@article {972, title = {Antidepressant-Like Effects of Dracocephalum moldavica L. in Mouse Models of Immobility Tests}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {September 2019}, pages = {976-983}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {976}, abstract = {

The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the antidepressant activity of the ethanolic extracts of {\textquotedblleft}toronjil azul{\textquotedblright}(Dracocephalum moldavica L.). Methodology: The forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) were performed on CD-1 mice to evaluate the antidepressant activity of the ethanolic extracts. The ethanolic extracts were administered orally at an 80 and 100 mg/kg. The animals were dosed 1, 6 and 24 h before initiating the FST assay and 40 minutes before for the TST assay. Imipramine and fluoxetine were dosed at 15 mg/kg, while the flavonoid quercetin was given an a lower concentration of 10 mg/kg as a positive controls. Results: The extracts of Dracocephalum moldavica L. and significantly decreased the immobility time in the FST and TST assays when compared with the negative control and reported similar values than those obtained with the positive controls. Conclusion: The results obtained indicate that extract of Dracocephalum moldavica L. have antidepressant effect similar to those obtained by.

}, keywords = {Depression, Dracochepalum moldavica L., Forced swim test, Tail suspension test}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.11.154}, author = {Marcos Ignacio Jimenez Zuniga and Alejandro Jonathan Hurtado Mariles and Jose Luis Castrejon Flores and Jose Antonio Mondragon Herrera and Maria Guadalupe Ramirez Sotelo and Genaro Ivan Ceron Montes and Yolanda de las Mercedes Gomez y Gomez} } @article {753, title = {Antidepressant and Antipsychotic-like Activity of the Ethanolic Extract of the Leaves of Maytenus macrocarpa}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {November 2018}, pages = {s33-s37}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {s33}, abstract = {

Introduction: Maytenus macrocarpa (Chuchuhuasi) is an Amazonian Peruvian traditional plant, traditionally used as anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antihemorrhagic and antidiarrheic agent. Also, chuchuhuasi is known as a master plant, attributing to it properties in the central nervous system. In addition, depression is a disorder of the mood that cause disability to millions of people around the world. For this reason, the aim of this study was to determinate the antidepressant and antipsychotic-like activity of the ethanolic extract of Maytenus macrocarpa. Methods: It was used the ethanolic extract of the leaves of Maytenus macrocarpa (EELMM) in female mice at the experimental model of the Forced Swim Test described by Porsolt. As control, it was used distillate water, fluoxetine and haloperidol. Results: The immobility time of the groups of EELMM has a mean of 38.26 \± 21.57, 84.32 \± 26.68 and 32.17 \± 25.55 for the doses of 750, 1000 and 1250 mg/Kg respectively; and the immobility time had a median of 7.5 [4.07 \– 20.3] and 20.93 \± [17.63 \– 23.75] for the doses of 500 mg/Kg and 1500 mg/Kg. It was seen a positive dose-response between the dose of 500 to 1000 mg/Kg (Pearson correlation of r=0.8339 and R=0.6954) and a negative dose-response between the dose of 1000 to 1500 mg/Kg. (Pearson correlation of r= -0.7590 and R= 0.5760). Conclusion: It was demonstrated the antidepressant-like activity of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of Maytenus macrocarpa with a dose of 500 mg/kg and an antipsychotic-like activity with a dose of 1000 mg/kg.

}, keywords = {Chuchuhuasi, Depression, Fluoxetine, Forced swim test, Haloperidol}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2018.6s.6}, author = {T{\'a}cuna-Calder{\'o}n Ana Lucia and Huaccho-Rojas Juan Jesus and Zimic-Zare Carolina and Pante-Medina Carlos and Salazar-Granara Alberto} } @article {221, title = {Screening of Antidepressant Activity of Punica granatum in Mice}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, month = {December 2016}, pages = {27-29}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {27}, abstract = {

