@article {2465, title = {The In-Vitro Antiviral Activity of Carissa Edulis, Tulbaghia Acutiloba, and Tetradenia Riparia on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {January 2025}, pages = {47-57}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {47}, abstract = {

The current treatment landscape for COVID-19 is largely supportive or experimental in nature, highlighting the need for alternative approaches. Ethanolic extracts of three South African medicinal plants (Carissa edulis, Tulbaghia acutiloba, and Tetradenia riparia) were tested for their antiviral activity against SARSCoV- 2. Viral loads were quantified using real-time PCR, and their anti-inflammatory effects were also assessed using ELISA. Both pre-treatment and post-treatment of H1299-hACE2-E3 cells with C. edulis extract significantly reduced viral loads by two- to four-fold decreases as compared to untreated controls, which suggests potential antiviral activity. T. acutiloba and T. riparia also exhibited moderate antiviral suppression, especially when the extracts were pre-treated prior to infection at early time points (24 hours). All three plants showed anti-inflammatory activity. The findings from this research demonstrate C. edulis{\textquoteright} potent antiviral activity and positions it as a promising candidate for further research in antiviral therapy development.

}, keywords = {Antiviral activity, Carissa edulis, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), Tetradenia riparia, Tulbaghia acutiloba}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2025.17.6}, author = {Carlos A. da Silva and Polo-Ma-Abiele H. Mfengwana and Felicity J. Burt} } @article {1382, title = {Novel Antiviral Investigation of Annona squamosa Leaf Extract against the Dengue Virus Type-2: In vitro Study}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {March 2021}, pages = {456-462}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {456}, abstract = {

Introduction: Dengue virus (DENV) infection is general mosquito-transmitted viral taint. It can lead to the dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) or dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Dengue is a solemn illness with no endowed antiviral medication or recognized vaccine. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the activity of Annona squamosa leaf extract (ASLE) against dengue virus type-2 (DENV-2) isolated from Surabaya, Indonesia in 2013 (NCBI accession number: KT012509). Methods: In this study, the antiviral activity of ASLE was evaluated against DENV- 2 in Vero cells using Viral ToxGlo{\texttrademark} Assay. In addition, we used CellTiter-Glo{\textregistered} Luminescent Cell Viability Assay to set the amount of viable cells in culture based on quantitation of the ATP. Results: DENV-2 replication inhibited by ASLE in Vero cells with IC50 = 73.78 μg/mL and SI = 4.49 when cells were treated two days after virus infection, whereas its CC50 for cytotoxicity to Vero cells was 331.54 μg/mL. Interestingly, this is the first report on the investigation of ASLE against DENV-2. Conclusion: In summary, ASLE demonstrated the antiviral activity against DENV-2 with less toxicity, and high possibility as a drug candidate. Therefore, it might be suggested for in vivo assessment in the progress of a potent antiviral against DENV-2.

}, keywords = {Annona squamosa, Antiviral activity, DENV-2, Vero cells}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.58}, author = {Arif Nur Muhammad Ansori and Amaq Fadholly and Annise Proboningrat and Yulanda Antonius and Suhailah Hayaza and Raden Joko Kuncoroningrat Susilo and Bilqis Inayatillah and Mada Triandala Sibero and Sin War Naw and Gabrielle Ann Villar Posa and Teguh Hari Sucipto and Soegen Soegijanto} }