@article {2444, title = {Cytotoxic Potential of Mitragyna speciosa as Anticancer - A Review}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {December 2024}, pages = {1418-1423}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {1418}, abstract = {

Background: Herbal treatment has been proposed and researched as an alternative to cancer treatment. One of the reasons contains compounds that have cytotoxic effects. Mitragyna speciosa are known to contain alkaloids and have a cytotoxic effect. Objective: This review aimed to provide information about preclinical studies and investigates the cytotoxicity or anticancer activity of M. speciosa. Methods: Search articles through PubMed, Springer, and Science Direct databases focusing on preclinical trials according to PRISMA guidelines. A database search yielded a total of 206 identifiable studies. Then duplicate removal and feasibility screening were carried out, resulting in 11 studies that were eligible for final analysis. Results: The anticancer potentials reviewed in this study include Neuroblastoma, Leukemia, Colon Cancer, Breast Cancer, Kidney \& Liver Cytotoxicity, Glutathione Transferases Metabolizing Enzymes, Alkaloid Combination of M. speciosa \& Cisplatin, Alkaloid Combination of M. speciosa \& Doxorubicin and Mutagenic-Antimutagenic Activity of M. speciosa. Extracts and dominant alkaloids of M. speciosa have the potential for anticancer neuroblastoma, leukemia, colon, lung and breast cancer. Based on the safety aspect of the mitragynine compound, there is no mutagenic effect on cells. Conclusion: M. speciosa contains the dominant active alkaloid compound, mitragynine. Extracts and alkaloids dominant in M. speciosa have the potential as an anticancer.

}, keywords = {Alkaloids, Cancer, Cytotoxicity, M. speciosa, Mitragynine}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.228}, author = {Puja Adi Priatna and Retno Widyowati and Sukardiman} } @article {2373, title = {Juglans regia L.: Source of Bioactive Compounds with Potential Anticancer Activity}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {October 2024}, pages = {998-1003}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {998}, abstract = {

Background: Juglans regia L., commonly known as {\textquotedblleft}walnut{\textquotedblright}, belongs to the Juglandaceae family, with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hypoglycemic medicinal properties. Objective: Describe the anticancer potential of the bioactive compounds present in Juglans regia L. Method: Recent scientific studies were reviewed on the effects of bioactive compounds from Juglans regia L. on inhibiting tumor growth and cancer development in several experimental models. To do this, a scientific literature search was carried out, using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct. Results: Regarding the selected articles, it was found that some bioactive compounds from Juglans regia L. exhibit mechanisms of anticancer action, among which the following stand out: induction of apoptosis, suppression of angiogenesis, and modulation of cell signaling pathways related to cell proliferation and survival. Conclusion: It is concluded that Juglans regia L. contains active metabolites with potential anticancer effects.

}, keywords = {Angiogenesis, Antitumor, Apoptosis, Cancer, Juglans regia L.}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.161}, author = {Carla Y. Requejo-Rodr{\'\i}guez and Elmer M. Roncal-Alayo and Carmen R. Silva-Correa and V{\'\i}ctor E. Villarreal-La Torre and William A. Sag{\'a}stegui-Guarniz and William A. Sag{\'a}stegui-Guarniz and Walter E. Janampa-Castillo and Jos{\'e} E. Alvarez- Trujillo and Glenda J. Vela-Urbina and Abhel A. Calder{\'o}n-Pe{\~n}a and Cinthya L. Aspajo-Villalaz and Mar{\'\i}a E. Cotrina-Le{\'o}n and Julio A. Casta{\~n}eda-Carranza and Deivy Y. Dionicio-Rosado} } @article {2025, title = {The Role of Cyclooxigenase-2 Inhibitor in Basal Cell Carcinoma: A Literature Review}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {March 2023}, pages = {233-238}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {233}, abstract = {

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common skin malignancy worldwide. It has low mortality but can cause significant morbidity primarily due to local destruction. The incidence and associated cost are rising in recent years causing a burden in healthcare system. BCC incidence are continue to increase due to lack of effective chemopreventive option. Several risk factors are associated with the pathogenesis of BCC. One of the major risk factors of BCC is exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays, hence the prevention strategy for this malignancy include avoidance of natural and artificial sources of UV radiation. However, these methods are still less than optimal in inhibiting the emergence of basal cell carcioma. In recent years, there is accumulating evidence that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), may be involved in the pathogenesis of BCC. Several recent studies have shown that the use of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor drugs can prevent the development of nonmelanoma skin tumors including BCC. In this review, we described the potential of COX-2 inhibitors as chemoprevention for BCC.

