@article {2089, title = {RETRACTED: The Effects of Andrographolide on Apoptosis in PC-3 Cell Line Via the Involvement of Caspases 3, 8 And 9}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {August 2023}, pages = {612-621}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {612}, abstract = {

The Article has been Retracted based on the Authors{\textquoteright} Request.

}, keywords = {Andrographolide, Anti-cancer, Apoptosis, Caspase., PC-3 cell line}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.128}, author = {Janany Manimaran and Daruliza Kernain Mohd Azman} } @article {1801, title = {Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) Seed Fractions on HeLa Cell Line an In Vitro}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {June 2022}, pages = {559-564}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {559}, abstract = {

Introduction: Medicinal plants have been investigated for possible anti-cancer effects. One of them is Gnetum gnemon L (melinjo). This study aims determined in vitro antioxidant activity and the cytotoxic effects of polar, semipolar and non polar melinjo seed fractions againts HeLa cell line. Methods: The melinjo seed were extracted with ethanol as a solvent. Then, the fractionation was done using liquidliquid extraction method with three different polarity solvent. Cytotoxic activity was carried out using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric assay in HeLa cell lines at concentrations ranging from 25 to 400 μg/mL. Antioxidant activity was determined by the diphenyl picryl hidrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging method. Results: Phytochemical screening indicated the presence of phyto-constituents like flavonoids, terpenoid and tanin. The DPPH scavenging activity by the melinjo seed aqueous, ethyl acetate and N-hexane fraction was 733,12 {\textpm} 18,95 μg/mL; 68,40 {\textpm} 1,9 μg/mL and 2035,70 {\textpm} 65,59 μg/mL, respectively. The cytotoxic activity of the melinjo seed fractions showed that the ethyl acetate was the most active fraction against HeLa cell line with IC50 value 45,27 μg/mL. Conclusion: In this study, we have observed that the melinjo seed fractions exhibited antioxidant and cytotoxic activity against HeLa cell lines. This is presumably due to the content of phytochemicals and stilbenoids such as resveratrol and gnetin C. Melinjo seeds are more potent as anticancer Compared with other plants that also contain RSV such as grape extract (Vitis vinifera L.) against lung cancer cells (A549). From the three fractions, the ethyl acetate fraction had the highest antioxidant and cytotoxic effect compared to the water and n-hexane fractions. Gnetum gnemon L. can be considered as a potential source of anticancer agents. However, more research is needed to determine the mechanism of action.

}, keywords = {Anti-cancer, Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, HeLa., Melinjo}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.71}, author = {Asep Sukohar and Suharyani and Sutyarso and Hendri Busman and Nuning Nurcahyani and Evi Kurniawaty} } @article {1268, title = {Garlic and its Active Compounds: A Novel Strategy to Fight Diseases Through Modulating Biological Activities}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {September 2020}, pages = {1463-1474}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {1463}, abstract = {

Throughout history, many plants and their products have been widely used as medicines for the prevention and treatment of different diseases in many cultures. Garlic (Allium sativum), is commonly used as a spice and traditionally used for its medicinal value since ancient times. Recent studies support the effects of garlic and its extracts in a wide range of applications. Due to the presence of sulfur containing compounds, high trace mineral content and enzymes, garlic has been reported to have implications in disease management and play a role as anti-diabetic, anti-microbial, anti-obesity, anti-oxidant and anti-tumor, dyslipidaemia effect, neuroprotective, cardio-preventive and photo-protection effects. It contains various active compound such as allicin, ajoene, diallyl disulfide and S-allyl-cysteine that modulates various biological cascades and prevent the pathogenesis. This review illustrates the role of garlic and their active ingredients in the health management based on in vivo and in vitro studies.

}, keywords = {Ajoene, Allicin, Anti-cancer, Anti-inflammatory Effect, Anti-oxidant, Diallyl disulfide, Garlic}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.201}, author = {Faris Alrumaihi} } @article {1217, title = {Ocimum sanctum: Role in Diseases Management Through Modulating Various Biological Activity }, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {August 2020}, pages = {1198-1205 }, type = {Review Article}, chapter = { 1198}, abstract = {

Medicinal plants are used commonly by traditional medical practitioners in their daily practice for the treatment of various diseases. The treatment based on natural products are preferred because they are more economic and have lesser side-effects. In this regards, Ocimum sanctum commonly known as holy basil or tulsi is used in the diseases cure and treatment since ancient time. Ocimum sanctum has been proven health promoting effect through modulation of various biological activates. Ocimum sanctum shows therapeutic role through its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective and wound healing effects. Besides, the constituents of holy basil have been confirmed to have a noteworthy effect in cancer management through inhibition of cancer development and progression. Further, the synergistic effect of Ocimum sanctum component with anti-cancer drugs has been proven as it reduces the growth of cancer. Molecular mechanism and human clinical trials based should be performed to avail its role in diseases cure and management. This review comprehensively summarizes the role of holy basil in disease management through in vivo and in vitro study.

