@article {2558, title = {The role of TNF-Alpha, IL-6, Adiponectin, and Leptin in Inflammation and Metabolic Dysregulation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {December 2025}, pages = {699-702}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {699}, abstract = {

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by chronic inflammation and metabolic dysregulation. The present study investigates the role of inflammatory markers, including TNF-alpha and IL-6, and metabolic hormones such as adiponectin and leptin, in individuals with T2DM. Methods: A total of 147 participants diagnosed with T2DM were included in the study. Clinical and biochemical parameters, including fasting blood sugar (FBS), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), adiponectin, leptin, TNF-alpha, and IL-6, were measured. Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were performed to determine associations between inflammatory markers and metabolic dysregulation. Results: The mean age of participants was 42.63 {\textpm} 6.38 years, and the average BMI was 28.38 {\textpm} 2.25 kg/m{\texttwosuperior}. FBS and HbA1C levels were 175.72 {\textpm} 61.61 mg/dL and 7.26 {\textpm} 0.94\%, respectively. The mean adiponectin and leptin levels were 4.71 {\textpm} 1.75 μg/mL and 20.58 {\textpm} 5.19 ng/mL, respectively. TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels averaged 132.00 {\textpm} 9.45 pg/mL and 33.52 {\textpm} 14.55 pg/mL, respectively. Correlation analysis indicated an inverse relationship between adiponectin and BMI, while leptin was positively correlated with BMI and insulin levels. Elevated TNFalpha and IL-6 levels were associated with increased HbA1C and fasting blood glucose. Conclusion: This study highlights the significant role of inflammatory markers in metabolic dysregulation among T2DM patients. Elevated TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels reinforce the link between chronic inflammation and impaired glucose metabolism. These findings underscore the need for anti-inflammatory strategies in diabetes management.

}, keywords = {Adiponectin, IL-6, Inflammation, Leptin, Metabolic Dysregulation, TNF-Alpha, Type 2 diabetes mellitus}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2025.17.87}, author = {Prajna R H and Shivananda Nayak and Priya V and Shruthi Rai P and Shivaraja shankara Y M and Prashanthkumar Goudappala and Dinesh PV and Namratha KG} } @article {1960, title = {Analysis of The Effect of Leptin, AMPK, Adiponectin, and NPY Markers on Changes in Body Weight of Childhood Epileptic Using Valproic Acid Monotherapy}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {March 2023}, pages = {150-153}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {150}, abstract = {

Introduction: Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that occurs due to abnormal neurons in the brain and an imbalance between excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system. The first line of OAE in children is VPA (Valproate Acid). However, long-term use can cause weight gain with a frequency of 10-70\%. The underlying mechanism of weight gain in patients remains unclear. Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between levels of biomarkers AMPK, NPY, Leptin, and Adiponectin on changes in body weight in patients with epileptic seizures using VPA monotherapy. Method: This study is an observational cohort design. Data collection in April-June 2019. Inclusion criteria were children aged 2-10 years who used VPA requirement less than two years, not taking any drugs that affect body weight, not diagnose systemic lupus, nephrotic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus. Bodyweight and all biomarkers measurement on subjects who came to the clinic at the time of study and at least after one month of taking VPA. A total of 17 subjects participated in this study. Result: The results of the statistical multivariate analysis test of VPA dosage on changes in body weight and biomarker levels found that Leptin, AMPK, Adiponectin did not significantly increase in body weight (p\>0.05), but NPY significant increase in body weight (p\<0.05). Conclusion: NPY is the most potent for appetite enhancing, preferential effect on carbohydrate intake, weight regulation, energy storage, and expenditure. Increase production of NPY, there is an increase in energy intake and then increases fat storage and body weight.

}, keywords = {Adiponectin, AMPK, Childhood., Epilepsy, Leptin, NPY, Valproic acid, Weight gain}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.21}, author = {Wardah Rahmatul Islamiyah and Nasronudin and Abdulloh Machin and Iin Ernawati and Yunita Dwi Tanti and Nur Jaya and Farah Medina and Fathia Faza Rahmadanita and Paulus Sugianto} }