}, keywords = {Basal cell carcinoma., Cancer, Chemoprevention, Cox-2 inhibitor, Cyclooxygenase, Skin malignancy}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.15.35}, author = {Maylita Sari and Kartika Misalina and M. Yulianto Listiawan} } @article {1773, title = {An In Silico Study of Examining Bioactive Compounds from Azadirachta indica Juss. (Neem) as Potential Death Receptor 5 Inductor in Hepatoma Cells}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {April 2022}, pages = {343-349}, type = {Research Article }, chapter = {343}, abstract = {

Hepatocellular carcinoma is a disease that occurs due to the uncontrolled growth of abnormal hepatocytes. While cancer cells will not die by itself, due to resistance to death receptors 5 (DR5)-mediated apoptosis. This study is aimed to investigate Azadirachta indica Juss. leaves compound, such as gedunin and nimbolide, in binding DR5 and stimulated the TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL), native ligand binding to DR5, which has a role of pro-apoptotic by docking simulation. The ligand and protein preparations were done using Discovery Studio 2016 and Hex 8.0.0 for docking. Visualization was done using Discovery Studio 2016. The docking studies revealed that nimbolide has a lower binding energy with the DR5-TRAIL complex than gedunin. According to the findings, nimbolide is a more effective DR5-TRAIL binding inducer than gedunin and has a higher binding affinity for DR5-TRAIL. This interaction has the potential to significantly reduce DR5-TRAIL binding resistance. Nimbolide and gedunin can be considered as drugs that can sensitize TRAIL binding to DR5 and increase the activation of one of hepar cancers signaling apoptosis pathways.

}, keywords = {Apoptosis, Azadirachta indica Juss., Cancer, Death receptor 5, in silico}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.44}, author = {Ricadonna Raissa and Anna Safitri and Masruri Masruri and Ma Asuncion Guiang Beltran5 and Aulanni{\textquoteright}am Aulanni{\textquoteright}am} } @article {1816, title = {Potential Anticancer Activity of Bioactive Compounds from Ipomoea batatas}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {June 2022}, pages = {650-659}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {650}, abstract = {

Ipomoea batatas L. (Lam.) known as "sweet potato" is a plant species of great importance in the human diet due to the contribution of nutrients and also for its bioactive compounds that have various medicinal properties. Its anticancer activity is one of the properties that attract the attention of researchers in the study of plant species. This review aims to make a critical compilation of current information on research that evaluated the antitumor and antiproliferative activity of Ipomoea batatas. The studies included in this review show a diversity of bioactive compounds present in Ipomoea batatas such as phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, flavonoids, coumarins and sterols; also isolated compounds such as pectin, peptides and glycoproteins that can be related to their biological activity. It is concluded that there are positive results about Ipomoea batatas and its anticancer activity evaluated through in vitro and in vivo tests. In humans, safety and efficacy trials are still lacking to support its future use and allow drug development. Further research evaluating the safety and efficacy of reported bioactive compounds in Ipomoea batatas is important for the development of this promising area.

}, keywords = {Antiproliferative, Antitumoral., Cancer, Sweet potato}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.84}, author = {Carmen R. Silva-Correa and Julio Hilario-Vargas and V{\'\i}ctor E. Villarreal-La Torre and Abhel A. Calder{\'o}n-Pe{\~n}a and Anabel D. Gonz{\'a}lez-Siccha and Cinthya L. Aspajo-Villalaz and Jos{\'e} L. Cruzado-Razco} } @article {1342, title = {Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Bioassay on Blumeodendron toxbrai (Blume.) Stem Bark Hexane, Dichloromethane, and Methanolic Ekstract}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {January 2021}, pages = {139-141}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {139}, abstract = {

