@article {1329, title = {The Impact of Sub Acute Administration of Purified Gambier (Uncaria gambir Roxb.) to The Liver and Kidney Functions and its Reversibility on Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {January 2021}, pages = {44-51}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {44}, abstract = {

Introduction: The impact of sub-acute administration of purified gambier (Uncaria gambir Roxb.) to the liver and kidney function and its reversibility had been studied on rats. Methods: Rats at the aged of 2-3 months and the bodyweight of {\textpm}250 g were treated with water solution of purified gambier at the dose of 5 mg/kg10 and 20 mg/kg for 7 to 14 consecutive days. Plasma ALP, AST activities, creatinine clearance, liver and kidney ratios were determined on the day 1, 7, 14 one week after the doses stopped. All data on each parameter were analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by Duncan{\textquoteright}s multiple T-test and significance was taken at p\<0.05. Results: The results showed that all parameters was not affected significantly (p\>0.1), except ALT activity and liver organ ratio decreased significantly (p\<0.05). Conclusion: These indicated that purified gambier is relatively non-toxic to the liver and the kidney of the rats at doses of 5-20 mg/kg BW for 14 days.

}, keywords = {ALP, ALT, CrCl, Liver function, Purified gambier, Renal function}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.7}, author = {Armenia and Dita Permatasari and Lathifah Putri Sinamar and Keke Estera and Almahdy Ahmadin} } @article {1348, title = {Liver Organ Impairment Due to the Consumption of Kratom Leaves (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.)}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {January 2021}, pages = {179-184}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {179}, abstract = {

This study was aimed to evaluate the administration effects of kratom leaves extracts on the liver of mice (Mus musculus). The total of 25 mice was divided into five groups, respectively; (A) without treatment, (B) treatment with distilled water at 0.50 ml/20 g body weight, (C) treatment of kratom leaves extracts with a dosage of 0.15 mg/20 g body weight, (D) treatment of kratom leaves extracts with a dosage to 0.30 mg/20 g body weight and (E) treatment with a dosage of silymarin at 0.70 mg/20 g body weight. All those treatments were completed in seven consecutive days. On day 8, blood withdrawal and liver dissection were executed. The average levels of AST enzyme in the treatment groups respectively showed 22.81 U/L (A), 23.30 U/L (B), 34.86 U/L (C), 40.68 U/L (D), and 25.44 U/L (E), (p\<0.05). Whereas, the average levels of ALT exposed respectively at 17.96 U/L (A), 18.35 U/L (B), 29.13 U/L (C), 33.59 U/L (D), and 20.68 U/L (E), (p\<0.05). The average scoring for the treatment groups resulted in 0.33, 0.67, 1.33, 1.67, and 0.67, respectively, with p\<0.05. Hence, it was concluded that the higher doses of the extracts of kratom leaves administered during the treatment, the more severe damage the liver organ became.

}, keywords = {ALT, AST, Kratom leaves, Liver organ}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.25}, author = {Ruqiah Ganda Putri Panjaitan and Linda Liridah} }