@article {2443, title = {Comparison of Asiatic Acid and Dexamethasone Effect on Interleukin-4 Expression and Eosinophile Cell Count Following Strabismus Surgery: An Experimental Study in New Zealand Rabbit}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {December 2024}, pages = {1411-1417}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {1411}, abstract = {

Introduction: Postoperative strabismus inflammation can lead to fibrotic tissue formation. Dexamethasone, while generally effective as an anti-inflammatory post-surgery medication, can increase IOP and blood sugar levels. Research on asiatic acid suggests its potential as an anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic agent. Methods: Superior rectus recession was conducted on 20 rabbits, which were divided into five groups based on the subconjunctival injection substance: aquadest, dexamethasone, asiatic acid at a concentration of 0.4 mg/0.5 mL, 0.8 mg/0.5 mL, and 1.6 mg/0.5 mL. After three days, exenteration was performed, and an immunohistochemical examination was performed to assess interleukin-4 expression. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to assess eosinophile cell count. SPSS 26.0 facilitated the data analysis using the Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney tests. P\<0.05 was considered significant statistically. Results: This study showed that interleukin-4 expression in the asiatic acid 0.4 mg/0.5 mL group was significantly decreased compared to the aquadest group (P = 0.029) and dexamethasone group (P = 0.029). Higher-dose groups did not exhibit a significant decrease. Dexamethasone also did not exhibit a significant decrease compare to aquadest. There was no significant reduction of eosinophile cell count among all groups. Conclusions: This study highlighted the potential of asiatic acid, particularly at the concentration of 0.4 mg/0.5 mL, in reducing the inflammatory response, specifically interleukin-4 expression, after strabismus surgery in New Zealand rabbits.

}, keywords = {Asiatic acid, Dexamethasone, Eosinophil, Interleukin-4, Strabismus}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.227}, author = {Harris Kristanto Gunawan and Evelyn Komaratih and Rozalina Loebis and Djoko Agus Purwanto and Luki Indriaswati and Wimbo Sasono} } @article {2311, title = {Eosinophil Cell and Mass Appearance in Atypical Mycobacterium Infection of Lymphadenitis}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {June 2024}, pages = {664-667}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {664}, abstract = {

Introduction: Atypical mycobacterium (ATM) is acid fast bacilli not including tuberculosis and may had opportunistic feature in environment either in air or soil. While symptoms of ATM infection may look similar with typical tuberculosis, these specific group of disease were harder to treat and would necessitate longer antibiotics consumption. While PCR may readily available to detect ATM, anatomical pathology method such as biopsy may be a cheaper alternative in low-resource settings to differentiate between atypical and typical mycobacterium infection. Aim: To analyze correlation between eosinophil cells and eosinophil mass with ATM in lymphadenopathy patient. Methods: This study is an analytical observational study with cross-sectional design which aimed to review diagnostic abilities of eosinophil cell and mass to detect ATM. Patient would undergo both PCR as gold standard of diagnosis and cytology biopsy aspiration as comparative diagnostic modalities. Data would be presented from SPSS v. 25. Results: We collected 70 subjects that fulfill inclusion and exclusion criteria. Most samples were dominated by female in relatively young age. There are 37 patients with ATM in which 75,7\% patients cytology result shown expression of eosinophil cells and 71,4\% patients shown eosinophilic mass. Chi-square test revealed that statistical significance existed between eosinophilic cells with ATM. However, such statistical significance was not found between eosinophilic mass and ATM. Conclusion: Eosinophilic cell can be used as alternative diagnostic modalities in diagnosing ATM. Further studies should further examine pathophysiological correlations and diagnostic power.

}, keywords = {Atypical mycobacterium, Cytology, Eosinophil}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.105}, author = {Neni Wahyu Hastuti and Delfitri Munir and Reno Keumalazia Kamarlis and Bintang Yinke Magdalena Sinag and Adang Bachtiar and Farhat and Amira Permatasari Tarigan and Delyuzar} } @article {1684, title = {Immunostimulant Activity of Pegagan Embun Herbs Extract (Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam.) With Carbon Clearance Method Towards Male White Mice}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {November 2021}, pages = {1472-1477}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {1472}, abstract = {

Pegagan embun (Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides L.) has been used traditionally to cure various diseases such as anti-inflammatory, neutralizing toxins, dysentery, and others. This study aims to determine the immunostimulant effect of pegagan embun herbs extract using the carbon clearance method, the number, and the percentage of leukocyte cells. In this study, 25 male white mice were used, which were divided into five groups, groups 1, 2, and 3 given pegagan embun herbs extract in a dose of 10 mg/kgbw; 50 mg/ kgbw; 200 mg/kgbw, group 4 was given 0,5\% Na CMC, and group 5 were given stimuno 50 mg/kgbw. The preparation is given orally for seven consecutive days. On the eighth day, the phagocytosis index, number, and percentage of leukocyte cells were determined. The results showed that pegagan embun herbs extract has immunostimulant activity. The phagocytosis index of the 10 mg/kgbw dose group is 1.0211, 1.27796 for the 50 mg/kgbw, and 1.5250 for the 200 mg/kgbw. Then, the number of leukocytes of the 10, 500, and 200 mg/kgbw are 8.820/μL, 9.906/μL, and 10.790/μL, respectively. The percentage of lymphocyte cells are 58,5\%, 60,6\% and 62,8\%, and for segment neutrophil cells were 26\%, 27,6\% and 30\% for group 10, 50, and 200 mg/kgbw extract. Based on the results, that the pegagan embun herbs extract has immunostimulant activity against male white mice.

}, keywords = {Carbon clearance, Eosinophil, Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam., Immunostimulants, Leukocyte, Lymphocytes, Neutrophil}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.187}, author = {Afriwardi and Afdhila Fitri and Elidahanum Husni and Elsa Badriyya and Yufri Aldi} }