residue yielded IC50 of 6.87, 169.99, 31.55 and 44.75 ppm. The ethyl acetate fraction extract with IC50 31.55 ppm was performed by column chromatography using silica gel G60 as the stationary phase and n-hexane: ethyl acetate as the mobile phase. The results of column chromatography obtained 181 fractions and were combined based on the stain pattern into 4 subfractions. Antioxidant test of each subfraction showed that the ASE 3 subfraction had the strongest antioxidant activity. Furthermore, the subfraction was analyzed using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). According, GC-MS data analysis showed that the third subfraction contained 19 phytochemical compounds, where 3 compounds having the highest concentration, namely 4,4{\textquoteright}-((p-Phenylene)diisopropylidene) diphenol, dodecanoic acid, methyl ester and phthalic acid, isobutyl 2-methylpent-3-yl ester.

}, keywords = {Annona squamosa, antioxidant activity, GC-MS., Plant extract}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.225}, author = {Mustanir and Nurdin and Binawati Ginting} } @article {1382, title = {Novel Antiviral Investigation of Annona squamosa Leaf Extract against the Dengue Virus Type-2: In vitro Study}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {March 2021}, pages = {456-462}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {456}, abstract = {

Introduction: Dengue virus (DENV) infection is general mosquito-transmitted viral taint. It can lead to the dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) or dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Dengue is a solemn illness with no endowed antiviral medication or recognized vaccine. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the activity of Annona squamosa leaf extract (ASLE) against dengue virus type-2 (DENV-2) isolated from Surabaya, Indonesia in 2013 (NCBI accession number: KT012509). Methods: In this study, the antiviral activity of ASLE was evaluated against DENV- 2 in Vero cells using Viral ToxGlo{\texttrademark} Assay. In addition, we used CellTiter-Glo{\textregistered} Luminescent Cell Viability Assay to set the amount of viable cells in culture based on quantitation of the ATP. Results: DENV-2 replication inhibited by ASLE in Vero cells with IC50 = 73.78 μg/mL and SI = 4.49 when cells were treated two days after virus infection, whereas its CC50 for cytotoxicity to Vero cells was 331.54 μg/mL. Interestingly, this is the first report on the investigation of ASLE against DENV-2. Conclusion: In summary, ASLE demonstrated the antiviral activity against DENV-2 with less toxicity, and high possibility as a drug candidate. Therefore, it might be suggested for in vivo assessment in the progress of a potent antiviral against DENV-2.

}, keywords = {Annona squamosa, Antiviral activity, DENV-2, Vero cells}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.58}, author = {Arif Nur Muhammad Ansori and Amaq Fadholly and Annise Proboningrat and Yulanda Antonius and Suhailah Hayaza and Raden Joko Kuncoroningrat Susilo and Bilqis Inayatillah and Mada Triandala Sibero and Sin War Naw and Gabrielle Ann Villar Posa and Teguh Hari Sucipto and Soegen Soegijanto} } @article {204, title = {Evaluation of Antimicrobial Potential of Some Indian Ayurvedic Medicinal Plants}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {September 2016}, pages = {525-533}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {525}, abstract = {

Introduction: Stereospermum suaveolens Roxb., Viscum articulatum Burm., Annona squamosa, Capsicum annuum cayenne, Ananas comosus Merrill. are used for the management of microbial infection in Ayurveda. The present study was designed to standardize the extract of S. suaveolens bark (SSB), V. articulatum aerial part (VAAP), A. squamosa leaf (ASL), C. annuum fruit (CACF), A. comosus fruit (ACF) and performed antibacterial activity. Methods: The antibacterial activity of the five extracts were evaluated against certain bacteria such as B. subtilis, B. cereus, S. aureus (gram positive); E. coli, S. typhi, and P. aureugenosa (gram negative) by disc diffusion method, time course assay, pH sensitivity assay and minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs) through broth micro-dilution method. Results: The plants extracts VAAP, ASL, and CACF showed potent inhibitory activity against S. aureus with MIC 728, 742, and 698 g ml-1, respectively, while CACF showed inhibitory activity against B. subtilis with MIC 690 g ml-1. The results further demonstrated that the inhibitory activity of CACF against E. coli with MIC 760 g ml-1. P. aeruginosa was inhibited by ASL and CACF with MIC 1100 and 1120 g ml-1, respectively. The ASL showed notable MBC against the tested microorganism. Moreover, all extracts were completely inactivated bacterial strains (except B. cereus, S. typhi) within 2-10 h of exposure, determined by time course assay. Conclusion: The outcomes of our study elucidate that standardized extracts of A. comosus, A. squamosa, C. annuum, S. suaveolens, and V. articulatum may be used as natural antimicrobial agents.

}, keywords = {Ananas comosus Merrill, Annona squamosa, Antibacterial, Capsicum annuum cayenne, Stereospermum suaveolens Roxb, Viscum articulatum Burm.}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2016.6.3}, author = {Mrinmoy Nag and Pulok k Mukherjee and Rajarshi Biswas and Joydeb Chanda and Amit Kar} }