@article {1679, title = {Hepatoprotective Effect of Ganoderma applanatum Crude Polysaccharides on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Early Liver Fibrosis in Mice}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {November 2021}, pages = {1428-1436}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {1428}, abstract = {

Introduction: Liver fibrosis is a treatable disease when still at early stages. Ganoderma applanatum plays role as alternative medicine. The fungi have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer bioactivities. This study aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of G. applanatum crude polysaccharides (GACP) on liver fibrosis due to CCl4 induction. Methods: This study was divided into six groups. BALB/c mice were given CCl4 dissolved in olive oil (2 mL/kg; 1:3) intraperitoneally (i.p) twice a week for four weeks to produce a liver fibrosis model. Distilled water (control group), silymarin 100 mg/kg and GACP 25, 50, 100 mg/kg were given once daily for four weeks. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), tumor necrosis-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Histopathology was stained by hematoxylin \& eosin (H\&E) and Masson{\textquoteright}s trichome. Results: The administration of GACP effectively prevented ALT, AST, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels from high elevation. Additionally, the GACP had protective effect after liver histological analysis exhibited less injury in the liver tissue. Conclusion: The hepatoprotective effect of GACP on liver fibrosis is mainly due to avoid high elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokine. This result revealed that GACP could be a potential hepatoprotective agent for later clinical therapy.

}, keywords = {Anti-inflammatory, Carbon tetrachloride, Crude polysaccharides, Fibrosis, Ganoderma applanatum}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.181}, author = {Raden Joko Kuncoroningrat Susilo and Dwi Winarni and Saikhu Akhmad Husen and Suhailah Hayaza and Sri Puji Astuti Wahyuningsih and Ruey-An Doong and Win Darmanto} } @article {1392, title = {Therapeutic Implication of Honey against Chronic Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Injury via Enhancing Antioxidant Potential and Maintenance of Liver Tissue Architecture}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {March 2021}, pages = {542-549}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {542}, abstract = {

The current study was undertaken to examine the possible hepatoprotective effect of natural honey against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury in mice. A significant increase in the serum aminotransferases (ALT and AST) and alkaline phosphatase activity was noticed in mice exposed to CCl4. In addition to this, a significant decrease in total antioxidant capacity and antioxidant enzymes (catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) was observed in CCl4-induction group. However, treatment with honey (400 mg/kg b.w, 4 times/ week) clearly demonstrates significant hepatoprotective activities by lowering the liver marker enzymes towards the normal reference range and restores the antioxidant enzyme levels(p\<0.05). The effect of CCl4 was also noticed microscopically by alteration in liver tissue architecture. The administration of liver toxicant causes, hemorrhage, congestion, necrosis, edema and remarkable blood vessel dilation. Moreover, honey exhibited protective action against this haloalkane in tissue architecture as the severity of liver tissue alteration was significantly reduced (p\<0.05). The expressional pattern of P53 protein in groups treated with CCl4 only as well as honey plus CCl4 was statistically insignificant. In conclusion, this study reveals that natural honey has a remarkable protective effect against CCl4-induced liver toxicity at antioxidant enzyme, histological and protein expression level.

}, keywords = {antioxidant activity, Carbon tetrachloride, Histopathological alteration, Honey, Liver toxicity}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.68}, author = {Saleh A Almatroodi} } @article {1225, title = {Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Activities of Strobilanthes kunthianus against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {August 2020}, pages = {1143-1151}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {1143}, abstract = {