Introduction: Blumeodendron toksbraii has the potential to be anti-HIV and anti α-glucosidase. Objective: This research was conducted to examine the effects of antioxidant and cytotoxicity in vitro from these compounds from methanolic stem bark extract. Method: Stem bark to be extracted with maceration using hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol solution. Extracts were quantified with respect to in vitro antioxidant activity using the 2.2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging. Anticytotoxic activity was determined by cytotoxicity assay using MCF-7 cell line with Alamar Blue method. Results: The observed IC50 value from hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol extract for antioxidant assay were 88.33 {\textpm} 0.19 μg/ mL, 74,54 {\textpm} 0,61 μg /mL and 94.1 {\textpm} 0.19 μg/mL respectively. IC50 value of anti-cytotoxic assay from hexane extract, dichloromethane and methanol extract is 121.24 {\textpm} 0.15 μg/mL, 55 {\textpm} 0,48 μg/mL and 70.71 {\textpm} 0.15 μg/mL. Conclusion: dichloromethane extract showed good promising result for anti-oxidant and cytotoxic assay, futher study needed to isolate compound from this plant.

}, keywords = {Anticytotoxic DPPH, Antioxidant, Blumeodendron toksbraii, Cancer, MCF-7}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.19}, author = {Andreas Susilo Adi and Berna Elya and Muhammad Hanafi} } @article {1369, title = {GC-MS Analysis and Screening of Anti-Proliferative Potential of Methanolic Extract of Garcinia cowa on Different Cancer Cell Lines}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {March 2021}, pages = {347-361}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {347}, abstract = {

Introduction: Garcinia cowa (Clusiaceae) is popular among integrative medicine in several communities. This study undertook to evaluate the anti-proliferative activity on cancer cells and its cytotoxic effect on normal cells. Here we are reporting for the first time the metabolomic profiling of G. cowa leaf. Methods: Anti-proliferative potential of ethyl acetate and methanol extract of Garcinia cowa leaf assessed by MTT assay. Metabolomic profiling obtained by GC/ MS analysis. Nuclear morphology visualized by DAPI staining. Caspase activation analysed through spectrophotometric assay. Results: The study reveals, that the methanolic extract is more potential in inducing anti-proliferative activity than ethyl acetate extract. Robust antiproliferative activity of the methanolic extract evidenced in lung cancer cell line, A549 followed by MCF{\textendash}7, HepG2, MOLT {\textendash} 4, MDA-MB-468 cells. The anti-proliferative effect was negligible in normal PBMC. Further, a dose-dependent increase of nuclear fragmentation visualized in A549 cells treated with the methanolic extract. Post methanolic extract treatment upregulation of caspase-3 and caspase-9 also evidenced in A549 cells. GC/MS analysis revealed the presence of phytoconstituents of different phytochemical groups comprising of 3.45\% diterpenoid, 5.45\% triterpenoid, 11.24\% steroid, 2.03\% phytosterol, etc. in methanol extract, as well as 4.53\% diterpenoid, 2.88\% triterpenoid, 1.09\% steroid, 2.11\% phytosterol, etc. in ethyl acetate extract with considerable biological importance. Conclusion: This is the maiden report of the metabolomic profiling of leaf extracts of Garcinia cowa which possess a good repository of potentially bioactive molecules that holds a great promise as a future therapeutic agent in combating lung cancer.

}, keywords = {Anti-proliferative, Cancer, Garcinia cowa, GC-MS, Metabolomic profiling}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.45}, author = {Anirban Chouni and Amrita Pal and Priya K Gopal and Santanu Paul} } @article {839, title = {Virtual Screening of Indonesian Herbal Database for Discovery of Procaspase-3 Activators Using Autodock and Autodock Vina}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, year = {2019}, pages = {xx-xx}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {xx}, abstract = {

Objective: Cancer is a disease where body cell grows abnormal, spread to every part of human body. Previous studies have found excessive expression of Procaspase-3 on cancer that must be activated to Caspase-3 to induce apoptotic in cells. Methods: Virtual screening of Indonesian Herbal Database was carried out to discover Procaspase-3 activators. This study was validated using enrichment factor (EF), receiver operating characteristics (ROC) area under curve (AUC) parameters. Among 1412 compounds were screened using Autodock and Autodock Vina software. Results: The virtual screening results using Autodock obtained the best ten compounds with binding energy -8.28 ~ -9.31 kcal/mol and Autodock Vina obtained the best ten compounds with binding energy -8.1 ~ -8.8 kcal/mol. Both virtual screening software showed two compounds in common, i.e., betulinic acid and maslinic acid. Conclusion: Betulinic acid interacts with Leu136A, Lys137A, Tyr195A and Pro201 residues in Autodock and Autodock Vina. While maslinic acid interacts with Leu136A, Lys137A and Pro201 residues in Autodock and Autodock Vina