Introduction: India is a rich source of medicinal plants used therapeutically to treat various disorders including depression. This study was undertaken to evaluate the antidepressant effect of acute and chronic administration of Punica granatum (pomegranate) whole fruit in mice. Methods: We used the aqueous extract of Punica granatum (250 and 500 mg/kg per day), standard drug used was Imipramine (10 mg/kg) and vehicle was gum acacia (10 ml/kg), orally. Four groups of animals were used and each group had six animals. In the acute study drugs/vehicles were administered 60 min prior to the experiments. In the chronic study drugs/vehicles were administered for 14 days and the last dose was given on the 14th day, 60 minutes prior to experiment. Forced Swim Test and Tail Suspension Test were used for testing antidepressant activity. Data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA with drug treatment as the independent factor. Post-hoc comparisons were performed using Dunnett\’s test. Results: In acute and chronic forced swim test as well as acute tail suspension test, duration of immobility was significantly reduced in the PG 500 mg/kg, but not in the 250 mg/kg treated group. In chronic tail suspension test, duration of immobility was significantly decreased in PG 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg treated groups. The antidepressant activity of 500 mg/kg was comparable to that of Imipramine 10 mg/kg. Conclusion: The present study suggests that aqueous extract of whole fruit of P. granatum has antidepressant activity at 500 mg/kg. It would be advisable to encourage consumption of pomegranate extract in patients with depression because of its nutritional and functional properties.

}, keywords = {Depression, Forced swim test, Pomegranate., Tail suspension test}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2017.1.5}, author = {Rajeshwari Shastry and Aadhya Sharma and Vinay Sayeli and Ullal Sheetal Dinkar} } @article {195, title = {Evaluation of Costus speciosus in Experimental Models of Depression in Albino Mice}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {Oct 2016}, pages = {483-486}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {483}, abstract = {

Introduction: Despite theavailability of numerous antidepressant drugs the therapy of depression is far from satisfactory. Two of the many reasons for this are the delay in onset of effect and the adverse effects associated with most of the antidepressants. Costus speciosus rhizome has shown adaptogenic activity. Objective: To evaluate the antidepressant activity of50\% aqueous-ethanol extract of Costus speciosus (CS) leaves in experimental models of depression. Materials and Methods: Male albino mice were randomly assigned to five groups of six each. We studied three doses of the leaf extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) on two models of depression \– forced swim test and tail suspension test. Imipramine was used as the standard control. Both acute and chronic effects were studied. Drugs (test drug, standard control and vehicle) were administeredorally, one hour before the experiment in the acute study and daily for 14 days for the chronic study. Results: Imipramine showed significant antidepressant activity as demonstrated by a reduction in duration of immobility in both acute and chronic studies of forced swim test and tail suspension test. CS showed a dose dependent antidepressant activity. CS_100 demonstrated an antidepressant effect only in the acute forced swim test. CS_200 demonstrated an antidepressant activity in both acute and chronic forced swim test but not in tail suspension test. CS_400 showed maximum antidepressant activity in both acute and chronic studies, which was comparable to that of the standard drug imipramine. Conclusion: CS showed dose dependent antidepressant activity with CS_400 mg/kg showing maximum effect.

}, keywords = {Antidepressant, Costus speciosus, Forced swim test, Tail suspension, Test.}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2016.5.12}, author = {Zahoor Ahmad Rather and Nateshprabhu M and Sushma DS and Rakesh Kb and Sunil Pai and Ullal sheetal D} } @article {1498, title = {Screening for Antidepressant-Like Effect of Methanolic Seed Extract of Avena Sativa using Animal Models}, journal = {Pharmacognosy journal}, volume = {6}, year = {2014}, month = {8th April 2014}, pages = {86-92}, type = {Original Article}, abstract = {

Depression affects about up to 20\% of the population across the globe.The present study was designed to screen antidepressant activity of methanolicseed extract of Avena sativa (MSEAS). An in vivo experimental methods were designed such as behavioral models like Forced swim test (FST), Tail suspension test (TST) and based on mechanism of action i.e., Antagonism of Apomorphine induced hypothermia on Swiss male albino mice. MSE AS 100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o were administered daily for 7 days. Fluoxetine 25mg/kg p.o was standard antidepressant drug in behavioral models and Desipramine 20mg/kg p.o in Apomorphine induced hypothermia.The methanolicextract produces a significant antidepressant effect in both FST and TST as they reduce the immobility. It was also found, effective in antagonizing or reversing hypothermia produced by apomorphine. The Anti-depressant activity of methanolic seed extract of Avena sativa was found to be significant at low doses (100mg/kg, po). The present study clearly demonstrated that Avena sativa exerts an antidepressant effect in these two behavioral models. The flavonoid components of MSEAS might be interacting with adrenergic system in mediating the anti depressant effect of Avena sativa.

Key words: Avena sativa, forced swim test, tail suspension test, Apomorphine induced hypothermia.

}, keywords = {Apomorphine induced hypothermia, Avena sativa, Forced swim test, Tail suspension test}, author = {Usha Rani K, and Maddi Ramaiah, and K Nagaphani, and V Preethi, and M Srinadh} }