}, keywords = {Anti-cancer, Anti-oxidant effect, Health promoting effect, Ocimum sanctum}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.168 }, author = {Saleh A Almatroodi and Mohammed A Alsahli and Ahmad Almatroudi and Arshad Husain Rahmani} } @article {1208, title = {Pharmacognostic, Phytochemical and in vitro Biological Evaluation of Blepharis repens (Vahl) Roth}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {August 2020}, pages = {952-961}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {952}, abstract = {

Blepharis repens (Vahl) Roth of Acanthaceae family, commonly known as Hadsan in Marathi and Haridachchu in Kannada, is threatened species due to exploitation from natural habitat. Objectives: The objective of present study is to establish scientifically well evaluated pharmacognostic and biological efficacy parameters. Methods: Microscopical parameters of leaf, root and stem are evaluated. Powder microscopy, physicochemical analysis, elemental analysis, fluorescence analysis, preliminary phytochemical screening and estimation of major phytoconstituents of whole herb powder are carried out. In vitro biological evaluation of Blepharisrepens carried out for antioxidant potential by DPPH method, in vitro anticancer activity by SRB assay and antimicrobial efficacy by both agar well diffusion and bioautography methods. Results: Morphologically, roots are cylindrical and elongated, leaf has symmetric base, entire margin, acute apex while stem is cylindrical, elongated. Microscopic evaluation reveals that both leaf and stem are covered with trichomes. Leaf has unicellular uniseriate trichomes while stem has multi-cellular uniseriate covering trichomes. Physicochemical evaluation revealed that total ash, acid insoluble ash and water-soluble ash values 13.85 7.7 and 3.1\% respectively. Petroleum ether, alcohol and water extractive values found 0.84\%, 1.64\%, and 3.52\% respectively. Loss on drying value is found 3.43\%. Element analysis of whole herb confirms presence of nitrogen, sulphate and carbonate. Fluorescence tests are performed by treatment with different acids and alkalis and exposure to ultraviolet light. Phytochemical screening shows presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids and saponins. Estimation of phytochemicals like carbohydrate, alkaloid, tannin and flavonoid found 5.78\%, 1.43\%, 5.7\% and 1.48\% respectively. Biological evaluation reveals that plant has significant antioxidant and antimicrobial activity while plant is devoid of in-vitro anticancer activity against human leukemia cell line HL-60.

}, keywords = {Anti-cancer, Anti-microbial, Anti-oxidant, Bioautography, Blepharisrepens, HL-60}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.135}, author = {Sharada L Deore and Poonam B Bhansali and Bhushan A Baviskar} } @article {102, title = {The Anticancer Potential of Pavonia odorata extract on Human Breast (MD-MB-231), Prostate (PC-3) and Lung (Calu-6) Cancer cell lines}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {09/2015}, pages = {28-30}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {28}, abstract = {

Introduction: A huge reservoir of bioactive compounds exists in many species of plants, only a small percentage of which have been examined and continued to be an important source of anticancer agents. Worldwide effects are ongoing to identify new anticancer compounds from plants. With the current decline in the number of new molecular entities from the pharmaceutical industry, novel anticancer agents are being sought from traditional medicines. Objective: In the present study we investigated the efficacy of methanol extracts of Pavonia odorata, for its clonogenic inhibition on Human Breast cancer (MD-MB-231), Prostate cancer (PC-3) and Lung cancer (Calu-6) cell lines. Materials and Methods: The cytotoxic effect was evaluated by MTT assay. Results: The methanol extract of P. odorata showed significant cytotoxicity against MD-MB-231 and Calu-6, when compared to PC-3cells. Conclusion: The methanol extracts of P. odorata, showed effective cytotoxic activities in a dose dependent manner. Future work will be interesting to know the chemical composition and also better understanding the mechanism of action will help in developing it as drug for therapeutic application.

}, keywords = {Alternative medicine, Anti-cancer, Drugs, Indian Medicinal plants, Inhibition.}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2016.1.6}, author = {Girish H V and Vinod A B and Dhananjaya B L and Satish Kumar D and Senthil Duraisamy} } @article {1538, title = {Cytotoxicity and Oral Acute Toxicity Studies of b-mangostin Isolated from Cratoxylum arborescens}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {6}, year = {2014}, month = {18th Feb,2014}, pages = {47-56}, type = {Original Article}, abstract = {

Introduction: The objective of this study was to investigate the cytotoxicity and oral acute toxicity of \β-mangostin isolated from Cratoxylum arborescens. Material and methods: Healthy male and female ICR mice (8 weeks) were fed orally with 250 and 500mg/kg of \β-mangostin. Body weight of each animal was measured and any gross behavioral change was observed daily. Hematological and clinical biochemical parameters as well as histopathological analysis were carried out on 15th day. The level of oxidative stress was analyzed using MDA and GSH measurement.Discussion: The results showed that oral administration of the \β-mangostin had no adverse effect on the growth rate, hematological and clinical biochemical parameters. Histological studies showed that the treatments did not induce any pathological changes in the liver and kidney. The compound at both the doses did not alter the oxidative stress biomarkers. The in vitro cytotoxicity of \β Mangostin was investigated in HepG2, A549, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and PC3 cells. There was significant cytotoxicity in both type of breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231). In conclusion, our results show that there was no treatment-related acute toxicity in mice following 14-days oral administration of 250 and 500mg/kg of \β-mangostin. Conclusion: The results showed that the compound can be selected for detailed in vitro and in vivo breast cancer research.

Key words: Cratoxylum arborescens, β-mangostin, acute toxicity, anti-cancer.

}, keywords = {Acute toxicity, Anti-cancer, Cratoxylum arborescens, β-mangostin}, author = {Suvitha Syam, and Ahmad Bustamam, and Rasedee Abdullah, and Mohamed Aspollah Sukari, and Najihah Mohd Hashim, and Maizatulakmal Yahayu, and Pouya Hassandarvish, and Syam Mohan, and Siddig Ibrahim Abdelwahab} }