}, keywords = {Apoptotic, Cancer, Herbal, Procaspase-3 activator, Virtual Screening}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2017.4.x}, author = {Rezi Riadhi Syahdi, and Ayu Annissa and Arry Yanuar} } @article {871, title = {Virtual Screening of Indonesian Herbal Database for Discovery of Procaspase-3 Activators Using Autodock and Autodock Vina}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {xx}, year = {2019}, pages = {xx-xx}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {xx}, abstract = {

Objective: Cancer is a disease where body cell grows abnormal, spread to every part of human body. Previous studies have found excessive expression of Procaspase-3 on cancer that must be activated to Caspase-3 to induce apoptotic in cells. Methods: Virtual screening of Indonesian Herbal Database was carried out to discover Procaspase-3 activators. This study was validated using enrichment factor (EF), receiver operating characteristics (ROC) area under curve (AUC) parameters. Among 1412 compounds were screened using Autodock and Autodock Vina software. Results: The virtual screening results using Autodock obtained the best ten compounds with binding energy -8.28 ~ -9.31 kcal/mol and Autodock Vina obtained the best ten compounds with binding energy -8.1 ~ -8.8 kcal/mol. Both virtual screening software showed two compounds in common, i.e., betulinic acid and maslinic acid. Conclusion: Betulinic acid interacts with Leu136A, Lys137A, Tyr195A and Pro201 residues in Autodock and Autodock Vina. While maslinic acid interacts with Leu136A, Lys137A and Pro201 residues in Autodock and Autodock Vina.

}, keywords = {Apoptotic, Cancer, Herbal, Procaspase-3 activator, Virtual Screening}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.11xx}, author = {Rezi Riadhi Syahdi and Ayu Annissa and Arry Yanuar} } @article {561, title = {Purified Anthocyanin, its Elicitation from Cell Cultures of Begonia malabarica and Begonia rex-cultorum {\textquoteleft}Baby Rainbow{\textquoteright}and it{\textquoteright}s In vitro Cytotoxicity Analysis by MTT Assay}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {March 2018}, pages = {553-558}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {553}, abstract = {

Background: According to recent statistics, cancer accounts about marked percentage of total deaths in the world, although there are many therapeutic approaches. Unfortunately, the cytotoxicity properties of most chemotherapy drug are nonspecific and therefore do not distinguish between normal healthy cells and tumor cells, these events have led to inappropriate and toxic therapeutic agents with a wide range of side effects. However, several experimental and epidemiological studies have suggested that fruits and vegetables are associated with low risk of various types of cancer. Anthocyanins are natural pigments that provide intense purple to red color in plants. Anthocyanin possess the ability to inhibit oxidative stress and to induce apoptosis in malignant cells, thus may prevent carcinogenesis. Methods: Antiproliferative properties of purified anthocyanin extract from elicited cell suspension cultures of Begonia malabarica and Begonia rex-cultorum \‘Baby rainbow\’ was investigated in terms of MTT assay. Anthocyanin extracts were tested for their ability to inhibit the growth of HT29 (colon cancer cells), MG63 (Osteosarcoma), HeLa (Cervical cancer cells) and L929 (Mouse Fibroblast L929) cell lines. Results: Cell viability decreased in a dose dependent manner in all the considered cell lines treated with anthocyanin extracts. The extract of Begonia rex-cultorum \‘Baby rainbow\’ exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against all tumor cell lines than Begonia malabarica extract. Begonia malabarica and Begonia rex-cultorum \‘Baby rainbow\’ anthocyanin extract exhibited the highest cytotoxicity towards HT29 and HeLa cell lines respectively. But, MG63 resulted in comparatively higher percentage of viability of cell lines at the same concentrations. The anthocyanin extract produced significant morphological alterations on cell lines in culture. Meanwhile, the extracts showed poor cytotoxicity against the normal cell line. Conclusion: The morphological alteration of the treated cancer cells presented clear evidence of significant cytotoxicity of anthocyanin extracts of both Begonias in all the three cell lines. Thus, anthocyanin may act as chemopreventive agents for various cancer cell lines.

