@article {1827, title = {Description of Acute Toxicity of Ketepeng Root Extract (Senna alata (L.) Roxb.)}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {August 2022}, pages = {393-401}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {393}, abstract = {

Introduction: People in Indonesia, especially in the West Kalimantan region often use the root of ketepeng as a medicine to treat jaundice, but they lack knowledge regarding the appropriate dosage. Therefore, this study aims to determine the acute toxicity of ketepeng root extract. Methods: The sample population consists of 8 male mice, which were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups, namely P1, P2, P3, and P4 with dosages of 0.56 mg, 5.6 mg, 56 mg, and 560 mg/20 g body weight, respectively. The extract was administered once, after which the samples were observed for 24 hours to record the number of deaths. Follow-up observations were then carried out for 3 days on the mice that survived the test. Results: The results showed that within 24 hours of administration, the samples in P1 were alive, while all animals in the other groups died. Furthermore, the follow-up observations on animals that survived showed that they were in good condition with no toxic symptoms, such as balance disorders, refusal to eat, and lack of physical activity. Conclusion: Based on the results, the administration of 0.56 mg/20 g body weight of the extract was relatively safe, while higher doses can cause death. However, further testing must be carried out to complete the toxicity information as well as to determine the exact dosage range to avoid mortality during the treatment.

}, keywords = {Acute toxicity, Fabaceae, Roots of Senna alata (L.) Roxb}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.113}, author = {Ruqiah Ganda Putri Panjaitan and Titin and Yohanes Gatot Sutapa Yuliana} } @article {338, title = {Antimicrobial, Analgesic and Anti - Inflammatory Activity Reported on Tamarindus indica Linn Root Extract}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, month = {April 2017 }, pages = {410-416}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {410}, abstract = {

Objective: Tamarindus indica (Family- Fabaceae) show various folkloric uses in treatment of various ailments such as rheumatisum, dysentery, jaundice etc. Aim: The research was conducted to investigate its phytoconstituients and various activity such as antimicrobial, analgesic \& anti-inflammatary of AETIRE. Method: The antimicrobial activity was performed on 4 bacterial stains containing (B.subtilis, S.aureus, P. aeruginosa \& E.coli) on AETIRE using Disc diffusion method. The Analgesic activity was tested by thermal and chemical induced pain through Hot plate and AAIWT. And carrageenan induced rat paw oedema model is used to evaluate antiinflammatory activity. Result: Phytoconstituients such as tannins, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids and carbohydrates present in both the extract. The maximum zone of inhibition of about 21mm \& 22mm was shown on B.subtilis strain by both the extract when compared with standard drug (Tetracycline \& Gentamycin). In AAIWT and hot plate test the AETIRE of concentration (100, 200 mg/kg) produce significant dose-dependent inhibition of pain response with maximum 54.33\% protection against acetic acid induced pain and about 74.83\% inhibition against thermally induced pain by the aqueous extract 200mg. \& the anti- inflammatory activity shown by AETIRE (100 \& 200mg/kg) caused significant dose dependent inhibition of oedema with maximum 45.94\% inhibition in the Carrageenan induced rat paw oedema by the AE. Conclusion: Therefore the AE of Tamarindus indica root was more effective in showing analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity when compared to the standard drug in each model while ethanol extract show effective antimicrobial activity.

}, keywords = {Analgesic, Anti- inflammatory activity, Antimicrobial, Fabaceae, Tamarindus indica}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2017.3.70}, url = {/files/PJ-9-3/10.5530pj.2017.3.70}, author = {Sangeeta Gupta and Amit Singh} } @article {208, title = {Leaf and Stem Anatomy and Histochemistry of Dalbergia ecastaphyllum}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {September 2016}, pages = {557-564}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {557}, abstract = {

Dalbergia ecastaphyllum (L.) Taub. is a shrubby of Tropical America and Africa. It is recognized as the main botanical source of red-propolis, and also by its uses in folk medicine. This work was performed by light and scanning electron microscopy in order to carry out an anatomical and histochemical study of leaves and stems of this species,to find distinctive characters to support the quality control of its ethnodrugs and derivatives. The leaf epidermis is hypostomatic with straight to curved anticlinal cell walls, papillose on the abaxial surface, with thickened cuticle and coated with epiculticular waxes as rosette. The mesophyll is dorsiventral, with palisade 2-3-layered and the spongy 4-6-layered. The petiole and midrib have vascular system collateral. The stem is cylindrical, with an uniseriate epidermis coated with thickened cuticle and angular collenchyma. The vascular system is a continuous ectofloic siphonostele. Resin idioblasts are concentrated in the inner area of the vascular tissue of the midrib, petiole and stem. The leaf and stem anatomy and histochemistry of D. ecastaphyllum provided distinctive characters for this species that can be used as an additional support for its taxonomy and for the quality control of their ethnodrugs.

}, keywords = {Ethnobotany, Fabaceae, Genus Dalbergia, Leguminosae, Red propolis}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2016.6.7}, author = {Michelline V. Marques Das Neves and Nathalia Diniz Ara{\'u}jo and Eduardo De Jesus Oliveira and Maria De F{\'a}tima Agra} } @article {154, title = {Pharmacognostic Evaluation of Melilotus officinalis Linn.}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {February 2016}, pages = {239-242}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {239}, abstract = {

Background: Melilotus officinalis Linn. (Fabaceae) historically has been used for a variety of medicinal purposes. Despite the popular medicinal utilization, still no conclusive study has been reported so far regarding the pharmacognostical standardization. Aim: Thus, the present study was focused to scientifically establish a standard monograph of M. officinalis on the basis of pharmacognostical parameters. Material and methods: The detailed macroscopic and qualitative as well as quantitative microscopic characters of M. officinalis were analyzed. Results: The morphological characters of M. officinalis were established. The transverse section of leaf shows lamina with single layered epidermis, anomocytic stomata, mesophyll, midrib with single layered epidermis and vascular strands were present in lamina. Stem contains single layered epidermis, cortex with\ several layers, phloem, xylem and starch grains. Root shows the presence\ of cork, phloem, xylem and starch grains. The powder characteristics of\ M. officinalis revels the presence of Epidermis, stomata, cork, parenchyma,\ mesophyll, fibers, spiral and pitted xylem vessels. The quantitative\ microscopy of leaf of M. officinalis reveals Stomatal number Upper surface\ (28.75 \± 2.5), Lower surface (38.37 \± 2.5); Stomatal index Upper surface\ (13.10 \± 1.50) Lower surface (12.58 \± 1.10); Vein islet number (96.25 \±\ 4.79), Vein termination number (27.50 \± 2.87) and Palisade ratio 6.5 \± 0.58.\ Conclusion: The obtained qualitative and quantitative standards would\ serve as a useful guide for correct identification, purity, standardization and\ preparation of monograph of M. officinalis.

}, keywords = {Aspurk., Fabaceae, Melilot, Melilotus officinalis Linn, Yellow Sweet clover}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2016.3.11}, author = {N. A. Sheikh and T. R. Desai and R. D. Patel} }