Background: Strobilanthes kunthianus Nees T Anders (Neela kurinji) is a shrub in the grasslands of Nilgiris, Western Ghats in India. It is well known for many biological properties including antioxidant. However, there is no in-vivo antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities has been carried out previously on S. kunthianus. Objectives: The present study was aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of methanolic flower extract of S. kunthianus (MFESK) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in experimental rats. Materials and Methods: The Wistar rats were divided into six groups comprising six animals to each. Group I was served as normal control and group II as CCl4 treated. Both these groups were received sodium CMC (0.3\%, 5 ml/kg). Groups III, IV and V animals were treated with MFESK at different dose levels (100, 150 and 200 mg/kg). Group VI was treated with standard silymarin (100 mg/kg). All these treatments were given orally for eight consecutive days. On the 8th day of treatment, except the normal group I, all the other group of animals from III to VI were received CCl4 in liquid paraffin (1:1, 1 ml/kg, i.p., single dose) after 1 h of the vehicle. On the 9th day, the animals were anesthetized and blood was collected from the abdominal artery, then the serum was separated and used for the biochemical estimations. Serum marker enzymes such as ASAT, ALAT, ALP, TGL, CR, TP, TC, TB and albumin were measured using Ecoline kits by using autoanalyzer. Further, blood serum and the supernatant solution of homogenized liver and kidney were used for the estimation of antioxidant parameters such as CAT, SOD and TBARS by spectrophotometrically. Results: The administration of CCl4 caused a significant increase (P\<0.001) in the levels of ASAT, ALAT, ALP, TGL, TC, TB and TBARS and decrease in the levels of CR, TP, Albumin, CAT and SOD in serum. A significant (P\<0.001 and P\<0.01) restoration of these values towards the normal level was observed in all the three tested doses of MFESK. Similar results were observed for CAT, SOD and TBARS in both liver and kidney tissues. These results designated the strong antioxidant and hepatoprotective nature of MFESK. The histopathological investigation of liver and kidney tissues also confirmed the observed activities. Conclusion: These findings afford incitement for the development of a novel hepatoprotective herbal drugs.

}, keywords = {Antioxidant, Carbon tetrachloride, Hepatoprotective, Hepatotoxicity, Liver disease, Strobilanthes kunthianus}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.161}, author = {Geetha Balasubramaniam and Mahendran Sekar and Maithili Varadarajan and Shrishailappa Badami} } @article {1224, title = {Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Activities of Strobilanthes kunthianus against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {August 2020}, pages = {1143-1151}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {1143}, abstract = {

Background: Strobilanthes kunthianus Nees T Anders (Neela kurinji) is a shrub in the grasslands of Nilgiris, Western Ghats in India. It is well known for many biological properties including antioxidant. However, there is no in-vivo antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities has been carried out previously on S. kunthianus. Objectives: The present study was aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of methanolic flower extract of S. kunthianus (MFESK) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in experimental rats. Materials and Methods: The Wistar rats were divided into six groups comprising six animals to each. Group I was served as normal control and group II as CCl4 treated. Both these groups were received sodium CMC (0.3\%, 5 ml/kg). Groups III, IV and V animals were treated with MFESK at different dose levels (100, 150 and 200 mg/kg). Group VI was treated with standard silymarin (100 mg/kg). All these treatments were given orally for eight consecutive days. On the 8th day of treatment, except the normal group I, all the other group of animals from III to VI were received CCl4 in liquid paraffin (1:1, 1 ml/kg, i.p., single dose) after 1 h of the vehicle. On the 9th day, the animals were anesthetized and blood was collected from the abdominal artery, then the serum was separated and used for the biochemical estimations. Serum marker enzymes such as ASAT, ALAT, ALP, TGL, CR, TP, TC, TB and albumin were measured using Ecoline kits by using autoanalyzer. Further, blood serum and the supernatant solution of homogenized liver and kidney were used for the estimation of antioxidant parameters such as CAT, SOD and TBARS by spectrophotometrically. Results: The administration of CCl4 caused a significant increase (P\<0.001) in the levels of ASAT, ALAT, ALP, TGL, TC, TB and TBARS and decrease in the levels of CR, TP, Albumin, CAT and SOD in serum. A significant (P\<0.001 and P\<0.01) restoration of these values towards the normal level was observed in all the three tested doses of MFESK. Similar results were observed for CAT, SOD and TBARS in both liver and kidney tissues. These results designated the strong antioxidant and hepatoprotective nature of MFESK. The histopathological investigation of liver and kidney tissues also confirmed the observed activities. Conclusion: These findings afford incitement for the development of a novel hepatoprotective herbal drugs.