}, keywords = {Anthocyanin, Begonia, Cancer, Cell suspension., Cytotoxicity, MTT Assay}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2018.3.90}, url = {http://fulltxt.org/article/523}, author = {Aswathy Jayasree Madanakumar and Murugan Kumaraswamy} } @article {738, title = {Virtual Screening of Indonesian Herbal Database as Murine Double Minute-2 (MDM2) Inhibitor}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {August 2018}, pages = {1184-1189}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1184}, abstract = {

Background: Murine Double Minute-2 (MDM2) overexpression causes the p53 deficiency, so the role p53 as a cell regulator does not work in the case of cancer. Methods: In this study, virtual screening of Indonesian herbal database to discover MDM2 inhibitors was carried out. Autodock and Autodock Vina validated with Directory of Useful Decoy-Enhanced (DUD-E). Validation parameters were performed with Enrichment Factor, Receiver Operating Characteristics, and Area Under Curve. Results: The validation with the grid box 70x70x70 on Autodock resulting AUC value 0.72, while in Autodock Vina 0.43. Autodock Vina did not fulfilll the standard value but still used for comparison. Based on the virtual screening result, top ten compounds from Autodock are Nimolicinol, Jacoumaric acid, Isoarborinol, Lantic acid, Diosgenin, Theasaponin E1, Taraxasterol, Leucadenone C, Simiarenol, and Alpha-Amyrin were found to have strong interaction with MDM2, with binding energy (\ΔG) ranging from -8.83 to -9.65 kcal/mol. The Autodock Vina screening resulted in the identification of Yuehchukene, Morusin, Cyanidin, Leucadenone C, Roxburghine-B, Ocidentoside, Beta-sitosterol, Curine, Withangulatin, and Jacoumaric acid as potential inhibitors with binding energy (\ΔG) ranging from -8.7 to -9.4 kcal/mol. Conclusion: Jacoumaric acid and Leucadenone C were shown to interact with the active site in MDM2 at residues Leu54, Ile61, Met62, and Ile99.

}, keywords = {Cancer, Docking, Indonesian Herbal, Inhibitor, MDM2, Virtual Screening}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2018.6.203}, author = {Alexander Victory and Rezi Riadhi Syahdi and Arry Yanuar} } @article {126, title = {Medicinal Plants for Treatment of Cancer: A Brief Review}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {December 2015}, pages = {87-102}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {87}, abstract = {

Cancer is actually a group of many related diseases that all have to do with cells. Cancer cells are characterized by unregulated growth, as well as insufficient and inappropriate vascular supply. Moreover, a core of cells was subjected to micro environmental stress conditions, and has decreased apoptotic potential through genetic alterations, thereby resulting in resistance to apoptosis. Cancer is one of the major causes of death worldwide where the number of cancer patients is in continuous rise. Cancer is a major public problem whose estimated worldwide new incidence is about 6 million cases per year. It is the second major cause of deaths after cardiovascular diseases. Chemotherapy remains the principal mode of treatment for various cancers. A number of synthetic anticancer drugs are available in practice, but the side effects and the drug interactions are major drawbacks in its clinical utility. Most of the currently used chemotherapy drugs for cancers are known to develop resistance, exhibit non-selective toxicity against normal cells and restrict by dose-limiting side effects. Hence, cancer treatment and development of drugs for this disease remains a major clinical challenge. On the other hand, plants are an exceptionally viable source of biologically active natural products which may serve as commercially significant entities in themselves or which may provide lead structures for the development of modified derivatives possessing enhanced activity and/or reduced toxicity in traeatment of cancer. Herbal medicines are now attracting attention as potential sources of anticancer agents and are widely used due to availability of the materials, affordability, relatively cheap and little or no side effects, wide applicability and therapeutic efficacy which in turn has accelerated the scientific research. For these reasons, World Health Organization (WHO) supports the use of traditional medicines which are efficacious and non toxic. In this review we have summarized few plants having anticancer activity.

}, keywords = {Allopathic Drugs, Breast cancer, Cancer, Cancer Cell Lines., Chemotherapy, Medicinal Plants.}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2016.2.1}, author = {Sonika Jain and Jaya Dwivedi and Pankaj Kumar Jain and Swaha Satpathy and Arjun Patra} }