@article {2214, title = {Evaluating the Therapeutic Potential of Vernonia amygdalina: A Promising Antidiabetic Agent in STZ and Nicotinamide-Induced Rat Model}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {February 2024}, pages = {94-99}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {94}, abstract = {

Background: Vernonia amygdalina, commonly known as bitter leaf, has been traditionally used for its potential antidiabetic properties. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of Vernonia amygdalina extract (VAE) in ameliorating hyperglycemia using a streptozotocin (STZ) and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced rat model of diabetes. Methods: Sixty male Wistar rats were divided into six groups: normal control, diabetic control, and four treatment groups receiving different doses of VAE (100, 300, and 500 mg/kg body weight) orally for eight weeks. Diabetes was induced in rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (55 mg/kg) after four weeks of Nicotinamid feeding. Body weight, fasting blood glucose levels, HbA1c, serum insulin levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured. Results: Treatment with VAE significantly reduced fasting blood glucose levels in a dose-dependent manner compared to the diabetic control group (p \< 0.05). VAE administration also led to a significant decrease in HbA1c levels and an increase in serum insulin levels in a dosedependent manner (p \< 0.05). Furthermore, VAE supplementation restored SOD activity and reduced MDA levels, indicating improved antioxidant status in the treated groups (p \< 0.05). Conclusion: This study demonstrates the therapeutic potential of Vernonia amygdalina as an antidiabetic agent in the STZ and HFD-induced rat model of diabetes. VAE supplementation effectively reduced fasting blood glucose levels, improved glycemic control as indicated by reduced HbA1c levels, and enhanced insulin secretion. Moreover, VAE exhibited antioxidant activity by restoring SOD activity and reducing MDA levels. These findings suggest that Vernonia amygdalina could be a promising natural remedy for the management of diabetes. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and evaluate its long-term safety and efficacy in humans.

}, keywords = {Diabetes, HbA1c, Insulin, MDA, SOD, Vernonia amygdalina}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.13}, author = {Muhammad Faridz Syahrian and I Nyoman Ehrich Lister and Chrismis Novalinda Ginting} } @article {1798, title = {Effects of High Intensity Swimming on Heat Shock Protein 70, Superoxide Dismutase and Malondialdehyde of Rattus norvegicus Male Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {June 2022}, pages = {524-530}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {524}, abstract = {

Introduction: This study aims to analyze relationship between physical activity with high intensity swimming by proving the difference in the mean levels of HSP-70, SOD levels and MDA levels in male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) who perform vigorous-intensity physical activity compared to male white rat (Rattus norvegicus) who do not engage in strenuous physical activity. Method: This research is a laboratory experimental research. This research is a True Experimental Research type that uses a Post Test Only Control Group Design research design. The experimental unit consisted of 28 white rats (Rattus norvegicus). The study was started by dividing the rats into 2 groups. Group 0 who did not receive heavy physical activity treatment and group 1 who received heavy intensity physical activity treatment 3 times a week for 4 weeks. Results: The results of the Shapiro-Wilk test showed that the HSP-70 data were normally distributed (p\<0.05). SOD and MDA data for all groups were normally distributed (p\>0.05). The results of the Kruskal Wallis test showed that there was a significant difference in HSP-70 between groups (p \> 0.05), the results of the Mann Whitney test showed that the HSP-70 of the K0 group was significantly different from the K1 group. The results of the analysis of variance with Brown-Forsythe showed that there was a significant difference in SOD between groups (p \< 0.05). The results of the Games Howell test showed that the SOD of group K0 was significantly different from that of group K1. The results of the analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference in MDA between groups (p \< 0.05). The results of the LSD test showed that the MDA of the K0 group was significantly different from the K1 group. Conclusion: There is a difference in the mean levels of HSP-70 in white male rat (Rattus norvegicus) whoperform strenuous physical activity, lower than male white rat (Rattus norvegicus) who do not engage in strenuous physical activity. There is a difference in the mean SOD levels in male white rat (Rattus norvegicus) which perform strenuous physical activity, lower than male white rat (Rattus norvegicus) who do not do strenuous physical activity. There is a difference in the mean MDA levels in male white rat (Rattus norvegicus) after doing strenuous physical activity, higher than male white rat (Rattus norvegicus) who do not engage in strenuous physical activity.

}, keywords = {HSP-70, MDA., SOD, Strenuous physical activity}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.66}, author = {Dody Taruna and Bambang Purwanto and Harianto Notopuro and Widjiati and Budi Utomo and Lilik Herawati and Reny I{\textquoteright}tishom and Aryati} } @article {1398, title = {Cardioprotective Role of Partharishtam on Isopreterenol Induced Myocardial Infarction in Animal Model}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {March 2021}, pages = {591-595}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {591}, abstract = {

Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the key causes of high death rate globally. We report the cardio protective effect of an Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation Partharishtam on isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction on albino rats. Administration of Isoproterenol to normal albino rat triggers MI evident from the significant changes in key biomolecules tested in blood serum and cardiac tissues. The cardio protective role of Partharishtam was compared with a standard medicine, Propranolol on some of the known identifying markers of MI such as, Troponin I and T, creatine phosphokinase serum (CPK-S), creatine phosphokinase myoglobulin isozyme fraction (CPK-MB) and oxidative enzymes like super oxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase. There was an appreciable decrease in the levels of Troponin 1 and T, CPK-S and CPK-MB after the treatment of Partharishtam on Isoproterenol induced MI rats. In vivo anti-oxidative enzyme studies also revealed the increase in the levels of SOD, GSH and catalase to near normalcy after the treatment of Partharishtam in MI rats, which is very much comparable to the commonly used drug Propranolol to treat MI patients. Histopathological analysis confirmed the cardio protective properties of Partharistham in rat model. We did not find any side effects or toxicity of Partharishtam when tested on the normal rats. Thus, polyherbal formulation Partharishtam could be considered as safe medicine for MI.

}, keywords = {Catalase, Creatine phosphokinase, GSH, Isoproterenol, Myocardial Infarction, Partharishtam, Polyherbal, Propranolol, SOD, Troponin I, Troponin T}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.74}, author = {G. Narayanan and K Prabhu and Anath Bandhu Chaudhury and Mudiganti Ram Krishna Rao and V S Kalai Selvi and N S Muthiah and Sruthi Dinakar} }