@article {1132, title = {In vitro Anti-Amebic Activity of Cage Xanthones from Cratoxylum sumatranum Stem Bark Against Entamoeba histolytica}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {May 2020}, pages = {452-458}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {452}, abstract = {

Background: Amoebiasis is caused by Entamoeba histolytica, which is a pathogenic species living on human colon tissues. The development of new drugs for anti-amebic are still very needed for clinical treatment. Objective: This aims to identify the compounds in Cratoxylum sumatranum for their anti-amoeba activity. Materials and Methods: In this study we used bioactivity-guided isolation and structural analysis to identified anti-amebic compounds from dichloromethane extract of Cratoxylum sumatranum stem bark. Their anti-amebic activity was determined by an in vitro cell-based assay against Entamoeba histolytica and an enzymatic assay on NAD kinase. Results: Two known compounds from the cage xanthone groups, namely cochinchinoxanthone (1) and cochinchinone D (2), were isolated. The structures of the cage xanthone compounds were established by extensive spectroscopic data analysis. Compound (1) showed the greatest level of anti-amebic activity both in cell-based and enzymatic assay, yielding IC50 values of 4.57 and 12.17 μg/mL, respectively. In contrast, compound (2) yielded IC50 values of 5.19 and 12.60 μg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: When considering the demonstrated anti-amebic activities, it becomes apparent that these compounds, isolated from Cratoxylum sumatranum stem bark, have the potential to be further developed into effective anti-amebic medicine against Entamoeba histolytica.

}, keywords = {Amoebiasis, Bioactivity-guided isolation, Cratoxylum sumatranum, Entamoeba histolytica, NAD kinase}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.70}, author = {Fendi Yoga Wardana and Defi Kartika Sari and Myrna Adianti and Adita Ayu Permanasari and Lidya Tumewu and Tomoyoshi Nozaki and Aty Widyawaruyanti and Achmad Fuad Hafid} } @article {145, title = {Antimicrobial Effects of Thymoquinone on Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {8}, year = {2015}, month = {December 2015}, pages = {168-170}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {168}, abstract = {

Background: Parasitic infections are a major difficulty in tropical and subtropical countries. Traditionally medicinal plants have been used in folk medicine to treat parasitic infections and are a valuable source of novel anti-parasitics. Objective: In our search for therapeutic alternatives to anti- protozoal chemotherapy, thymoquinone, the active ingredient of Black cumin (Nigella sativa) was examined. Materials and Methods: Thymoquinone was tested against Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia using in vitro susceptibility assays and the mortality of the parasites were then obtained using the standard calculations. The compound was also tested for 48 and 72 hours on both parasites. Results: The current study indicate that the mortality of TQ showed 85.5\%, 91.5\% and 96.8\% mortality on E. histolytica for 25 ppm at 24 hr, 48 and 72 hr, respectively, with IC50 2\¥10-19,. On the other hand, this natural compound showed a mortality of 82.83\%, 91.76\% and 96.62\% mortality on G. lamblia for 25 ppm at 24 hr, 48 and 72 hr, respectively, with IC50 4.8\¥10-5. Metrondizole powder gave 70.9\% mortality at 156 ppm at the same times. Conclusion: The current results indicate that TQ is more potent on E. histolytica compared to G. lamblia. Further pharmacological studies were needed to help in the clinical presentation of thymoquinone.

}, keywords = {Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia., Nigella sativa, Prophetic Medicine, Thymoquinone}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2016.2.12}, author = {Bassem Yousef Sheikh and Manal Mohamed Elhassan Taha and Waleed Syaed Koko and Siddig Ibrahim Abdelwahab} }