@article {2587, title = {Pharmacognostic Analysis of Fennel, Caraway and Coriander Seeds belong to Apiaceae family}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {18}, year = {2026}, month = {April 2026}, pages = {24-30}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {24}, abstract = {

Introduction: Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), caraway (Carum carvi), and coriander (Coriandrum sativum) belong to the same botanical family, Apiaceae, but they have different macroscopic and microscopic features that distinguish them. Aim: The purpose of this work is to minutely study and analyze the characteristics of fennel, caraway, and coriander seeds, along with their microscopic \& powder character. Material and Methods: Seeds of fennel, caraway, and coriander were collected from the Wardha region market, authenticated by a botanist, and were analyzed macroscopically for size, shape, color, odor, and taste. The microscopic analysis was done with the cross-sections of seeds stained with suitable reagents. Powdered microscopy included powder of each drug with glycerine to see the structures. Results: Microscopic and powdered microscopic examination revealed distinct anatomical features such as oil cells, parenchyma cells, and vascular bundles, etc., that were characteristic to each seed. Conclusion: This study had an in-depth comparative analysis of the macroscopic, microscopic, and powdered microscopic characteristics of fennel, caraway, and coriander seeds.

}, keywords = {Apiaceae, Aromatic, Macroscopic, Microscopic, Powdered Microscopic}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2026.18.113}, author = {Shivani Darje and Sneha Vidhate} } @article {2519, title = {Traditional claims to Scientific Evidence: A Analysis of Trachyspermum ammi}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {August 2025}, pages = {425-433}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {425}, abstract = {

Background: Trachyspermum ammi (Ajwain) is a medicinally significant plant belonging to the Apiaceae family, widely cultivated in various regions, including India, Iran, and Egypt. Objectives: This study provides a detailed Pharmacognostic evaluation of ajwain through macroscopic, microscopic, powder microscopy, histochemical, and preliminary phytochemical analyses, along with standardization parameters for crude drug validation. Materials and methods: Ajwain fruits were collected and authenticated by a certified botanist. Macroscopic and microscopic analyses were conducted using digital and compound microscopes. Powder microscopy, histochemical staining, preliminary phytochemical screening, and physicochemical standardization, such as ash values, extractive values, and moisture content, were performed. Result: Macroscopic observations confirmed the fruit{\textquoteright}s distinctive morphological features, while microscopic studies detailed the anatomical structure, including the presence of vittae, epicarp with papillae, and oil globules. Powder microscopy further verified characteristic elements such as anomocytic stomata, fibers, annular vessels, and phenolic compounds. Histochemical tests revealed the presence of bioactive compounds like alkaloids, flavonoids, lignin, and mucilage, which contribute to its therapeutic properties. These findings substantiate the traditional medicinal applications of ajwain, particularly in gastrointestinal and respiratory treatments. Conclusion: The study provides essential diagnostic markers for quality control and standardization in herbal medicine, laying a foundation for future pharmacological investigations.

}, keywords = {Ajwain, Apiaceae, Histochemical studies, Pharmacognostical study, standardization}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2025.17.53}, author = {Monika S and Sridevi N and Ranjitha S and Harini V and Oviya R and Tharun Adhithya M B and Thirumal M and Vignesh S} }