}, keywords = {Antioxidant, Carbon tetrachloride, Hepatoprotective, Hepatotoxicity, Liver disease, Strobilanthes kunthianus}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.161}, author = {Geetha Balasubramaniam and Mahendran Sekar and Maithili Varadarajan and Shrishailappa Badami} } @article {1468, title = {Hepatoprotective Effect of Quail Egg Against Carbontetrachloride (CCl4) Induced Hepatic Damage in Albino Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {7}, year = {2015}, month = {27th Dec, 2014}, pages = {102-106}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {102}, abstract = {

Introduction: Quail egg has been used traditionally in the treatment of many ailments. Despite the wide speculations of its involvement in the treatment of liver diseases, very little scientific evidence exist to support this claim. This work investigated the hepatoprotective effect of quail egg against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver damage in albino rats. Materials and Methods: The rats were divided into five groups of five rats per group. Animals of group A (positive control) were fed with vehicle (distilled water) on the first four days and with vehicle and CCl4 on the fifth, sixth and seventh day. Animals of group B (negative control) were given only vehicle for seven days. Animals of groups C, D and E were respectively administered with 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight of quail egg for the first four days and with vehicle, quail egg and CCl4 for the fifth, sixth and seventh day. Animals were subsequently anaesthetized, and blood samples were taken for the estimation of albumin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total protein (TP) and bilirubin. The liver was isolated for histopathological studies. Results: The levels of ALT, ALP and TP were significantly affected (p \< 0.05) in CCl4 fed groups, indicating liver injury. The effects were reduced significantly (p \< 0.05) after treatment of rats with quail egg. Furthermore, histopathological studies of the liver tissues also supported the hepatoprotective activity of quail egg- photomicrographs of treated groups showed mild reduction in vacuolarisation/ballooning degeneration of the hepatocytes. Conclusion: Quail egg showed some potentials of protecting the liver from damage by stabilising the levels of ALP, ALT and TP and reducing the degeneration of the hepatocytes. Thus, this finding has provided information that suggests utilising quail egg for treatment of liver dysfunction.

Key Words: Quail egg, Carbon tetrachloride, Hepatotoxicity, Hepatoprotection, Histopathology.

}, keywords = {Carbon tetrachloride, Hepatoprotection, Hepatotoxicity, Histopathology., Quail egg}, author = {Dandare Shamsudeen Umar and Bawa Muhammad and Wasagu Ibrahim Zubairu and Magaji Umar Faruk} } @article {1483, title = {Anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities of methanolic extract of Anthemis scrobicularis herbs}, journal = {Pharmacognosy journal}, volume = {6}, year = {2014}, month = {8th April 2014}, pages = {55-61}, type = {Original Article}, abstract = {

The anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activitiesof the methanolic extract of Anthemis scrobicularis(ANS) herbs were evaluated in rats against carrageenan induced inflammation and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)induced hepatic injury. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of ANS, twenty male rats were divided into four equal groups. Injection of 100 \μl carrageenan in normal saline into the subplantar region of the hind paw of rats clearly induced paw edema. The volume of paw edema was attenuated following oral administration of ANS. For hepatoprotective effects, twenty five rats were equally divided into five groups.The hepatotoxicity, induced by a single dose of CCl4, produced significant (p\<0.001) increase of the levels of serumtransaminase, phosphatase, bilirubin and a decrease in proteins were also noticed. The oxidative stress marker such as malondialdehyde (MDA)was increased and nonprotein sulfhydryl (NP-SH) was decreased in the hepatotoxic tissues. Pre-medication of CCl4-intoxicated rats with ANS at the doses 250 and 500 mg/kg reversed the abnormal liver diagnostic stricture. The results showed that ANS is toxicologically safe when orally administered and possess highly significant anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities and the potentials usefulness of Anthemis scrobicularis in hepatic and inflammatory disease.

Key words: Anthemis scrobicularis, Anti-inflammatory, Hepatoprotective, Carbon tetrachloride, Histopathology.

}, keywords = {Anthemis scrobicularis, Anti-inflammatory, Carbon tetrachloride, Hepatoprotective, Histopathology}, author = {Hasan S. Yusufoglu and Aftab Alam and Mohamad Ayman A. Salkini and Ahmed M. Zaghloul} }